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1,474 results on '"KOYANAGI, A."'

1. Th2 CD4+ T Cells Are Necessary and Sufficient for Schistosoma‐Pulmonary Hypertension

Author: Kumar, Rahul, Mickael, Claudia, Kassa, Biruk, Sanders, Linda, Koyanagi, Dan, Hernandez‐Saavedra, Daniel, Freeman, Scott, Morales‐Cano, Daniel, Cogolludo, Angel, McKee, Amy S, Fontenot, Andrew P, Butrous, Ghazwan, Tuder, Rubin M, and Graham, Brian B
Subjects: Rare Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Lung, Vector-Borne Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pneumonia, Schistosomiasis, Th2 Cells, CD4 T cell, pulmonary hypertension, schistosomiasis, type 2 immunity, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract: Background Inflammation underlies many forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH), including that resulting from Schistosoma infection, a major cause of PH worldwide. Schistosomiasis-associated PH is proximately triggered by embolization of parasite eggs into the lungs, resulting in localized type 2 inflammation. However, the role of CD4+ T cells in this disease is not well defined. Methods and Results We used a mouse model of schistosomiasis-associated PH, induced by intraperitoneal egg sensitization followed by intravenous egg challenge, with outcomes including right ventricle systolic pressure measured by cardiac catheterization, and cell density and phenotype assessed by flow cytometry. We identified that embolization of Schistosoma eggs into lungs of egg-sensitized mice increased the perivascular density of T-helper 2 (Th2) CD4+ T cells by recruitment of cells from the circulation and triggered type 2 inflammation. Parabiosis confirmed that egg embolization is required for localized type 2 immunity. We found Th2 CD4+ T cells were necessary for Schistosoma-induced PH, given that deletion of CD4+ T cells or inhibiting their Th2 function protected against type 2 inflammation and PH following Schistosoma exposure. We also observed that adoptive transfer of Schistosoma-sensitized CD4+ Th2 cells was sufficient to drive type 2 inflammation and PH. Conclusions Th2 CD4+ T cells are a necessary and sufficient component for the type 2 inflammation-induced PH following Schistosoma exposure.
Published: 2019

2. Vascular Adaptation of the Right Ventricle in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

Author: Graham, Brian B, Kumar, Rahul, Mickael, Claudia, Kassa, Biruk, Koyanagi, Dan, Sanders, Linda, Zhang, Li, Perez, Mario, Hernandez-Saavedra, Daniel, Valencia, Carolyn, Dixon, Kandice, Harral, Julie, Loomis, Zoe, Irwin, David, Nemkov, Travis, D'Alessandro, Angelo, Stenmark, Kurt R, and Tuder, Rubin M
Subjects: Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Cardiovascular, Pediatric, Lung, Pediatric Research Initiative, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Heart Disease, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Apoptosis, Cell Proliferation, Endothelial Cells, Female, Heart Ventricles, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Hypoxia, Indoles, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pyrroles, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, pulmonary hypertension, right ventricle, angiogenesis, metabolism, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Respiratory System, Biochemistry and cell biology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract: Optimal right ventricular (RV) function in pulmonary hypertension (PH) requires structural and functional coupling between the RV cardiomyocyte and its adjacent capillary network. Prior investigations have indicated that RV vascular rarefaction occurs in PH, which could contribute to RV failure by reduced delivery of oxygen or other metabolic substrates. However, it has not been determined if rarefaction results from relative underproliferation in the setting of tissue hypertrophy or from actual loss of vessels. It is also unknown if rarefaction results in inadequate substrate delivery to the RV tissue. In the present study, PH was induced in rats by SU5416-hypoxia-normoxia exposure. The vasculature in the RV free wall was assessed using stereology. Steady-state metabolomics of the RV tissue was performed by mass spectrometry. Complementary studies were performed in hypoxia-exposed mice and rats. Rats with severe PH had evidence of RV failure by decreased cardiac output and systemic hypotension. By stereology, there was significant RV hypertrophy and increased total vascular length in the RV free wall in close proportion, with evidence of vessel proliferation but no evidence of endothelial cell apoptosis. There was a modest increase in the radius of tissue served per vessel, with decreased arterial delivery of metabolic substrates. Metabolomics revealed major metabolic alterations and metabolic reprogramming; however, metabolic substrate delivery was functionally preserved, without evidence of either tissue hypoxia or depletion of key metabolic substrates. Hypoxia-treated rats and mice had similar but milder alterations. There is significant homeostatic vascular adaptation in the right ventricle of rodents with PH.
Published: 2018

3. Association between depression and subjective cognitive complaints in 47 low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Tae-Jin Song, Benjamin R. Underwood, Louis Jacob, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Felipe Schuch, Hans Oh, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Laurie Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Ai Koyanagi, SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, Lee, Shin, Jae Il, Song, Tae-Jin, Underwood, Benjamin R, Jacob, Loui, López Sánchez, Guillermo F, Schuch, Felipe, Oh, Han, Veronese, Nicola, Soysal, Pinar, Butler, Laurie, Barnett, Yvonne, and Koyanagi, Ai
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Depression, Low-and middle-income countries, Subjective cognitive complaints, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Depression, Epidemiology, Low-and middle-income countries, Subjective cognitive complaints, Humans, Dementia, Female, Developing Countries, Biological Psychiatry, Aged
Abstract: People with depression and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) may be at particularly high risk for developing dementia. However, to date, studies on depression and SCC are limited mainly to single high-income countries. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between depression and SCC in adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cross-sectional, community-based data were analyzed from the World Health Survey. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 (No SCC) to 100 (worse SCC). ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research was used for the diagnosis of subsyndromal depression, brief depressive episode, and depressive episode. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to explore the associations. Data on 237,952 individuals aged >= 18 years [mean (SD) age 38.4 (16.0) years; females 50.8%] were analyzed. After adjustment for potential confounders (age, sex, education, anxiety), compared to no depressive disorder, subsyndromal depression (b-coefficient 7.91; 95%CI = 5.63-10.18), brief depressive episode (b-coefficient 10.37; 95%CI = 8.95 11.78), and depressive episode (b-coefficient 13.57; 95%CI = 12.33 14.81) were significantly associated with higher mean SCC scores. The association was similar in all age groups (i.e., 18 44, 45 64, and >= 65 years), and both males and females. All depression types assessed were associated with worse SCC among adults in 47 LMICs. Future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate whether older people with depression and SCC are at higher risk for dementia onset in LMICs.
Published: 2022

4. Association between sarcopenia and quality of life among adults aged ≥ 65 years from low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Karel Kostev, Louis Jacob, Hans Oh, Mark A. Tully, Laurie Butler, Ali Davod Parsa, Soo Young Hwang, Jae Il Shin, Ai Koyanagi, Smith, Lee, Sánchez, Guillermo F López, Veronese, Nicola, Soysal, Pinar, Kostev, Karel, Jacob, Loui, Oh, Han, Tully, Mark A, Butler, Laurie, Parsa, Ali Davod, Hwang, Soo Young, Shin, Jae Il, Koyanagi, Ai, and SOYSAL, PINAR
Subjects: Male, Sarcopenia, Aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hand Strength, Smith L., Sánchez G., Veronese N., Soysal P., Kostev K., Jacob L., Oh H., Tully M., Butler L., Parsa A., et al., -Association between sarcopenia and quality of life among adults aged ≥ 65 years from low- and middle-income countries.-, Aging clinical and experimental research, 2022, Quality of Life, Humans, Low- and middle-income countries, Older adults, Quality of life, Sarcopenia, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Developing Countries, Aged
Abstract: Background Sarcopenia has been associated with a lower quality of life (QoL). However, studies on this association from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce. Aims To examine the association between sarcopenia and QoL, in a large nationally representative sample of older adults from six LMICs. Methods Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analysed. Non-severe sarcopenia was defined as having low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and weak handgrip strength but no slow gait speed, while severe sarcopenia was defined as having low SMM, weak handgrip strength, and slow gait speed. QoL was assessed with the 8-item WHO QoL instrument (range 0-100) with higher scores representing better QoL. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted. Results Data on 14,585 people aged >= 65 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% female]. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to no sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia was associated with a significant - 3.37 points [95% CI - 5.56, - 1.18] lower QoL score. Non-severe sarcopenia was not significantly associated with lower QoL. Discussion The association between sarcopenia and QoL observed in our study may be explained by factors such as functional impairment and disability related with sarcopenia. Conclusions In this large representative sample of older adults from multiple LMICs, compared to no sarcopenia, only severe sarcopenia was associated with a significantly lower QoL score. Interventions to prevent or manage sarcopenia among older adults in LMICs may contribute to better QoL in this population.
Published: 2022

5. Association between adhesive capsulitis and depression: A five-year retrospective cohort study including 58,516 adults from Germany

Author: Louis Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, Hans Oh, Lee Smith, Marcel Konrad, Jae Il Shin, Josep Maria Haro, and Karel Kostev
Subjects: Adult, Male, Psychiatry and Mental health, Adolescent, Bursitis, Depression, Incidence, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Biological Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background\ud \ud Little is known on the longitudinal relationship between adhesive capsulitis and depression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between adhesive capsulitis and the five-year cumulative incidence of depression in adults from Germany.\ud Methods\ud \ud The present retrospective cohort study included all adults aged ≥18 years with a first diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis in one of 1198 general practices in Germany between January 2010 and December 2018 (index date). Patients with adhesive capsulitis were matched to those without adhesive capsulitis using a propensity score based on age, sex, index year, average number of visits per year, and diagnoses documented prior to or at the index date (i.e., thyroid gland disorders, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and Parkinson's disease and secondary parkinsonism). In individuals without adhesive capsulitis, the index date was a randomly selected visit date.\ud Results\ud \ud This study included 29,258 patients with and 29,258 patients without adhesive capsulitis (mean [SD] age 55.9 [15.6] years; 53.2% men). Within five years of the index date, there were 17.5% of patients with adhesive capsulitis and 8.7% of those without adhesive capsulitis diagnosed with incident depression (log-rank p-value
Published: 2022

6. Multimorbidity, depression with anxiety symptoms, and decrements in health in 47 low- and middle-income countries

Author: M, Felez-Nobrega, J M, Haro, and A, Koyanagi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Chronic Disease, Income, Humans, Multimorbidity, Female, Anxiety, Developing Countries
Abstract: Comorbid depression and anxiety is associated with worse health outcomes compared to depression or anxiety occurring in isolation, but there is little data on its association with multimorbidity. Thus, we investigated this association across 47 low- and middle-income countries, and further explored whether having anxiety symptoms in addition to depression is associated with significant declines in health outcomes among those with multimorbidity.Cross-sectional, predominantly nationally representative, community-based data were analyzed from the World Health Survey. DSM-IV depression was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Anxiety symptoms referred to severe/extreme problems with worry or anxiety. Ten chronic conditions and health status across five domains (cognition, interpersonal activities, sleep/energy, self-care, pain/discomfort) were assessed. Multivariable regression analyses conducted.Data included 237,952 adults aged ≥18 years [mean age (SD) 38.4 (16.0); 50.8 % females]. Compared to no chronic conditions, 2 (OR = 6.86; 95%CI = 5.59-8.42), 3 (OR = 12.33; 95%CI = 9.72-15.63), and ≥4 (OR = 26.55; 95%CI = 20.21-35.17) chronic conditions were associated with significantly higher odds for comorbid depression/anxiety symptoms (vs. no depression or anxiety symptoms) in the multinomial logistic regression model. Among those with depression and multimorbidity, anxiety symptoms were associated with significantly worse health status across all domains.Cross-sectional design, depression and anxiety symptoms were not based on a clinical assessment.Comorbid depression/anxiety is common in people with multimorbidity, and anxiety symptoms in people with depression and multimorbidity signify worse health status. Future studies should assess the utility of screening for and treating comorbid depression/anxiety in patients with multimorbidity in terms of clinical outcomes.
Published: 2022

7. Sleep duration and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 65 years from low and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Damiano Pizzol, Jacopo Demurtas, Mark A. Tully, Yvonne Barnett, Laurie Butler, Ai Koyanagi, Smith, L., Shin, J.I., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., López Sánchez, G.F., Pizzol, D., Demurtas, J., Tully, M.A., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., Koyanagi, A., and SOYSAL, PINAR
Subjects: Male, Sarcopenia, Aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sleep problems · Sarcopenia · Low- and- middle income countries · Older adults, Hand Strength, Smith L., Shin J. I. , Veronese N., Soysal P., López Sánchez G. F. , Pizzol D., Demurtas J., Tully M. A. , Barnett Y., Butler L., et al., -Sleep duration and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 65 years from low and middle-income countries.-, Aging clinical and experimental research, 2022, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Sleep, Developing Countries
Abstract: Background: Sleep duration may influence risk for sarcopenia but studies on this topic are scarce, especially from low and- middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥ 65years from five LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Russia, South Africa). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analysed. Sarcopenia was defined as having low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and weak handgrip strength, while severe sarcopenia was defined as having low SMM, weak handgrip strength, and slow gait speed. Self-reported sleep duration in the past two nights were averaged and classified as ≤ 6, > 6 to ≤ 9, and ≥ 9h/day. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: Data on 13,210 adults aged ≥ 65years [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.3) years; 55.0% females] were analyzed. In the overall sample, compared to > 6 to ≤ 9h/day of sleep duration, > 9h/day was associated with 1.70 (95% CI 1.15–2.51) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.08–2.84) times higher odds for sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia, respectively. No significant associations were observed among males, but associations were particularly pronounced among females [i.e., OR = 2.19 (95% CI 1.26–3.81) for sarcopenia, and OR = 2.26 (95% CI 1.20–4.23) for severe sarcopenia]. Conclusions: Long sleep duration was associated with an increased odds of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia in LMICs, particularly in females. Future studies should investigate whether addressing long sleep duration among females can lead to lower risk for sarcopenia onset in LMICs. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Published: 2022

