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To determine the feasibility of intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) dye use in patients with adnexal torsion to intraoperatively evaluate ovarian perfusion after detorsion.A prospective multicenter single-arm feasibility study.A teaching hospital.A total of 12 nonpregnant patients, 18 to 45 years old with surgically confirmed adnexal torsion.Torsion was surgically confirmed, the involved adnexa were untwisted laparoscopically, and ICG dye was injected intravenously. The absence or presence of ICG perfusion was documented, and the clinical decision for ovarian conservation or removal was determined by the surgeon.The primary outcome was feasibility of using ICG dye including measures such as time to visualized perfusion and operative time. Secondary outcomes included presence or absence of ovarian preservation and postoperative follow-up measures. Intraoperative visualization of ICG perfusion to the detorsed adnexa was achieved in 10 patients (83%) in a median time of 1 minute (0, 2), resulting in entire (n = 9) or partial (n = 1) ovarian conservation. Perfusion was absent in 2 cases, and postoophorectomy histologic necrosis was confirmed in one case. Median operative time was 74 minutes (48, 94). There were no adverse events related to ICG dye use.Intraoperative ICG dye use in this study was logistically feasible and conservation of the entire or partial ovary was observed in 83% of patients, including one case where preoperative Doppler flow was absent.

Background The social and physical environments in which people live affect the emergence, prevalence, and severity of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. There are limited data on how such social determinants of health, including neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, affect the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy. Objective Our objective was to determine how social determinants of health are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 illness in hospitalized pregnant patients in New York during the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Study Design This cross-sectional study evaluated all pregnant patients who delivered and had polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between March 15, 2020, and June 15, 2020, at 7 hospitals within Northwell Health, the largest academic health system in New York. During the study period, universal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing protocols were implemented at all sites. Polymerase chain reaction testing was performed using nasopharyngeal swabs. Patients were excluded if the following variables were not available: polymerase chain reaction results, race, ethnicity, or zone improvement plan (ZIP) code of residence. Clinical data were obtained from the enterprise electronic health record system. For each patient, ZIP code was used as a proxy for neighborhood. Socioeconomic characteristics were determined by linking to ZIP code data from the United States Census Bureau's American Community Survey and the Internal Revenue Service's Statistics of Income Division. Specific variables of interest included mean persons per household, median household income, percent unemployment, and percent with less than high school education. Medical records were manually reviewed for all subjects with positive polymerase chain reaction test results to correctly identify symptomatic patients and then classify those subjects using the National Institutes of Health severity of illness categories. Classification was based on the highest severity of illness throughout gestation and not necessarily at the time of presentation for delivery. Results A total of 4873 patients were included in the study. The polymerase chain reaction test positivity rate was 11% (n=544). Among this group, 359 patients (66%) were asymptomatic or presymptomatic, 115 (21%) had mild or moderate coronavirus disease 2019, and 70 (13%) had severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019. On multiple logistic regression modeling, pregnant patients who had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were more likely to be younger or of higher parity, belong to minoritized racial and ethnic groups, have public health insurance, have limited English proficiency, and reside in low-income neighborhoods with less educational attainment. On ordinal logit regression modeling, obesity, income and education were associated with coronavirus disease 2019 severity. Conclusion Social and physical determinants of health play a role in determining the risk of infection. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 illness was not associated with race or ethnicity but was associated with maternal obesity and neighborhood level characteristics such as educational attainment and household income.