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Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a severely debilitating and chronic disorder with unclear etiology and pathophysiology, which makes the diagnosis difficult and treatment challenging. To investigate the role of immunity in IC bladders, we sequenced 135,091 CD45+ immune cells from 15 female patients with IC and 9 controls with stress urinary incontinence using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). 22 immune subpopulations were identified in the constructed landscape. Among them, M2-like macrophages, inflammatory CD14+ macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells had the most communications with other immune cells. Then, a significant increase of central memory CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells, GZMK+CD8+ T cells, activated B cells, un-switched memory B cells, and neutrophils, and a significant decrease of CD8+ effector T cells, Th17 cells, follicular helper T cells, switched memory B cells, transitional B cells, and macrophages were noted in IC bladders. The enrichment analysis identified a virus-related response during the dynamic change of cell proportion, furthermore, the human polyomavirus-2 was detected with a positive rate of 95% in urine of patients with IC. By integrating the results of scRNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics, we found nearly all immune subpopulations were enriched in the urothelial region or located close to fibroblasts in IC bladders, but they were discovered around urothelium and smooth muscle cells in control bladders. These findings depict the immune landscape for IC and might provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of IC.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common and most lethal gynecological malignancies. OC has an age-dependent incidence and occurs more commonly in females older than 50 years old. Most OC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 DNA repair associated gene (BRCA1) and the BRCA2 DNA repair associated gene (BRCA2) account for 20%-25% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). BRCA1 germline mutations are more common in Chinese EOC patients.This study reported a three-generation Han-Chinese family containing four EOC patients and a rectal adenocarcinoma patient. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on two EOC patients and an unaffected individual. Variant validation was also performed in all available members by Sanger sequencing.A heterozygous splice site variant, c.4358-2AG in the BRCA1 gene, was identified. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the variant may change the splicing machinery.The BRCA1 splice site variant, c.4358-2AG was identified as the likely genetic cause for EOC, and may also be associated with the increased risk of rectal adenocarcinoma in the family. The findings were beneficial for genetic counseling, helpful for cancer prevention in other family members, and may facilitate therapy decision-making in the future to reduce cancer lethality.

Positive perceptions of patient safety culture are associated with lower rates of adverse events, but they have not been widely established in many health care organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of a safety culture training program (SCTP) on enhancing the perceptions of patient safety in nurse managers. This was a quasi-experimental design. 83 nurse managers were recruited from five randomly selected 2nd level hospitals. Sixty-seven nurse managers received training under the educational SCTP. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC) and Chinese Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (C-SAQ) were administered just before and six months after the educational program. The data of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers, patient falls, and unplanned extubations were collected. The total positive scores of HSPSC were significantly improved and four dimensions of C-SAQ significantly increased six months after SCTP. The rate of patient falls and rate of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers decreased significantly six months post SCTP. In conclusion, nurse manager participation in a SCTP can enhance the perceptions of patient safety and reduce the rates of adverse events. More rigorous trials with larger numbers of participants and a control group are needed to strengthen the conclusions.