8. Continuous Exposure to Alpha-Glycosyl Isoquercitrin from Gestation Ameliorates Disrupted Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats Induced by Gestational Injection of Valproic Acid

Author: Kazumi Takashima, Hiromu Okano, Ryota Ojiro, Qian Tang, Yasunori Takahashi, Shunsuke Ozawa, Xinyu Zou, Mihoko Koyanagi, Robert R. Maronpot, Toshinori Yoshida, and Makoto Shibutani
Subjects: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Valproic Acid, Neurogenesis, General Neuroscience, Toxicology, Hippocampus, Antioxidants, Rats, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Humans, Animals, Female, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
Abstract: This study examined the ameliorating effect of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ), an antioxidant, on disrupted hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder induced by prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure. Dams were intraperitoneally injected with 500 mg/kg VPA on gestational day 12. AGIQ was administered in the diet at 0.25 or 0.5% to dams from gestational day 13 until weaning at postnatal day (PND) 21 and then to pups until PND 63. At PND 21, VPA-exposed offspring showed decreased numbers of type-2a and type-3 neural progenitor cells (NPCs) among granule cell lineage subpopulations. AGIQ treatment at both doses rescued the reduction in type-3 NPCs. AGIQ upregulated Reln and Vldlr transcript levels in the DG at 0.5% and ≥ 0.25%, respectively, and increased the number of reelin
Published: 2022

9. Contribution of fatty acid oxidation to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension

Author: Michael H. Lee, Linda Sanders, Rahul Kumar, Daniel Hernandez-Saavedra, Xin Yun, Joshay A. Ford, Mario J. Perez, Claudia Mickael, Aneta Gandjeva, Daniel E. Koyanagi, Julie W. Harral, David C. Irwin, Biruk Kassa, Robert H. Eckel, Larissa A. Shimoda, Brian B. Graham, and Rubin M. Tuder
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Scleroderma, Systemic, Physiology, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Fatty Acids, Cell Biology, Pulmonary Artery, Vascular Remodeling, Rats, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Physiology (medical), Animals, Humans, Female, Hypoxia
Abstract: Dysregulated metabolism characterizes both animal and human forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism have previously not been assessed in human pulmonary arteries affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and how inhibition of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) may attenuate PH remains unclear. Fatty acid metabolism gene transcription was quantified in laser-dissected pulmonary arteries from 10 explanted lungs with advanced PAH (5 idiopathic, 5 associated with systemic sclerosis), and 5 donors without lung diseases. Effects of oxfenicine, a FAO inhibitor, on female Sugen 5416-chronic hypoxia (SuHx) rats were studied in vivo using right heart catheterization, and ex vivo using perfused lungs and pulmonary artery ring segments. The impact of pharmacologic (oxfenicine) and genetic (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a heterozygosity) FAO suppression was additionally probed in mouse models of Schistosoma and hypoxia-induced PH. Potential mechanisms underlying FAO-induced PH pathogenesis were examined by quantifying ATP and mitochondrial mass in oxfenicine-treated SuHx pulmonary arterial cells, and by assessing pulmonary arterial macrophage infiltration with immunohistochemistry. We found upregulated pulmonary arterial transcription of 26 and 13 FAO genes in idiopathic and systemic sclerosis-associated PAH, respectively. In addition to promoting de-remodeling of pulmonary arteries in SuHx rats, oxfenicine attenuated endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction. FAO inhibition also conferred modest benefit in the two mouse models of PH. Oxfenicine increased mitochondrial mass in cultured rat pulmonary arterial cells, and decreased the density of perivascular macrophage infiltration in pulmonary arteries of treated SuHx rats. In summary, FAO inhibition attenuated experimental PH, and may be beneficial in human PAH.
Published: 2022

10. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Dana Bryazka, Marissa B Reitsma, Max G Griswold, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Giovanni Addolorato, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Sangeet Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Md Zakiul Alam, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yousef Alimohamadi, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Kasim Allel, Jordi Alonso, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jalal Arabloo, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Zahra Aryan, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O Ayinde, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/Bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R Brunoni, Zahid A Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael M Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J Elgar, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Lilian A Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Salime Goharinezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Felix Greaves, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Brian J Hall, Rabih Halwani, Tiilahun Beyene Handiso, Graeme J Hankey, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Mehdi hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, M Mofizul Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Zahra Jamalpoor, Elham Jamshidi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Ranil Jayawardena, Rime Jebai, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Imteyaz A Khan, Moien AB Khan, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Mika Kivimäki, Vitalii Klymchuk, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Ben Lacey, Tea Lallukka, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Platon D Lopukhov, Stefan Lorkowski, Rafael Lozano, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Alaa Makki, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narayana Manjunatha, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco A Martinez-Villa, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K Maulik, Mahsa Mayeli, John J McGrath, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G Menezes, Gert B M Mensink, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Bedasa Taye Merga, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Maryam Mobarakabadi, Marcello Moccia, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Yousef Moradi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Julius C Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gregory A Roth, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Marco Solmi, YONATAN SOLOMON, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw E Yesera, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, University of Oxford (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), NIH - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (Estados Unidos), Canada Research Chairs, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Heart Foundation of Australia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Wellcome Trust, NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Panjab University (India), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), South African Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Charles Sturt University (Australia), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Mizoram University (India), Kasturba Medical College (India), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Collaborators, GBD 2020 Alcohol, Bryazka, Dana, Reitsma, Marissa B, Griswold, Max G, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abhilash, E S, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adhikari, Sangeet, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Md Zakiul, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Allel, Kasim, Alonso, Jordi, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arabloo, Jalal, Arshad, Muhammad, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryan, Zahra, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Astell-Burt, Thoma, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre ayanore, Ayinde, Olatunde O, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balchut/bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Belo, Lui, Bennett, Derrick A, Benseñor, Isabela M, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Blokhina, Elena A Elena, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brunoni, Andre R, Butt, Zahid A, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F S, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Cherbuin, Nicola, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chudal, Nandita, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Churko, Chuchu, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Costanzo, Simona, Cowden, Richard G, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daniel, Beniam Darge, Danielewicz, Anna, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Davletov, Kairat, de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva, de Sá-Junior, Antonio Rei, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demetriades, Andreas K, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Desai, Rupak, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Diress, Mengistie, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Duko, Bereket, Duncan, Bruce B, Edvardsson, Kristina, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elgar, Frank J, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Farahmand, Fatemeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feldman, Rachel, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fentaw, Zinabu, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Franklin, Richard Charle, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Galvano, Fabio, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garg, Tushar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Gemechu, Tadele Regasa, Getacher, Lemma, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Getie, Asmare, Ghaderi, Amir, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghandour, Lilian A, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghozy, Sherief, Glozah, Franklin N, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hall, Brian J, Halwani, Rabih, Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene, Hankey, Graeme J, Hariri, Sanam, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Sahadat, Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, M Mofizul, Islam, Rakibul M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jabbarinejad, Roxana, Jacob, Loui, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamalpoor, Zahra, Jamshidi, Elham, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jeddi, Seyed Ali, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jindal, Har Ashish, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray, Kandel, Himal, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kaur, Rimple Jeet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Moien AB, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kivimäki, Mika, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kumar, Nithin, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lobo, Stany W, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Makki, Alaa, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Manjunatha, Narayana, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Villa, Francisco A, Matzopoulos, Richard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mcgrath, John J, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensink, Gert B M, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Atte, Merga, Bedasa Taye, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirica, Andreea, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mobarakabadi, Maryam, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moradi, Yousef, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mullany, Erin C, Mulugeta, Beemnet Tekabe, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J L, Mwita, Julius C, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nepal, Samata, Neupane, Sudan Prasad Prasad, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuruzzaman, Khan M, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Morae, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Patton, George C, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Peden, Amy E, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phillips, Michael R, Pinheiro, Marina, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prashant, Akila, Quan, Jianchao, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Roth, Gregory A, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Farhad, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sathian, Brijesh, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shahin, Sarvenaz, Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba, Shahrokhi, Shayan, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shrestha, Roman, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, Natacha Torres da, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Solmi, Marco, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Stein, Dan J, Subba, Sonu Hangma, Szócska, Mikló, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taheri, Majid, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tareke, Minale, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapar, Rekha, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Tiruneh, Chalachew, Todorovic, Jovana, Torrado, Marco, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Vakilian, Alireza, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Varmaghani, Mehdi, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vos, Theo, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Cong, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wubetu, Abate Dargie, Xu, Suowen, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yesera, Gesila Endashaw E, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yimaw, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahir, Mazyar, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zmaili, Mohammad, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, Mb, Griswold, Mg, Abate, Kh, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, Ma, Kangevari, Za, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, Am, Abhilash, E, Abu Gharbieh, E, Acuna, Jm, Addolorato, G, Adebayo, Om, Adekanmbi, V, Adhikari, K, Adhikari, S, Adnani, Qe, Afzal, S, Agegnehu, Wy, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, Bo, Ahmad, Ar, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Rashid, Ta, Akunna, Cj, Al Hamad, H, Alam, Mz, Alem, Dt, Alene, Ka, Alimohamadi, Y, Alizadeh, A, Allel, K, Alonso, J, Alvand, S, Guzman, Na, Amare, F, Ameyaw, Ek, Amiri, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, Ja, Andrei, Cl, Andrei, T, Arabloo, J, Arshad, M, Artamonov, Aa, Aryan, Z, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, Ma, Burt, Ta, Athari, S, Atnafu, Dd, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayano, G, Ayanore, Ma, Ayinde, Oo, Mateos, Jla, Azadnajafabad, S, Azanaw, Mm, Khyavy, Ma, Jafari, Aa, Azzam, Ay, Badiye, Ad, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, Sm, Bakshi, Rk, Balchut, Ah, Null, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Belo, L, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bintoro, B, Blokhina, Eae, Bodicha, Bba, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, Ni, Brunoni, Ar, Butt, Za, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, Af, Carvalho, M, Maia, Jmc, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, Lfsc, Cattaruzza, M, Chakraborty, Pa, Charan, J, Chattu, Vk, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Chu, Dt, Chudal, N, Chung, Sc, Churko, C, Ciobanu, Lg, Cirillo, M, Claro, Rm, Costanzo, S, Cowden, Rg, Criqui, Mh, Martins, Nc, Culbreth, Gt, Dachew, Ba, Dadras, O, Dai, Xc, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, Bd, Danielewicz, A, Gela, Jd, Davletov, K, de Araujo, Jap, de Sa, Ar, Debela, Sa, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, Ak, Molla, Md, Desai, R, Desta, Aa, da Silva, Dd, Diaz, D, Digesa, Le, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, Hl, Duko, B, Duncan, Bb, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, Fj, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, Ma, Endries, Ay, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, Af, Fakhradiyev, Ir, Farahmand, F, Farinha, Cse, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, Nk, Feigin, Vl, Feldman, R, Feng, Xq, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, Lf, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, Jm, Franklin, Rc, Gaal, Pa, Gad, Mm, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, Mgd, Gebremeskel, Tg, Gebremichael, Ma, Gemechu, Tr, Getacher, L, Getachew, Me, Obsa, Ag, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, Sh, Ghandour, La, Nour, Mg, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, Fn, Glushkova, Ev, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, Tw, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, Vb, Gupta, Vk, Nejad, Nh, Mirzaian, Ah, Hall, Bj, Halwani, R, Handiso, Tb, Hankey, Gj, Hariri, S, Haro, Jm, Hasaballah, Ai, Moghaddam, Hh, Hay, Si, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, Dz, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, Mm, Holla, R, Hossain, Mm, Hossain, S, Hosseini, Sk, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, Gq, Huang, Jj, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, Se, Ilic, Im, Ilic, Md, Immurana, M, Irham, Lm, Islam, Mm, Islam, Rm, Islam, Sm, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, Sk, Jayarajah, Uu, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, Sa, Jema, At, Jha, Rp, Jindal, Ha, Jonas, Jb, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, Rh, Kamble, Bd, Kandel, H, Kanno, Gg, Kapoor, N, Karaye, Im, Karimi, Se, Kassa, Bg, Kaur, Rj, Kayode, Ga, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, Ia, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kimokoti, Rw, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, Ak, Kolahi, Aa, Korshunov, Va, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, N, Ben, Lacey, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, Sw, Lee, Wc, Lee, Yh, Lim, Ll, Lim, S, Lobo, Sw, Lopukhov, Pd, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, Ra, Makki, A, Malekpour, Mr, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, Ma, Raga, Jm, Villa, Fam, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, Pk, Mayeli, M, Mcgrath, Jj, Meena, Jk, Nasab, Em, Menezes, Rg, Mensink, Gbm, Mentis, Afa, Meretoja, A, Merga, Bt, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, Jm, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, Acmgn, Miller, Tr, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, Am, Mohammed, Ta, Moka, N, Mokdad, Ah, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, Ec, Mulugeta, Bt, Zamora, Em, Murray, Cjl, Mwita, Jc, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, Md, Nangia, V, Nayak, Bp, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Nejadghaderi, Sa, Nepal, S, Neupane, Spp, Kandel, Sn, Nigatu, Yt, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, Km, Nzoputam, Ci, Obamiro, Ko, Ogbo, Fa, Oguntade, A, Aliabad, Ho, Olakunde, Bo, Oliveira, Gmm, Bali, Ao, Omer, E, Altamirano, Dvo, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Mahesh, Pa, Monedero, Ap, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, Sp, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Kan, Fp, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, Gc, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, Ae, Petcu, Ir, Phillips, Mr, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, Pm, Prashant, A, Quan, Jc, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, Pr, Movaghar, Vr, Rahman, A, Rahman, Mm, Rahman, M, Rahmani, Am, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, Cl, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, Cr, Rasali, Dp, Rashidi, Mm, Ratan, Za, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, Amn, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, Sm, Rodriguez, Er, Roth, Ga, Rwegerera, Gm, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, Ma, Rahman, Ksu, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, Am, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, Mm, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, Gk, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, Mi, Schutte, Ae, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, Dc, Seidu, Aa, Seyedalinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, F, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, Ma, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, Mz, Beyranvand, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, Ra, Shetty, A, Shetty, Jk, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, Km, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, Nb, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silva, Da, da Silva, Nt, Singh, Ja, Singh, S, Skryabin, Vy, Skryabina, Aa, Sleet, Da, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Ym, Sorensen, Rjd, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, In, Stein, Dj, Subba, Sh, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, Rt, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, Kk, Tareke, M, Tarkang, Ee, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, Wa, Temsah, Mh, Thankappan, Kr, Thapar, R, Thomas, Nk, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, Mrt, Tran, Mtn, Llimos, St, Tripathy, Jp, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, Sb, Vasankari, Tj, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, Mt, Wang, C, Wang, Yz, Wang, Yp, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, Nd, Wubetu, Ad, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, Gee, Yigit, A, Yimaw, Ae, Yon, Dk, Yonemoto, N, Yu, Ch, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Zj, Zhong, Cw, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, Ymh, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, Am, Ciobanu, LG, Gakidou, Emma, and GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators
Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, CONTROL POLICIES, adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Geography, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, NDAS, ALL-CAUSE, GUIDELINES, GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Medicine, General & Internal, DRINKING, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, DRINKERS, Child, Preschool, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, METAANALYSIS, MCC, Science & Technology, global burden of disease, Risk Factor, General Medicine, CANCER, alcohol drinking, AC, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, REDUCED MORTALITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí
Published: 2022

11. Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents aged 10-24 years in the EU, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Author: Armocida, Benedetta, Monasta, Lorenzo, Sawyer, Susan, Bustreo, Flavia, Segafredo, Giulia, Castelpietra, Giulio, Ronfani, Luca, Pasovic, Maja, Hay, Simon, Perel, Pablo, Beran, David, Sawyer, Susan M., Hay, Simon I., Abila, Derrick Bary, Abolhassani, Hassan, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ahmadi, Keivan, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Aldeyab, Mamoon A., Al-Jumaily, Adel, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arumugam, Ashokan, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Baker, Jennifer L., Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barra, Fabio, Barteit, Sandra, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Béjot, Yannick, Belo, Luis, Bennett, Derrick A., Bikbov, Boris, Bikov, Andras, Blyuss, Oleg, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Márcia, Catapano, Alberico L., Chandan, Joht Singh, Charalampous, Periklis, Chen, Simiao, Conde, Joao, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Damiani, Giovanni, Dastiridou, Anna, de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Douiri, Abdel, Dragioti, Elena, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferreira de Oliveira, José Miguel P., Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Fischer, Florian, Fonseca, Diogo, Gaewkhiew, Piyada, Gaihre, Santosh, Gallus, Silvano, Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana, Gill, Paramjit, Glasbey, James C., Gorini, Giuseppe, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Gurara, Mekdes Kondale, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, M Tasdik, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Heibati, Behzad, Hellemons, Merel E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Hussain, Salman, Isola, Gaetano, Johnson, Olatunji, Jonas, Jost B., Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Karch, André, Kauppila, Joonas H., Kayode, Gbenga A., Khan, Moien A. B., Khatab, Khaled, Kivimäki, Mika, Klugar, Miloslav, Klugarová, Jitka, Koly, Kamrun Nahar, Koyanagi, Ai, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lamnisos, Demetris, Langguth, Berthold, Larsson, Anders O., Lauriola, Paolo, Lee, Paul H., Leonardi, Matilde, Li, An, Linehan, Christine, López-Bueno, Rubén, Lorkowski, Stefan, Loureiro, Joana A., Lunevicius, Raimundas, Magee, Laura A., Magnani, Francesca Giulia, Majeed, Azeem, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Mathioudakis, Alexander G., Mathur, Manu Raj, McGrath, John J., Menezes, Ritesh G., Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A., Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mirica, Andreea, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammed, Shafiu, Molokhia, Mariam, Mondello, Stefania, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Munblit, Daniel, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nena, Evangelia, Noor, Nurulamin M., Nowak, Christoph, Ntaios, George, Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka, Oancea, Bogdan, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Ortiz, Alberto, Otoiu, Adrian, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pardhan, Shahina, Patel, Jay, Pedersini, Paolo, Peñalvo, José L., Pensato, Umberto, Pereira, Renato B., Perico, Norberto, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Polinder, Suzanne, Postma, Maarten J., Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Raggi, Alberto, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rehman, Faizan Ur, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Riad, Abanoub, Rodriguez, Alina, Sacco, Simona, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Safdarian, Mahdi, Sathian, Brijesh, Sattin, Davide, Saxena, Sonia, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Schlee, Winfried, Schwendicke, Falk, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse, Shiri, Rahman, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shivarov, Velizar, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Colin R., Skou, Søren T., Socea, Bogdan, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Straif, Kurt, Sun, Xiaohui, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani, Topouzis, Fotis, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Unim, Brigid, Van den Eynde, Jef, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Veroux, Massimiliano, Villafaina, Santos, Vinko, Matej, Violante, Francesco S., Volovici, Victor, Wang, Yanzhong, Westerman, Ronny, Yadegarfar, Mohammad Esmaeil, Yaya, Sanni, Zadnik, Vesna, Zumla, Alimuddin, HASH(0x5651c96cd260), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Public Health, Pulmonary Medicine, Neurosurgery, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Europe NCDs in Adolescents, Lacey, BWH, Yaya, S, HUS Neurocenter, Department of Neurosciences, Armocida B., Monasta L., Sawyer S., Bustreo F., Segafredo G., Castelpietra G., Ronfani L., Pasovic M., Hay S., Sawyer S.M., Hay S.I., Abila D.B., Abolhassani H., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adekanmbi V., Ahmadi K., Al Hamad H., Aldeyab M.A., Al-Jumaily A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Andrei T., Arumugam A., Attia S., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Baker J.L., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barteit S., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bejot Y., Belo L., Bennett D.A., Bikbov B., Bikov A., Blyuss O., Breitner S., Brenner H., Carreras G., Carvalho M., Catapano A.L., Chandan J.S., Charalampous P., Chen S., Conde J., Cruz-Martins N., Damiani G., Dastiridou A., de la Torre-Luque A., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Douiri A., Dragioti E., Engelbert Bain L., Fagbamigbe A.F., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Ferrara P., Ferreira de Oliveira J.M.P., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Fischer F., Fonseca D.A., Gaewkhiew P., Gaihre S., Gallus S., Gaspar Fonseca M., Gill P.S., Glasbey J.C., Gorini G., Gupta V.K., Gurara M.K., Haro J.M., Hasan M.T., Havmoeller R.J., Heibati B., Hellemons M.E., Herteliu C., Hussain S., Isola G., Johnson O., Jonas J.B., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Karch A., Kauppila J.H., Kayode G.A., Khan M.A., Khatab K., Kivimaki M., Klugar M., Klugarova J., Koly K.N., Koyanagi A., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lallukka T., Lamnisos D., Langguth B., Larsson A.O., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Leonardi M., Li A., Linehan C., Lopez-Bueno R., Lorkowski S., Loureiro J.A., Lunevicius R., Magee L.A., Magnani F.G., Majeed A., Makris K.C., Mathioudakis A.G., Mathur M.R., McGrath J.J., Menezes R.G., Mentis A.-F.A., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski T., Mirica A., Moccia M., Mohammed S., Molokhia M., Mondello S., Mueller U.O., Mulita F., Munblit D., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Nena E., Noor N.M., Nowak C., Ntaios G., Nwatah V.E., Oancea B., Oguntade A.S., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Padron-Monedero A., Palladino R., Pana A., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pardhan S., Patel J., Pedersini P., Penalvo J.L., Pensato U., Pereira R.B., Perico N., Petcu I.-R., Polinder S., Postma M.J., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Raggi A., Rahimzadeh S., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rehman F.U., Remuzzi G., Riad A., Rodriguez A., Sacco S., Saeb M.R., Safdarian M., Sathian B., Sattin D., Saxena S., Scarmeas N., Schlee W., Schwendicke F., Shamsizadeh M., Sharew N.T., Shiri R., Shivalli S., Shivarov V., Silva J.P., Simpson C.R., Skou S.T., Socea B., Soyiri I.N., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Sun X., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Thiyagarajan A., Topouzis F., Tovani-Palone M.R., Truelsen T.C., Unim B., Van den Eynde J., Vasankari T.J., Veroux M., Villafaina S., Vinko M., Violante F.S., Volovici V., Wang Y., Westerman R., Yadegarfar M.E., Yaya S., Zadnik V., Zumla A., Perel P., Beran D., Armocida, B, Monasta, L, Sawyer, S, Ferrara, P, Benedetta, Armocida, Lorenzo, Monasta, Susan, Sawyer, Flavia, Bustreo, Giulia, Segafredo, Giulio, Castelpietra, Luca, Ronfani, Maja, Pasovic, Simon, Hay, Pablo, Perel, David, Beran, Bary Abila, Derrick, Abolhassani, Hassan, Adekanmbi, Victor, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Armocida, Benedetta, Attia, Sameh, Ausloos, Marcel, L Baker, Jennifer, Barteit, Sandra, Basu, Sanjay, Beran, David, Bikbov, Bori, Damiani, Giovanni, de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Douiri, Abdel, Dragioti, Elena, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Gaihre, Santosh, C Glasbey, Jame, Kumar Gupta, Vijai, Maria Haro, Josep, Herteliu, Claudiu, Isola, Gaetano, B Jonas, Jost, Jerzy Jozwiak, Jacek, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Karch, André, H Kauppila, Joona, A Kayode, Gbenga, AB Khan, Moien, Khatab, Khaled, Klugarová, Jitka, Kusuma, Dian, López-Bueno, Rubén, Lorkowski, Stefan, Christos Makris, Konstantino, Raj Mathur, Manu, G Menezes, Ritesh, Meretoja, Atte, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammed, Shafiu, Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Otto Mueller, Ulrich, Mulita, Francesk, Negoi, Ionut, Irina Negoi, Ruxandra, Oancea, Bogdan, Sikiru Oguntade, Ayodipupo, Ortiz, Alberto, Pana, Adrian, Panagiotakos, Demosthene, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pardhan, Shahina, Pasovic, Maja, Patel, Jay, L Peñalvo, José, B Pereira, Renato, Polinder, Suzanne, J Postma, Maarten, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Laith Rawaf, David, Rawaf, Salman, Ronfani, Luca, Reza Saeb, Mohammad, Sathian, Brijesh, Saxena, Sonia, Pedro Silva, João, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Roberto Tovani-Palone, Marco, Clement Truelsen, Thoma, Juhani Vasankari, Tommi, Villafaina, Santo, Westerman, Ronny, Yaya, Sanni, Zadnik, Vesna, Zumla., and Alimuddin, Sawyer, Susan, Bustreo, Flavia, Segafredo, Giulia, Castelpietra, Giulio, Hay, Simon, Perel, Pablo, M Sawyer, Susan, I Hay, Simon, Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Manfred, Ahmadi, Keivan, A Aldeyab, Mamoon, Al-Jumaily, Adel, Ancuceanu, Robert, Liliana Andrei, Catalina, Andrei, Tudorel, Arumugam, Ashokan, Aujayeb, Avinash, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barra, Fabio, T Baune, Bernhard, B??jot, Yannick, Belo, Lui, A Bennett, Derrick, Bikov, Andra, Blyuss, Oleg, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, M??rcia, L Catapano, Alberico, Singh Chandan, Joht, Charalampous, Perikli, Chen, Simiao, Conde, Joao, Cruz-Martins, Nat??lia, Dastiridou, Anna, Francis Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Ferrara, Pietro, P Ferreira de Oliveira, Jos?? Miguel, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Fischer, Florian, A Fonseca, Diogo, Gaewkhiew, Piyada, Gallus, Silvano, Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana, Singh Gill, Paramjit, Gorini, Giuseppe, Kondale Gurara, Mekde, Tasdik Hasan, M, J Havmoeller, Rasmu, Heibati, Behzad, E Hellemons, Merel, Hussain, Salman, Johnson, Olatunji, J??risson, Mikk, Karch, Andr??, Kivim??ki, Mika, Klugar, Miloslav, Klugarov??, Jitka, Nahar Koly, Kamrun, Koyanagi, Ai, P Kurmi, Om, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lamnisos, Demetri, Langguth, Berthold, O Larsson, Ander, Lauriola, Paolo, H Lee, Paul, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, An, Linehan, Christine, L??pez-Bueno, Rub??n, A Loureiro, Joana, Lunevicius, Raimunda, A Magee, Laura, Giulia Magnani, Francesca, Majeed, Azeem, G Mathioudakis, Alexander, J McGrath, John, A Mentis, Alexios-Fotio, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mirica, Andreea, Mondello, Stefania, Munblit, Daniel, Nena, Evangelia, M Noor, Nurulamin, Nowak, Christoph, Ntaios, George, Ebuka Nwatah, Vincent, Otoiu, Adrian, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pedersini, Paolo, L Pe??alvo, Jos??, Pensato, Umberto, Perico, Norberto, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Raggi, Alberto, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Ur Rehman, Faizan, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Riad, Abanoub, Rodriguez, Alina, Sacco, Simona, Safdarian, Mahdi, Sattin, Davide, Scarmeas, Nikolao, Schlee, Winfried, Schwendicke, Falk, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Tadesse Sharew, Nigussie, Shiri, Rahman, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shivarov, Velizar, Pedro Silva, Jo??o, R Simpson, Colin, T Skou, S??ren, Socea, Bogdan, N Soyiri, Ireneou, Steiropoulos, Paschali, Straif, Kurt, Sun, Xiaohui, Tabar??s-Seisdedos, Rafael, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani, Topouzis, Foti, Unim, Brigid, Van den Eynde, Jef, Veroux, Massimiliano, Vinko, Matej, S Violante, Francesco, Volovici, Victor, Wang, Yanzhong, Esmaeil Yadegarfar, Mohammad, Zumla, Alimuddin, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, mortality burden, Adolescent, RJ, RJ101, Care, Global Burden of Disease, Life Expectancy, RJ101 Child Health. Child health services, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Risk Factors, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Disabled Persons, Noncommunicable Diseases, Future, Determinants, MCC, Disability, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Burden of non-communicable diseases among adolescents aged 10–24 years in the EU, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, 3rd-DAS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, n/a, Health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, RA
Abstract: Background:Disability and mortality burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen worldwide; however, the NCD burden among adolescents remains poorly described in the EU. Methods:Estimates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Causes of NCDs were analysed at three different levels of the GBD 2019 hierarchy, for which mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were extracted. Estimates, with the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were retrieved for EU Member States from 1990 to 2019, three age subgroups (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years), and by sex. Spearman's correlation was conducted between DALY rates for NCDs and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) of each EU Member State. Findings:In 2019, NCDs accounted for 86·4% (95% uncertainty interval 83·5–88·8) of all YLDs and 38·8% (37·4–39·8) of total deaths in adolescents aged 10–24 years. For NCDs in this age group, neoplasms were the leading causes of both mortality (4·01 [95% uncertainty interval 3·62–4·25] per 100 000 population) and YLLs (281·78 [254·25–298·92] per 100 000 population), whereas mental disorders were the leading cause for YLDs (2039·36 [1432·56–2773·47] per 100 000 population) and DALYs (2040·59 [1433·96–2774·62] per 100 000 population) in all EU Member States, and in all studied age groups. In 2019, among adolescents aged 10–24 years, males had a higher mortality rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs than females (11·66 [11·04–12·28]vs7·89 [7·53–8·23]), whereas females presented a higher DALY rate per 100 000 population due to NCDs (8003·25 [5812·78–10 701·59]vs6083·91 [4576·63–7857·92]). From 1990 to 2019, mortality rate due to NCDs in adolescents aged 10–24 years substantially decreased (–40·41% [–43·00 to –37·61), and also the YLL rate considerably decreased (–40·56% [–43·16 to –37·74]), except for mental disorders (which increased by 32·18% [1·67 to 66·49]), whereas the YLD rate increased slightly (1·44% [0·09 to 2·79]). Positive correlations were observed between DALY rates and SDIs for substance use disorders (rs=0·58, p=0·0012) and skin and subcutaneous diseases (rs=0·45, p=0·017), whereas negative correlations were found between DALY rates and SDIs for cardiovascular diseases (rs=–0·46, p=0·015), neoplasms (rs=–0·57, p=0·0015), and sense organ diseases (rs=–0·61, p=0·0005). Interpretation:NCD-related mortality has substantially declined among adolescents in the EU between 1990 and 2019, but the rising trend of YLL attributed to mental disorders and their YLD burden are concerning. Differences by sex, age group, and across EU Member States highlight the importance of preventive interventions and scaling up adolescent-responsive health-care systems, which should prioritise specific needs by sex, age, and location. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022

12. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Non-Communicable Diseases among Adults Aged ≥50 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author: Smith, L, López Sánchez, G F, Veronese, N, Soysal, P, Oh, H, Barnett, Y, Keyes, H, Butler, L, Allen, P, Kostev, K, Jacob, L, Shin, J I, Koyanagi, A, Smith, L, López Sánchez, G F, Veronese, N, Soysal, P, Oh, H, Barnett, Y, Keyes, H, Butler, L, Allen, P, Kostev, K, Jacob, L, Shin, J I, and Koyanagi, A
Subjects: Male, Lung Diseases, Nutrition and Dietetics, Vision Disorders, Medicine (miscellaneous), Diet, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fruit, Vegetables, Humans, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Noncommunicable Diseases, Developing Countries, Fruit and vegetable, adults, epidemiology, low- and middle-income countries, non-communicable disease
Abstract: Objectives The relationship between consuming ≥2 servings of fruits and ≥3 servings of vegetables a day, which has been identified as optimal for health (i.e., adequate fruit/vegetable consumption), and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely unknown. Therefore, using data from six LMICs, we investigated the independent association between inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption and 12 NCDs, and estimated the prevalence of inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption among people with NCDs. Design and Setting Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Participants Data on 34129 individuals aged ≥50 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0); maximum age 114 years; 52.1% females]. Measurements Information on the number of servings of fruits and vegetables consumed on a typical day was self-reported. Twelve NCDs were assessed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results Overall, 67.2% had inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption. Inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption was independently associated with significantly higher odds for chronic lung disease (OR=1.25), diabetes (OR=1.45), hearing problems (OR=1.75), and visual impairment (OR=2.50). The prevalence of inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption was particularly high among people with visual impairment (92.5%), depression (90.5%), asthma (79.8%), and hearing problems (78.4%). Conclusion Promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption (≥2 servings of fruits and ≥3 servings of vegetables a day) in LMICs may lead to prevention of some NCDs (e.g., diabetes, chronic lung disease). Furthermore, people with certain NCDs (e.g., visual impairment, depression) had particularly high prevalence of inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption, and it is thus important to target this population to increase fruit/vegetable consumption.
Published: 2022

13. Sex-Differential Associations Between Body Mass Index and the Incidence of Dementia

Author: Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Marcel Konrad, Josep Maria Haro, Jae Il Shin, and Karel Kostev
Subjects: Male, Incidence, General Neuroscience, General Medicine, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Sex Factors, Thinness, Risk Factors, Humans, Dementia, Female, Obesity, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background: Little is known about the sex differences in the association between body mass index (BMI) and dementia in late life. Objective: Therefore, this retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze associations between BMI and dementia in older women and men separately in general practices in Germany. Methods: This study included patients followed in one of 832 general practices in Germany between 2006 and 2019 (index date: first visit date). Study variables included dementia (dependent variable), BMI (independent variable), age, sex, and comorbidities (control variables). Kaplan-Meier curves and adjusted Cox regression analyses were conducted to analyze associations between BMI and the 10-year incidence of dementia in women and men, separately. Results: There were 296,767 patients included in this study (mean [standard deviation] age 70.2 [5.9] years; 54.3% women). The proportion of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 0.9%, 25.5%, 41.5%, and 32.1%, respectively. The 10-year incidence of dementia significantly decreased with increasing BMI, from 11.5% in women with underweight to 9.1% in those with obesity (log-rank p
Published: 2022

14. Ambulation status at an acute care hospital predicts pneumonia and mortality in stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study

Author: Kota Yamauchi, Kenichi Kumagae, Kei Goto, Eisei Harayama, Shota Tanaka, Risa Hagiwara, Yoshiko Uchida, Sota Kuroyama, Yasuhiro Koyanagi, and Shuji Arakawa
Subjects: Male, Stroke, Stroke Rehabilitation, Humans, Female, Pneumonia, Walking, General Medicine, Hospitals, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Higher post-stroke functional performance is associated with lower mortality in patients with stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ambulation ability in the acute phase of stroke, and pneumonia and mortality 1 year after stroke onset.This retrospective cohort study included consecutive stroke patients between April 2008 and December 2018. Patients were divided into six groups according to their Functional Ambulation Category score at discharge (0 [unable to walk] to 5 [able to walk independently]). We observed pneumonia cases and all-cause mortality over 1 year, and investigated the association between Functional Ambulation Category score and pneumonia or mortality. Survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests and Cox regression models.We analyzed 1727 consecutive patients (median age 77 years; 54% men). During the observation period, 144 patients (8.3%) experienced pneumonia and 157 (9.1%) died. Increasing ambulatory impairment showed stepwise relationships with the risk of pneumonia and mortality. Compared with patients with a Functional Ambulation Category score of 5, those with scores of 4 and 3 showed no significant association with pneumonia risk; a score ≤2 was significantly different. There was a stepwise relationship between increased gait disturbance and risk of death compared with the Functional Ambulation Category 5 group.Ambulation ability at discharge from an acute hospital is an important predictor of pneumonia incidence and survival in stroke patients at 1 year; these associations were observed even after controlling for clinical parameters, such as stroke severity and comorbidity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 554-559.
Published: 2022

15. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, CP, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, Tantawi, ME, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, AA, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Gnedovskaya, EV, Godinho, MA, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, 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M., Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ward J.L., Azzopardi P.S., Francis K.L., Santelli J.S., Skirbekk V., Sawyer S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Mokdad A.H., Hay S.I., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshari K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Aji B., Akombi-Inyang B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R.K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari 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F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury M.A.K., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Constantin T.V., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De la Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Dervenis N., Desai R., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Doshi C.P., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Ebtehaj S., Edvardsson D., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gallus S., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A.A., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Grivna M., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T.G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haririan H., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hashi A., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Intarut N., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iso H., Ivers R.Q., Jahani M.A., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jeemon P., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jones K.M., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Juliusson P.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kaur S., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaie H., Khoja A.T., Kieling C., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kivimaki M., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lan Q., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z.S., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Leung J., Levi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li M.-C., Li S., Lim L.-L., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Maddison R., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., McGrath J.J., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U.O., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J.L., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nie J., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nomura S., Noubiap J.J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omar Bali A., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Overland S., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panelo C.I.A., Park E.-K., Patten S.B., Peden A.E., Pepito V.C.F., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pesudovs K., Pham H.Q., Phillips M.R., Piradov M.A., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prada S.I., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee M.H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Rickard J., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roth G.A., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sattin D., Saxena D., Saxena S., Schiavolin S., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shakiba S., Shamsi M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty B.S.K., Shi P., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Singh V., Sinke A.H., Skryabin V.Y., Slater H., Smith E.U.R., Sobhiyeh M.R., Sobngwi E., Soheili A., Somefun O.D., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stein D.J., Stokes M.A., Sudaryanto A., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Thankappan K.R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R.S., Tsai A.C., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Venketasubramanian N., Villeneuve P.J., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vos T., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zaidi S.S., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zarei A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhu C., Patton G.C., Viner R.M., Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Ward, J, Azzopardi, P, Francis, K, Santelli, J, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, S, Kassebaum, N, Mokdad, A, Hay, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, A, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, C, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, E, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Bakhshaei, M, Bakkannavar, S, Banach, M, Banik, P, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, T, Bell, A, Bell, M, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berhe, A, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, T, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chang, H, Chang, J, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J, Chowdhury, M, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Constantin, T, Costa, V, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, C, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, K, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, El Tantawi, M, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gesesew, H, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Juliusson, P, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kaur, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Lim, S, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Muriithi, M, Murray, C, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nie, J, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Park, E, Patten, S, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, and Viner, R
Subjects: Male, Joves -- Mortalitat, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, CHILDREN, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, RA0421, Cause of Death, Medicine, Young adult, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Mortality rate, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, MIDDLE-INCOME, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adolescent health, INTERVENTIONS, Human, SUICIDE, Total fertility rate, Population, Adolescent Health, Adolescents -- Mortalitat, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, QUALITY, Medicine [Science], Social determinants of health, INCOME COUNTRIES, education, business.industry, TRENDS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, INJURIES, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

16. Association between cooking fuels and mild cognitive impairment among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries

Author: Smith, Lee, Pizzol, Damiano, López Sánchez, Guillermo F, Kostev, Karel, Oh, Hans, Jacob, Louis, Veronese, Nicola, Underwood, Benjamin R, Butler, Laurie, Barnett, Yvonne, Tully, Mark A, Koyanagi, Ai, Smith, Lee, Pizzol, Damiano, López Sánchez, Guillermo F, Kostev, Karel, Oh, Han, Jacob, Loui, Veronese, Nicola, Underwood, Benjamin R, Butler, Laurie, Barnett, Yvonne, Tully, Mark A, Koyanagi, Ai, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Tully, Mark A [0000-0001-9710-4014]
Subjects: 692/700/478, 692/700, cooking, indoor air pollution, Multidisciplinary, article, developing country, 692/700/459, Coal, Cross-Sectional Studies, female, male, Air Pollution, Indoor, cognitive defect, Humans, cross-sectional study, Cognitive Dysfunction, human, Developing Countries
Abstract: There is a small body of evidence suggesting that unclean cooking fuel use may be associated with cognitive decline. However, to date, no study has investigated the association between unclean cooking fuel and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, we investigated the association between cooking fuel type or ventilation type and MCI among adults aged ≥ 65 years using nationally representative datasets from six low- and middle-income countries. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. MCI was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Unclean cooking fuel referred to kerosene/paraffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. Data on 13,623 individuals were analyzed [mean (SD) age 72.8 (11.0) years; 45.5% males]. Unclean cooking fuel (vs. clean cooking fuel) was associated with a significant 1.48 (95% CI = 1.08–2.03) times higher odds for MCI. Having no chimney or hood for cooking ventilation was also associated with significantly higher odds for MCI (OR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.25–2.84). Unclean cooking fuel use and lack of chimney or hood for cooking ventilation were associated with higher odds for MCI. Findings support the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Goal 7, which advocates affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all, as this may also help reduce MCI and ultimately dementia.
Published: 2022

17. The global burden of sudden infant death syndrome from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

Author: S Park, J H Han, J Hwang, D K Yon, S W Lee, J H Kim, A Koyanagi, L Jacob, H Oh, K Kostev, E Dragioti, J Radua, H S Eun, J I Shin, and L Smith
Subjects: Male, Cost of Illness, Risk Factors, Humans, Infant, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, General Medicine, Global Health, Sudden Infant Death, Global Burden of Disease
Abstract: Summary Background Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) still remains one of the leading causes of infant death worldwide, especially in high-income countries. To date, however, there is no detailed information on the global health burden of SIDS. Aims To characterize the global disease burden of SIDS and its trends from 1990 to 2019 and to compare the burden of SIDS according to the socio-demographic index (SDI). Design Systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data. Methods Epidemiological data of 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were collected via various methods including civil registration and vital statistics in the original GBD study. Estimates for mortality and disease burden of SIDS were modeled. Crude mortality and mortality rates per 100 000 population were analyzed. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and DALY rates were also assessed. Results In 2019, mortality rate of SIDS accounted for 20.98 [95% Uncertainty Interval, 9.15–46.16] globally, which was a 51% decrease from 1990. SIDS was most prevalent in Western sub-Saharan Africa, High-income North America and Oceania in 2019. The burden of SIDS was higher in males than females consistently from 1990 to 2019. Higher SDI and income level was associated with lower burden of SIDS; furthermore, countries with higher SDI and income had greater decreases in SIDS burden from 1990 to 2019. Conclusions The burden of SIDS has decreased drastically from 1990 to 2019. However, the improvements have occurred disproportionately between regions and SDI levels. Focused preventive efforts in under-resourced populations are needed.
Published: 2022

18. Association between germline pathogenic variants and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: The HERPACC study

Author: Yumiko Kasugai, Tomohiro Kohmoto, Yukari Taniyama, Yuriko N. Koyanagi, Yoshiaki Usui, Madoka Iwase, Isao Oze, Rui Yamaguchi, Hidemi Ito, Issei Imoto, and Keitaro Matsuo
Subjects: Cancer Research, Breast Neoplasms, General Medicine, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, United States, Germ Cells, Logistic Models, Japan, Oncology, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Approximately 5%-10% of breast cancers are hereditary, caused by germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in breast cancer predisposition genes. To date, most studies of the prevalence of GPVs and risk of breast cancer for each gene based on cases and noncancer controls have been conducted in Europe and the United States, and little information from Japanese populations is available. Furthermore, no studies considered confounding by established environmental factors and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) together in GPV evaluation. To evaluate the association between GPVs in nine established breast cancer predisposition genes including BRCA1/2 and breast cancer risk in Japanese women comprehensively, we conducted a case-control study within the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (629 cases and 1153 controls). The associations between GPVs and the risk of breast cancer were assessed by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. A total of 25 GPVs were detected among all cases (4.0%: 95% CI: 2.6-5.9), whereas four individuals carried GPVs in all controls (0.4%). The OR for breast cancer by all GPVs and by GPVs in BRCA1/2 was 12.2 (4.4-34.0, p = 1.74E-06) and 16.0 (4.2-60.9, p = 5.03E-0.5), respectively. A potential confounding with GPVs was observed for the GWAS-identified SNPs, whereas not for established environmental risk factors. In conclusion, GPVs increase the risk of breast cancer in Japanese women regardless of environmental factors and GWAS-identified SNPs. Future studies investigating interactions with environment and SNPs are warranted.
Published: 2022

19. Factor V Leiden and the 10-year incidence of depression: A retrospective cohort study conducted in Germany

Author: Louis Jacob, Christina Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Josep Maria Haro, Jae Il Shin, and Karel Kostev
Subjects: Male, Psychiatry and Mental health, Depression, Incidence, Factor V, Humans, Female, Biological Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: There is limited literature on the long-term relationship between the diagnosis of factor V Leiden (FVL) and depression. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the association between FVL and the 10-year incidence of depression in Germany. Patients diagnosed with FVL for the first time in one of 1,274 general practices in Germany between 2000 and 2019 were included in this study (index date). Patients without FVL were matched (1:5) to those with FVL by sex, age, index year, and the average number of consultations per year. In individuals without FVL, index date corresponded to a randomly selected visit date between 2000 and 2019. The association between the diagnosis of FVL and the 10-year incidence of depression was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. This study included 1,070 patients with and 5,350 patients without FVL (64.9% women; 46.0 [16.5] years). Ten years after the index date, 21.4% and 14.1% of individuals with and without FVL were diagnosed with depression, respectively (log-rank p-value
Published: 2022

20. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., 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Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract: Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020

21. Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality

Author: Zohreh Arefi, Rasmus Havmoeller, Pietro Ferrara, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Payman Salamati, Agegnehu Bante Getenet, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Alexander C. Tsai, Andrew T Olagunju, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Tim Driscoll, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Taras Kavetskyy, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Richard C. Franklin, Naznin Hossain, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Morteza Naserbakht, Sangram Kishor Patel, Vera Marisa Costa, Suzanne Polinder, Ziad El-Khatib, Ashish Pathak, Mika Shigematsu, Bryan L. Sykes, David M. Pigott, Zeleke Aschalew Melketsedik, Hadi Hassankhani, Nuworza Kugbey, Lal B. Rawal, Masoud Foroutan, Dejana Braithwaite, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Grant M. A. Wyper, Joht Singh Chandan, Akbar Barzegar, Hamid Safarpour, Kate E. LeGrand, Giulio Castelpietra, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Amin Soheili, Azeem Majeed, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Walter Mendoza, Ghulam Mustafa, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Pengpeng Ye, Mahesh P A, Carlos Miguel Rios González, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Masoud Moradi, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Mohammad Rabiee, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Jack T Fox, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Pallab K. Maulik, Ai-Min Wu, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Fatemeh Rajati, Nathaniel J Henry, David C. Schwebel, Ali H. Mokdad, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Leonardo Roever, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Khalid A Altirkawi, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Farhad Ghamari, Ramesh Holla, Arash Sarveazad, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Suresh Jungari, Rohan Borschmann, Irfan Ullah, Nitin Joseph, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Abdallah M. Samy, Roman Topor-Madry, Michal Grivna, Ivo Rakovac, Mohammad Zamani, Antonio Maria Borzì, Atif Amin Baig, Mohsen Bayati, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Juanita A. Haagsma, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Mehdi Sayyah, Teshome Abegaz Kamil, Fakher Rahim, Dillon O Sylte, Feng Sha, Palash Chandra Banik, Mohan Bairwa, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Yong Yu, Delia Hendrie, Spencer L. James, Anusha Ganapati Bhat, Seok Jun Yoon, Siavash Rahimi, Jost B. Jonas, Michael R. Phillips, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Roba Khundkar, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Joemer C. Maravilla, Eleonora Dubljanin, Arun Balachandran, Arman Latifi, Randah R. Hamadeh, G. K. Mini, Alessandra C. Goulart, Andreea Mirica, Fatemeh Zarei, Habte Belete, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Maseer Khan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Atte Meretoja, Jasvinder A. Singh, Guilherme Borges, Yasir Waheed, Fahad Alanezi, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Guoqing Hu, Archith Boloor, Luca Ronfani, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Yonatal Mesfin Tefera, Yousef Khader, Adnan Kisa, Simon I. Hay, Takeshi Fukumoto, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Yuichiro Yano, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Ghasem Azarian, Sezer Kisa, Basema Saddik, Leake Gebremeskel, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Priya Rathi, Ali Bijani, Smita Pakhale, Francesco Saverio Violante, Neeraj Bedi, Efat Mohamadi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Marek Majdan, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Richard Ofori-Asenso, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Monika Sawhney, Ayman Grada, Prasanna Mithra, Shanshan Li, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erin B Hamilton, Hung Chak Ho, Zichen Liu, Irini Chatziralli, Paulo A. Lotufo, Yuming Guo, Daniel N. Kiirithio, Hamidreza Komaki, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Yoosik Youm, Kebreab Paulos, Saqib Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, M. Mofizul Islam, Ahad Bakhtiari, Karen M. Tabb, Davood Anvari, Tomislav Mestrovic, Yunquan Zhang, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Naohiro Yonemoto, Rupak Desai, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani, Carlo La Vecchia, Amrit Banstola, Niguse Meles Alema, Shivakumar K.M. Kondlahalli, Soraya Seedat, Filippo Ariani, Chi Linh Hoang, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Erika Ota, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Van C. Lansingh, Mohammed Madadin, Mostafa Dianati Nasab, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Dinh-Toi Chu, Bach Xuan Tran, Till Bärnighausen, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Bereket Duko Adema, In-Hwan Oh, Paul S. F. Yip, Ionut Negoi, Eduarda Fernandes, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Kelly Jones, Mahdi Safdarian, Josep Maria Haro, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Diego De Leo, Khanh Bao Tran, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Yasser S. Amer, Tommi Vasankari, Vasily Vlassov, Jose C. Adsuar, Zoubida Zaidi, Asadollah Gholamian, Theo Vos, Nauman Khalid, Malke Asaad, André Faro, Rushdia Ahmed, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Hoa Thi Do, Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Shoaib Hassan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Gurudatta Naik, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Mustafa Z. Younis, Farid Najafi, Ester Cerin, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Javad Nazari, Joel M. Francis, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Farahnaz Joukar, Babak Moazen, Kebede Deribe, Nithin Kumar, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Getinet Ayano, Serge Resnikoff, Mark A. Stokes, Alaa Badawi, Narinder Kumar, Habibolah Khazaie, Sojib Bin Zaman, Faris Lami, Jens R. Chapman, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Dhirendra N Sinha, Engida Yisma, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Junaid Khan, Shane D. Morrison, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ata Rafiee, Hadush Gebremariam, Oghenowede Eyawo, Amir Hasanzadeh, Ana Laura Manda, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Narayana Manjunatha, Navid Manafi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Ferrán Catalá-López, Hossein Poustchi, Ghobad Moradi, Suliman Alghnam, Tinuke O Olagunju, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Sorin Hostiuc, Jalal Arabloo, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Chris D Castle, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Mariam Molokhia, Gaurav Gupta, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Isabela M. Benseñor, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Atalay Goshu Muluneh, Young Eun Kim, Olatunde Aremu, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Jae Il Shin, Berhe Etsay Tesfay, Neha Chaudhary, Juan Sanabria, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Sanni Yaya, Rekha Thapar, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Maciej Banach, Salman Rawaf, Nicholas L S Roberts, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Manoochehr Karami, Derrick A Bennett, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Soheil Hassanipour, Ashish Badiye, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Obinna Onwujekwe, Kewal Krishan, João Coelho, Ahmed Abdelalim, Kerrie E. Doyle, Tomasz Miazgowski, Rahman Shiri, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Navid Rabiee, Nikita Otstavnov, Brian J. Hall, Olalekan A. Uthman, Rohollah Kalhor, Swayam Prakash, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Ted R. Miller, Rebecca Ivers, Chuanhua Yu, Pascual R. Valdez, Martha Híjar, Taweewat Wiangkham, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi, Ravi Prakash Jha, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Aidin Abedi, Savita Lasrado, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Yousef Veisani, Ayenew Kassie Tesema, Amir Radfar, Pawan Faris, Oladimeji Adebayo, Fares Alahdab, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Cyrus Alinia, Era Upadhyay, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Ahmed Omar Bali, Farshad Farzadfar, Vivek Kumar, Sanghamitra Pati, Gholamreza Roshandel, Daiane Borges Machado, Yuan-Pang Wang, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Jeevan Pereira, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Soraya Siabani, Kamarul Imran Musa, Farshad Pourmalek, Janet L Leasher, Shafiu Mohammed, Shyam Sundar Budhathoki, Mehdi Naderi, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Eun-Kee Park, Marwa Rashad Salem, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Paolo Lauriola, Amir Kasaeian, Adam Belay Wondmieneh, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Rovshan Khalilov, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Ai Koyanagi, Shailesh Advani, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Nihad A. Almasri, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Salman Khazaei, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Matthew Cunningham, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Hosni Salem, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Amy E. Peden, Rajaram Yadav, Srikanta Banerjee, Kenean Getaneh Tlaye, Ronan A Lyons, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Soufiane Boufous, Leila R Kalankesh, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Getnet Gedefaw, Tauseef Ahmad, Faramarz Shaahmadi, Hamed Zandian, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Dawit Habte Woldeyes, Robert C. Reiner, Rakhi Dandona, Akram Pourshams, Lorainne Tudor Car, Inbal Salz, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Farnam Mohebi, A. A. Fomenkov, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Benjamin B. Massenburg, Yousef Mohammad, Arash Ziapour, Zabihollah Yousefi, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Neeti Kapoor, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Vinod C. Nayak, Yoshan Moodley, Venkatesh Maled, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Saif Ullah, Anwar Rafay, Ali Koolivand, Ibrahim A Khalil, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Vinay Nangia, Tanuj Kanchan, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Traolach S. Brugha, Michael K. Hole, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Pankaj Singh, Rosario Cárdenas, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Sanjay Zodpey, Birhanu Geta, Amaha Kahsay, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Samer Hamidi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Peter Memiah, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Daniel Y. Cho, Keyvan Pakshir, Aziz Rezapour, R V Polibin, Sudha Jayaraman, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Amir Manafi, Berhe Gebremichael, Ali Yadollahpour, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Alan D. Lopez, Masoud Behzadifar, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Ali Kabir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Sanofi, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HUS Neurocenter, James, S. L., Castle, C. D., Dingels, Z. V., Fox, J. T., Hamilton, E. B., Liu, Z., Roberts, N. L. S., Sylte, D. O., Bertolacci, G. J., Cunningham, M., Henry, N. J., Legrand, K. E., Abdelalim, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulkader, R. S., Abedi, A., Abegaz, K. H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adsuar, J. C., Advani, S. M., Agudelo-Botero, M., Ahmad, T., Ahmed, M. B., Ahmed, R., Aichour, M. T. E., Alahdab, F., Alanezi, F. M., Alema, N. M., Alemu, B. W., Alghnam, S. A., Ali, B. A., Ali, S., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Altirkawi, K., Amer, Y. S. A., Andrei, C. L., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Arora, A., Asaad, M., Quintanilla, B. P. A., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Azarian, G., Badawi, A., Badiye, A. D., Baig, A. A., Bairwa, M., Bakhtiari, A., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Banstola, A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barzegar, A., Bayati, M., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bedi, N., Behzadifar, M., Belete, H., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, K., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A. G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Bibi, S., Bijani, A., Boloor, A., Borges, G., Borschmann, R., Borzi, A. M., Boufous, S., Braithwaite, D., Briko, N. I., Brugha, T., Budhathoki, S. S., Car, J., Cardenas, R., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chapman, J. R., Chattu, V. K., Chattu, S. K., Chatziralli, I., Chaudhary, N., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. 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A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J. A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Haro, J. M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassan, S., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H. Y., Havmoeller, R., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Hijar, M., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Inbaraj, L. R., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jha, R. P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jungari, S. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T. A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H. G., Kavetskyy, T., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I. A., Khalilov, R., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, J., Khanna, T., Khazaei, S., Khazaie, H., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, D., Kisa, S., Kisa, A., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S. K. M., Koolivand, A., Korshunov, V. A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M. U. G., Krishan, K., Defo, B. K., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, N., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Kumaresh, G., Lami, F. H., Lansingh, V. C., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Vecchia, C. L., Leasher, J. L., Lee, S. W. H., Li, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A. D., Lotufo, P. A., Lyons, R. A., Machado, D. B., Madadin, M., Abd El Razek, M. M., Mahotra, N. B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Maled, V., Malta, D. C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A. -L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansournia, M. A., Maravilla, J. C., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Maulik, P. K., Mehndiratta, M. M., Melketsedik, Z. A., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, M. M., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H. 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Subjects: Male, Populations/contexts, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Global injuries, population, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, contexts, context, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, Data, populations/contexts, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, methodology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Female, Public Health, TERRITORIES, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Disabilities, 195 COUNTRIES, statistical issue, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Life Expectancy, Environmental health, Injury prevention, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, statistical issues, Humans, Mortality, Estimation, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, populations, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1701 Psychology, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, 1701 Psychology, Life expectancy, Estimates, Human medicine, populations/context
Abstract: Background. While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future. Seyed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Alaa Badawi acknowledges support by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Till Bärnighausen acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Traolach Brugha received support from NatCen Social Research (http://natcen.ac.uk/) via NHS Digital and Department of Health and Social Care London, for the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) programme. Felix Carvalho received support from UID/MULTI/04378/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera M Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Kebede Deribe is supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust [grant number 201900] as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Tim Driscoll acknowledges that work on occupational risk factors was partially supported by funds from the World Health Organization. Eduarda Fernandes acknowledges support from UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Yuming Guo acknowledges support from Career Development Fellowships of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (numbers APP1107107 and APP1163693). Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam is funded by a Fellowship from National Heart Foundation of Australia and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges support by the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the Grant number OI175014; publication of results was not contingent upon Ministry's censorship or approval. Sudha Jayaraman acknowledges support from: NIH R21: 1R21TW010439-01A1 (PI); Rotary Foundation Global Grant #GG1749568 (PI); NIH P20: 1P20CA210284-01A1 (Co-PI) and DOD grant W81XWH-16-2-0040 (Co-I), during the period of this study. Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from a grant from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [grant number: XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001]. Kewal Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Mansai Kumar acknowledges support from FIC/ NIH K43 1K43MH114320-01. Amanda Mason-Jones acknowledges support by the University of York. Mariam Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Ilais Moreno Velasquez is supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI, Senacyt, Panama). Mukhammad David Naimzada acknowledges support from Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Duduzile Ndwandwe acknowledges support from Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council. Stanislav S. Otstavnov acknowledges the support from the Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No – 075-02-2019-967). Ashish Pathak acknowledges support from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India (Grant number 2013-1253). Michael R Phillips acknowledges support in part by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81761128031). Abdallah M. Samy received a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena Santric Milicevic acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA. Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Sojib Bin Zaman acknowledges support from an "Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship.
Published: 2020

22. Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Avina Vongpradith, Sarah Brooke Sirota, Amanda Novotney, Christopher E Troeger, Matthew C Doxey, Rose G Bender, Jorge R Ledesma, Molly H Biehl, Samuel B Albertson, Joseph Jon Frostad, Katrin Burkart, Fiona B Bennitt, Jeff T Zhao, William M Gardner, Hailey Hagins, Dana Bryazka, Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez, Semagn Mekonnen Abate, Michael Abdelmasseh, Amir Abdoli, Gholamreza Abdoli, Aidin Abedi, Vida Abedi, Tadesse M Abegaz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Kidist Adamu, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Jivan Qasim Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Hanadi Al Hamad, Luciana Albano, Mamoon A Aldeyab, Bezatu Mengistie Alemu, Kefyalew Addis Alene, 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Francesco Barone-Adesi, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Azadeh Bashiri, Quique Bassat, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Abate Bekele Belachew, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Parth Bhatt, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Soumitra S Bhuyan, Ali Bijani, Saeid Bitaraf, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Danilo Buonsenso, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Jiao Cai, Paulo Camargos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Muluken Genetu Chanie, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Patrick R Ching, Sungchul Choi, Yuen Yu Chong, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Natalie L Cobb, Aaron J Cohen, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omid Dadras, Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, An Thi Minh Dao, Sisay Abebe Debela, Biniyam Demisse, Fitsum Wolde Demisse, Solomon Demissie, Diriba Dereje, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Abebaw 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S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nejadghaderi, S, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Nogueira de Sa, A, Nouraei, H, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okekunle, A, Okonji, O, Olagunju, A, Olufadewa, I, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Oren, E, Ota, E, Otstavnov, N, Oulhaj, A, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pakzad, R, Palicz, T, Pandey, A, Pant, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Paudel, R, Pawar, S, Peng, M, Pereira, G, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Petcu, I, Pigott, D, Piracha, Z, Podder, V, Polibin, R, Postma, M, Pourasghari, H, Pourtaheri, N, Qadir, M, Raad, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Raeghi, S, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmanian, V, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rani, U, Rao, S, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, M, Rasul, A, Ratan, Z, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Redwan, E, Reitsma, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaeian, M, Riad, A, Rikhtegar, R, Rodriguez, J, Rogowski, E, Ronfani, L, Rudd, K, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeed, U, Safary, A, Safi, S, Sahebazzamani, M, Sahebkar, A, Sakhamuri, S, Salehi, S, Salman, M, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Sarkhosh, M, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, G, Seidu, A, Seylani, A, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shamshad, H, Sharew, M, Sharhani, A, Sharifi, A, Sharma, P, Sheidaei, A, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shirzad-Aski, H, Shivakumar, K, Shivalli, S, Shobeiri, P, Simegn, W, Simpson, C, Singh, H, Singh, J, Singh, P, Siwal, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soltani-Zangbar, M, Song, S, Song, Y, Sood, P, Sreeramareddy, C, Steiropoulos, P, Suleman, M, Tabatabaeizadeh, S, Tahamtan, A, Taheri, M, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taki, E, Talaat, I, Tampa, M, Tandukar, S, Tat, N, Tat, V, Tefera, Y, Temesgen, G, Temsah, M, Tesfaye, A, Tesfaye, D, Tessema, B, Thapar, R, Ticoalu, J, Tiyuri, A, Tleyjeh, I, Togtmol, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tufa, D, Ullah, I, Upadhyay, E, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Valizadeh, R, Vardavas, C, Vasankari, T, Vo, B, Vu, L, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Waris, A, West, T, Wickramasinghe, N, Xu, X, Yaghoubi, S, Yahya, G, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yon, D, Yonemoto, N, Zaman, B, Zandifar, A, Zangiabadian, M, Zar, H, Zare, I, Zareshahrabadi, Z, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeng, W, Zhang, M, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zoladl, M, Zumla, A, Lim, S, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Brauer, M, Hay, S, Murray, C, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Oncology
Subjects: Adult, Male, Global Health, Time, Global Burden of Disease, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Humans, Ambient air-quality, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, MCC, Sex Characteristics, Malnutrition, Pyridinolcarbamate, Bayes Theorem, 3rd-DAS, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Infectious Diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Child, Preschool, Female, Particulate Matter, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Covid-19, LRI
Abstract: Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Background: The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories. Methods: In this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466–469, 470.0, 480–482.8, 483.0–483.9, 484.1–484.2, 484.6–484.7, and 487–489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4–B97.6, J09–J15.8, J16–J16.9, J20–J21.9, J91.0, P23.0–P23.4, and U04–U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age–sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age–sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors. Findings: Globally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240–275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217–248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18–1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07–1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16–1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23–1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4–131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4–115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (–70·7% [–77·2 to –61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7–61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7–65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5–14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6–35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3–35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4–25·2) in those aged 15–49 years, 30·5% (24·1–36·9) in those aged 50–69 years, and 21·9% (16·8–27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5–27·9) in those aged 15–49 years and 18·2% (12·5–24·5) in those aged 50–69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2–15·8) of LRI deaths. Interpretation: The patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities. Publisher PDF
Published: 2022

23. Association of food insecurity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults aged ≥50 years from low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Christina Carmichael, Louis Jacob, Karel Kostev, Igor Grabovac, Yvonne Barnett, Laurie Butler, Rosie K. Lindsay, Damiano Pizzol, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Ai Koyanagi, Smith, Lee, Shin, Jae Il, Carmichael, Christina, Jacob, Loui, Kostev, Karel, Grabovac, Igor, Barnett, Yvonne, Butler, Laurie, Lindsay, Rosie K, Pizzol, Damiano, Veronese, Nicola, Soysal, Pinar, Koyanagi, Ai, SOYSAL, PINAR, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Yonsei University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), IQVIA, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, ICREA Infection Biology Laboratory (Department of Experimental and Health Sciences), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), National Institute on Aging, NIA: OGHA 04034785, R01-AG034479, R21-AG034263, Y1-AG-1005–01, YA1323–08-CN-0020, This paper uses data from WHO's Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785 , YA1323–08-CN-0020 , Y1-AG-1005–01 and through research grants R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263 ., and European Project: 671500,H2020,H2020-FETHPC-2014,SAGE(2015)
Subjects: Male, Low- and middle-income countries, Suicide, Attempted, Suicidal Ideation, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Food Insecurity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Association of food insecurity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults aged ≥50 years from low- and middle-income countries.-, Journal of affective disorders, 2022, Risk Factors, Older adults, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Food insecurity, Low- and middle-income countries, Older adults, Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempts, Humans, Female, Developing Countries, Suicide attempts, Aged
Abstract: Background-\ud \ud The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between food insecurity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults aged ≥50 years from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).\ud \ud Methods-\ud \ud Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organisation's Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Self-reported information on past 12-month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was collected. Past 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between food insecurity and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.\ud \ud Results-\ud \ud The final analytical sample included 34,129 individuals aged ≥50 years [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0) years; 52.1% females]. Compared to no food insecurity, severe food insecurity was associated with a significant 2.78 (95%CI = 1.73–4.45) times higher odds for suicidal ideation, while moderate and severe food insecurity were associated with 2.59 (95%CI = 1.35–4.97) and 5.15 (95%CI = 2.52–10.53) times higher odds for suicide attempts, respectively.\ud \ud Limitations-\ud \ud The cross-sectional design, the use of self-reported wish to die as a measure of suicide ideation, and that suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were only assessed among those who had depressive symptoms, could be considered limitations of our study.\ud \ud Conclusions-\ud \ud Food insecurity was positively associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Targeting food insecurity among older adults in LMICs may lead to reduction in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, although future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm this.
Published: 2022

24. Sarcopenia reduces quality of life in the long-term: Longitudinal analyses from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Author: Veronese N, Koyanagi A, Cereda E, Maggi S, Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Smith L, Veronese, N., Koyanagi, A., Cereda, E., Maggi, S., Barbagallo, M., Dominguez, L.J., and Smith, L.
Subjects: Quality of life, Male, Aging, Sarcopenia, Hand Strength, Epidemiology, ELSA, Ageing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Longitudinal, Older adults, Aged, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Quality of Life, Quality of life, Sarcopenia, ELSA, Older adults, Epidemiology, Longitudinal, Ageing, human activities
Abstract: Purpose Mixed findings exist for sarcopenia/quality of life (QoL) relationship. Moreover, the majority of studies in this area have utilized a cross-sectional design or specific clinical populations. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association between sarcopenia at baseline and QoL at 10 years follow-up in a large representative sample of older English adults. Methods Sarcopenia was diagnosed as having low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass index. QoL was measured using the CASP (control, autonomy, self-realisation and pleasure)-19, with higher values reflecting higher QoL. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess prospective associations between sarcopenia at baseline and poor QoL at follow-up; generalized linear model with repeated measures was used for reporting mean changes during follow-up between sarcopenia and not. Results Among 4044 older participants initially included at baseline (mean age: 70.7 years; 55.1% females), 376 had sarcopenia. In the multivariable analysis, after adjusting for several potential confounders, sarcopenia at baseline was associated with a higher incidence of poor QoL (odds ratio, OR = 5.82; 95% confidence interval, CI 3.45–9.82). After matching for QoL values at baseline and adjusting for potential confounders, people with sarcopenia reported significantly lower values in CASP-19 (mean difference = − 3.94; 95% CI − 4.77 to − 3.10). Conclusions In this large representative sample of older English adults, it was observed that sarcopenia at baseline was associated with worse scores of QoL at follow-up compared to those without sarcopenia at baseline. It may be prudent to target those with sarcopenia to improve QoL.
Published: 2022

25. Association between physical multimorbidity and sleep problems in 46 low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Louis Jacob, Felipe Schuch, Hans Oh, Mark A Tully, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Lin Yang, Laurie Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Ai Koyanagi, SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, L., Shin, J.I., Jacob, L., Schuch, F., Oh, H., Tully, M.A., López Sánchez, G.F., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Yang, L., Butler, L., Barnett, Y., and Koyanagi, A.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, Low- and middle-income countries, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Pain, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Multimorbidity, Sleep disorders, Sleep problems, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Chronic Disease, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Developing Countries
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between multimorbidity (i.e., two or more chronic conditions) and sleep problems in the general adult populations of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we aimed to assess this association among adults from 46 LMICs, and to quantify the extent to which anxiety, depression, stress, and pain explain this association. METHODS: Cross-sectional, predominantly nationally representative, community-based data from the World Health Survey were analyzed. Nine chronic physical conditions (angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic back pain, diabetes, edentulism, hearing problems, tuberculosis, visual impairment) were assessed. To be included in the analysis, sleep problems had to have been experienced in the past 30 days and to have been severe or extreme; they included difficulties falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night or waking up too early in the morning. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. RESULTS: Data on 237,023 individuals aged =18 years [mean (SD) age 38.4 (16.0) years; 49.2% men] were analyzed. Compared with no chronic conditions, having 1, 2, 3, and =4 conditions was associated with 2.39 (95%CI=2.14, 2.66), 4.13 (95%CI=3.62, 4.71), 5.70 (95%CI=4.86, 6.69), and 9.99 (95%CI=8.18, 12.19) times higher odds for sleep problems. Pain (24.0%) explained the largest proportion of the association between multimorbidity and sleep problems, followed by anxiety (21.0%), depression (11.2%), and stress (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity was associated with a substantially increased odds for sleep problems in adults from 46 LMICs. Future studies should assess whether addressing factors such as pain, anxiety, depression, and stress in people with multimorbidity can lead to improvement in sleep in this population.
Published: 2022

26. The association of cooking fuels with depression and anxiety symptoms among adults aged ≥65 years from low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Nicola Veronese, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Laurie Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Jae Il Shin, San Lee, Jae Won Oh, Pinar Soysal, Damiano Pizzol, Hans Oh, Karel Kostev, Louis Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, Lee, Veronese, Nicola, López Sánchez, Guillermo F, Butler, Laurie, Barnett, Yvonne, Shin, Jae Il, Lee, San, Oh, Jae Won, Soysal, Pinar, Pizzol, Damiano, Oh, Han, Kostev, Karel, Jacob, Loui, and Koyanagi, Ai
Subjects: Male, Depression, Low- and middle-income countries, Anxiety, Cooking fuel, Anxiety, Cooking fuel, Depression, Low- and middle-income countries, Mental health, Older adults, Sustainable goal 7, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Sustainable goal 7, Cross-Sectional Studies, Air Pollution, Indoor, Older adults, Humans, Female, Mental health, Cooking, Developing Countries
Abstract: Background: We aimed to investigate associations of unclean cooking fuels with depression and anxiety symptoms in a large sample of adults aged ≥65years from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Unclean cooking fuel referred to kerosene/paraffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass. Depression referred to DSM-IV depression based on past 12-month symptoms or receiving depression treatment in the last 12months. Anxiety symptoms referred to severe/extreme problems with worry or anxiety in the past 30days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted. Results: Data on 14,585 people aged ≥65years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; maximum age 114years; 55.0% females]. After adjustment for potential confounders, unclean cooking fuel was associated with a significant 2.52 (95%CI=1.66-3.82) times higher odds for depression with a low level of between-country heterogeneity (I2=0.0%). For anxiety symptoms, unclean fuel use was not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (OR=1.13; 95%CI=0.77-1.68; I2=0.0%). Limitations: 1. Cross-sectional design. 2. Self-reported measures. 3. No information about outdoor pollution exposure, personal exposure, and smoke composition of different cooking fuels. Conclusions: Unclean cooking fuel was significantly associated with higher odds for depression, but not anxiety, with little observed variability between settings. Findings from the present study provide further support and call for action in appropriate implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Goal 7, which advocates affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
Published: 2022

27. Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018

Author: Haeuser, E, Serfes, AL, Cork, MA, Yang, M, Abbastabar, H, Abhilash, ES, Adabi, M, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adeyinka, DA, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, RO, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alene, KA, Alhassan, RK, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anvari, D, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asemahagn, MA, Jafarabadi, MA, Awedew, AF, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Babalola, TK, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Bärnighausen, TW, Bell, AW, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Bozicevic, I, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, D-T, Cowden, RG, Dahlawi, SMA, Damiani, G, Darteh, EKM, Darwesh, AM, das Neves, J, Weaver, ND, De Leo, D, De Neve, J-W, Deribe, K, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, El Tantawi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezeonwumelu, IJ, Ezzikouri, S, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebremedhin, KB, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Haider, MR, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Islam, RM, Iwu, CCD, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Ji, JS, Johnson, KB, Joseph, N, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keramati, M, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kopec, JA, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Larson, HJ, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, Li, S, Liu, X, Maleki, A, Malik, P, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Moazen, B, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moradi, M, Moraga, P, Mubarik, S, Mulu, GBB, Mwanri, L, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Onwujekwe, OE, Orisakwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Peprah, EK, Postma, MJ, Preotescu, L, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Regassa, LD, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, AI, Ross, JM, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahiledengle, B, Sahu, M, Salem, MR, Kafil, HS, Samy, AM, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Seidu, A-A, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shamsizadeh, M, Shiferaw, WS, Shin, JI, Shrestha, R, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soltani, S, Sufiyan, MB, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Taveira, N, Tesfay, FH, Thapar, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tsegaye, GW, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Villafañe, JH, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilson, K, Yaya, S, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, SI, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Haeuser, Emily, Serfes, Audrey L., Cork, Michael A., Yang, Mingyou, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Dwyer Lindgrena, Laura, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Department of Oncology, Epidemiologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
Subjects: Male, Adult, Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive, Adolescent, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata, HIV Infections, Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, Young Adult, HIV Infections/prevention & control, Pregnancy, Seroepidemiologic Studies, General & Internal Medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Geostatistics, Africa, Demographics, HIV, HIV prevalence, Mapping, Spatial statistics, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Africa South of the Sahara, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Settore SECS-S/04 - Demografia, Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Female
Abstract: Background Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA.
Published: 2022

28. The Association of Objective and Subjective Vision Impairment With Self-Reported Time Spent in Sedentary Behaviors in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author: Lee Smith, Trish Gorely, Mark A. Tully, Yvonne Barnett, Mike Trott, Shahina Pardhan, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Louis Jacob, Jae I. Shin, Briona Pfifer, Hans Oh, Damiano Pizzol, and Ai Koyanagi
Subjects: Adult, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, genetic structures, Humans, Female, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Self Report, Sedentary Behavior, Developing Countries, Exercise
Abstract: Background: There is a scarcity of studies on the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we investigated the association of objectively and subjectively measured VI with SB in adults aged ≥18 years across 6 LMICs. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Objective and subjective visual acuity were measured. Information on self-reported SB was also collected. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations with time spent in SB as the outcome. Results: The sample consisted of 42,489 individuals (mean age = 43.8 [14.4] y; 50.1% females). Only severe objective VI (vs no VI) was significantly associated with ≥11 hours per day of SB (vs Conclusions: The present study identified an association of both objectively and subjectively measured VI with time spent in SB in adults residing in LMICs, with subjectively measured VI being a stronger predictor of time spent in SB. Targeted interventions to decrease SB especially in those who perceive themselves to have VI are needed in LMICs.
Published: 2022

29. Active school commuting in adolescents from 28 countries across Africa, the Americas, and Asia: a temporal trends study

Author: Mireia Felez-Nobrega, André O. Werneck, Adrian Bauman, Josep Maria Haro, and Ai Koyanagi
Subjects: Male, Asia, Nutrition and Dietetics, Adolescent, Africa, Humans, Medicine (miscellaneous), Female, Transportation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Walking, Bicycling
Abstract: Background Evidence examining trends in active school commuting among adolescents are mainly single-country studies, and principally focused on high-income countries. Thus, the present study aims to examine temporal trends in adolescents’ active school commuting and to examine if there are differences in such trends by sex. We used nationally representative samples of 28 countries, which were predominantly low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), covering 5 different WHO regions. Methods Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2004–2017 were analyzed in 177,616 adolescents [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years; 50.7% girls]. Active school commuting was self-reported (frequency of walking or riding a bike to and from school in the past 7 days). The prevalence and 95%CI of active school commuting (i.e., ≥ 3 days/week) was calculated for the overall sample and by sex for each survey. Crude linear trends in active school commuting were assessed by linear regression models. Interaction analyses were conducted to examine differing trends among boys and girls. Results Trends in active school commuting were heterogeneous across countries, with results showing stable patterns for the majority (16/28), decreasing trends for some (7/28) and increasing trends over time for a few (5/28). The majority of countries showed no differences in active school commuting trends between girls and boys. Conclusions The quantification of changes in adolescents’ active school commuting over time, together with a deeper understanding of local determinants for such behaviors will provide valuable evidence to inform the development of tailored and context-specific actions.
Published: 2023

30. Objectively measured far vision impairment and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥ 65 years from six low- and middle-income countries

Author: Yvonne Barnett, Trish Gorely, Mark A. Tully, Shahina Pardhan, Jae Il Shin, Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Pinar Soysal, Nicola Veronese, Smith L., Lopez-Sanchez G.F., Jacob L., Barnett Y., Pardhan S., Veronese N., Soysal P., Tully M.A., Gorely T., Shin J.I., Koyanagi A., and SOYSAL, PINAR
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Sarcopenia, Aging, genetic structures, Visual impairment, Psychological intervention, Smith L., López-Sánchez G. F. , Jacob L., Barnett Y., Pardhan S., Veronese N., Soysal P., Tully M. A. , Gorely T., Shin J. I. , et al., -Objectively measured far vision impairment and sarcopenia among adults aged ≥ 65 years from six low- and middle-income countries.-, Aging clinical and experimental research, 2021, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, LogMAR chart, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Developing Countries, Exercise, Aged, Hand Strength, business.industry, Confounding, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ageing, Low and middle income countries, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, Far vision impairment, Low- and middle-income countries, Older adults, Sarcopenia, Visual impairment, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background:\ud \ud There are currently no studies on visual impairment and sarcopenia. We investigated the cross-sectional association between objectively measured far vision impairment and sarcopenia in a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 65 years and over from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Cross-sectional, community-based data from the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Far vision acuity was measured using the tumbling E LogMAR chart and classified as: no vision impairment (6/12 or better); mild vision impairment (6/18 or better but worse than 6/12); moderate vision impairment (6/60 or better but worse than 6/18); severe vision impairment (worse than 6/60). Sarcopenia was defined as having low skeletal muscle mass and either a slow gait speed or a weak handgrip strength. Associations were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Fourteen thousand five hundred and eighty five individuals aged ≥ 65 years were included in the analysis [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 54.1% females]. After adjustment for multiple potential confounders, compared to those with no vision impairment, the OR (95% CI) for sarcopenia in those with mild, moderate, and severe vision impairment were 1.10 (0.87–1.40), 1.69 (1.25–2.27), and 3.38 (1.69–6.77), respectively. The estimates for females and males were similar.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud The odds for sarcopenia increased with increasing severity of far vision impairment among older people in LMICs. The mere co-occurrence of these conditions is concerning, and it may be prudent to implement interventions to address/prevent sarcopenia in those with far vision impairment through the promotion of physical activity and appropriate nutrition.
Published: 2021

31. The association between objective vision impairment and mild cognitive impairment among older adults in low- and middle-income countries

Author: Hans Oh, Ai Koyanagi, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Jae Il Shin, Yvonne Barnett, Lee Smith, Pinar Soysal, Louis Jacob, Laurie T. Butler, Nicola Veronese, Shahina Pardhan, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute on Aging, NIA: 08-CN-0020, OGHA 04034785, R01-AG034479, R21-AG034263, Y1-AG-1005, YA1323, This paper uses data from WHO?s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323?08-CN-0020, Y1-AG-1005?01 and through research grants R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263., Smith, L., Shin, J.I., Jacob, L., López-Sánchez, G.F., Oh, H., Barnett, Y., Pardhan, S., Butler, L., Soysal, P., Veronese, N., Koyanagi, A., and SOYSAL, PINAR
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, China, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Visual impairment, Vision impairment, Logistic regression, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, 030212 general & internal medicine, Association (psychology), Developing Countries, Aged, Low- and middle-income countries, business.industry, Mild cognitive impairment, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Smith L., Shin J. I. , Jacob L., López-Sánchez G. F. , Oh H., Barnett Y., Pardhan S., Butler L., Soysal P., Veronese N., et al., -The association between objective vision impairment and mild cognitive impairment among older adults in low- and middle-income countries.-, Aging clinical and experimental research, 2021, Vision impairment, Mild cognitive impairment, Older adults, Low- and middle-income countries, Epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ageing, Older adults, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Aim: The association between visual impairment and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been investigated to date. Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (China, India, Ghana, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa) using nationally representative datasets. Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Visual acuity was measured using the tumbling ElogMAR chart, and vision impairment (at distance and near) was defined as visual acuity worse than 6/18 (0.48 logMAR) in the better-seeing eye. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted. Results: Data on 32,715 individuals aged ≥ 50years [mean (SD) age 62.1 (15.6) years; 51.2% females] were analyzed. Compared to those without far or near vision impairment, those with near vision impairment but not far vision impairment (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.16–1.52), and those with both far and near vision impairment (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.27–2.29) had significantly higher odds for MCI. Only having far vision impairment was not significantly associated with MCI. Conclusions: Visual impairment is associated with increased odds for MCI among older adults in LMICs with the exception of far vision impairment only. Future longitudinal and intervention studies should examine causality and whether improvements in visual acuity, or early intervention, can reduce risk for MCI and ultimately, dementia. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature.
Published: 2021

32. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of myocarditis associated with the mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine

Author: Dong Keon Yon, Ah Young Kim, Lucy Youngmin Eun, Se Yong Jung, Sungsoo Lee, Lee Smith, Duk Hwan Moon, Min Seo Kim, Wongi Woo, Jae Young Choi, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Seung Won Lee, Jimin Hwang, Jo Won Jung, and Jae Il Shin
Subjects: Adult, Male, myalgia, medicine.medical_specialty, Myocarditis, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Young Adult, Risk Factors, Virology, Intensive care, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, BNT162 Vaccine, Aged, Ejection fraction, medicine.diagnostic_test, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Hospitalization, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Abstract: To analyze the clinical presentation and outcomes of myocarditis after administration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. Nine case series and 15 case reports (74 patients) of myocarditis after administration of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine were reviewed from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. We analyzed clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, and outcomes. In addition, we performed a pooled analysis and investigated risk factors leading to admission to the intensive care unit and recovery with conservative care. Most patients were male (94.6%), and the median age (range) was 17.6 (14–70) years. Patients who received the BNT162b2 (n = 58, 78.4%) vaccine presented fewer systemic symptoms and left ventricular dysfunction than mRNA-1273 recipients. Although patients under 20 years experienced more fever and myalgia, they had better ejection fraction and less prominent myocardial inflammation in magnetic resonance imaging than older patients. The clinical course of all patients was favorable without mortality, and one-third of patients resolved with conservative care alone. Risk factor analyses revealed that patients with gastrointestinal symptoms required intensive care (odds ratio: 20.3, 95% confidence interval 1.90–217, p = 0.013). The risk of fatality in myocarditis subjected to mRNA vaccination seems to be low. However, patients with gastrointestinal symptoms received more intensive care, and a significant proportion of patients recovered with conservative management.
Published: 2021

33. Genotype and Long-term Clinical Course of Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy in Korean and Japanese Patients

Author: Masato Akiyama, Min Kim, Yusuke Murakami, Kwangsic Joo, Se Joon Woo, Shinji Ueno, Kei Mizobuchi, Masatoshi Fukushima, Kazushige Tsunoda, Takaaki Hayashi, Yukihide Momozawa, Kohta Fujiwara, Akio Oishi, Marika Yoshimura, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Manabu Miyata, Koh Hei Sonoda, Hanako Ikeda, Christopher Seungkyu Lee, Hiroko Terasaki, Jinu Han, Yoshito Koyanagi, Tae Kwann Park, Sang Jin Kim, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Jun Young Park, and Kaoru Fujinami
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Visual acuity, Genotype, genetic structures, DNA Mutational Analysis, Population, Posterior pole, Compound heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, Japan, Retinal Diseases, Ophthalmology, Republic of Korea, Electroretinography, Humans, Medicine, Cytochrome P450 Family 4, Fluorescein Angiography, education, Retrospective Studies, 030304 developmental biology, Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Fundus photography, DNA, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Pedigree, Phenotype, Mutation, Cohort, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Follow-Up Studies, Retinopathy
Abstract: Purpose To investigate the genotype and long-term clinical phenotype of patients with Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) in Korea and Japan. Design Retrospective case series. Participants We analyzed 62 patients with clinical features of BCD who harbor pathogenic biallelic CYP4V2 variants in their homozygote or compound heterozygote. Methods Data were collected from patient charts, including age, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Goldmann perimetry results, fundus photography, OCT findings, fundus autofluorescence results, and electroretinography findings. We compared the clinical course of the patients with homozygous c.802-8_810de117insGC [exon7del], the most common mutation in the East Asian population, with those of the patients with other genotypes. Main Outcome Measures Best-corrected visual acuity, visual field (VF), and their changes during follow-up. Results The mean age at the first visit was 55.2 years, with a mean follow-up of 7.1 years. The mean BCVAs at the first and last visits were 0.28 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and 0.89 logMAR, respectively. In genetic testing, c.802-8_810de117insGC was detected in 86 of 124 alleles of the patients, and 36 patients were homozygous for this mutation. The age, BCVA, VF area, central foveal thickness, and abnormal hypoautofluorescent area at either the first or last visit were not different between the exon7del homozygotes and the others. The mean BCVA changes per year were 0.089 logMAR in the exon7del homozygotes and 0.089 logMAR in the others. An age- and gender-adjusted linear regression analysis showed no association between the exon7del homozygote status and the rate of vision loss. Characteristic crystalline deposits in the posterior pole were generally observed in younger patients and disappeared over time along with progressive retinochoroidal atrophy. Conclusions Patients with BCD and a homozygote for c.802-8_810de117insGC accounted for more than 50% of this cohort of Korean and Japanese patients, and the clinical effect of this deleterious variant was not severe in the spectrum of CYP4V2 retinopathy.
Published: 2021

34. Protective role of cytoplasmic p21Cip1/Waf1 in apoptosis of CDK4/6 inhibitor‐induced senescence in breast cancer cells

Author: Yuichi Iida, Mamoru Harada, Akira Koyanagi, Hitoshi Kotani, Ryosuke Tanino, and Irna Diyana Kartika
Subjects: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, Senescence, Cancer Research, senescence, Mice, Nude, Apoptosis, Breast Neoplasms, abemaciclib, Transfection, Metastasis, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, breast cancer, Breast cancer, ABT‐263, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cellular Senescence, Research Articles, RC254-282, Cancer Biology, Navitoclax, p21, Chemistry, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6, Cell cycle, medicine.disease, Oncology, Cell culture, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Female, Research Article
Abstract: Inhibition of CDK4/6 slows the cell cycle and induces senescence in breast cancer cells. However, senescent cancer cells promote invasion and metastasis. Several drugs reportedly target senescent cells, including ABT‐263 (navitoclax). We examined the effects of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib and ABT‐263 on two human breast cancer cell lines. The abemaciclib and ABT‐263 combination additively decreased the viability of MDA‐MB‐231 cells, but not MCF‐7 cells. Also, the combination therapy‐induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Combination therapy with abemaciclib and ABT‐737, an ABT‐263 analog, significantly suppressed the in vivo growth of MDA‐MB‐231 with transient body‐weight loss. Given that p16Ink4a and p21Cip1/Waf1 are key factors in senescence and that both cell lines were negative for p16, the role of p21 in apoptosis of treated breast cancer cells was investigated. Although abemaciclib increased the cytoplasmic p21 level in both cell lines as a hallmark of senescence, the abemaciclib and ABT‐263 combination decreased it only in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. This decrease of p21 expression was relieved by caspase inhibition, and p21 was colocalized with caspase‐3 in the cytoplasm of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Alternatively, small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of p21 rendered caspase‐3‐negative MCF‐7 cells susceptible to abemaciclib and ABT‐263, as well as TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand. Furthermore, a clinical database analysis showed that p21high breast cancer patients had a poorer prognosis compared to p21low patients. These results suggest that cytoplasmic p21 plays a protective role in apoptosis of CDK4/6 inhibitor‐induced senescent breast cancer cells., Colocalization of p21 and caspase‐3 in treated MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells.
Published: 2021

35. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Mosiur Rahman, Rehab Salah, Mario F P Peres, Licia Iacoviello, Benjamin A Stark, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Amir Radfar, Kamarul Imran Musa, Yannick Béjot, Deanna Anderlini, Carlos Cantú-Brito, Feng Sha, V. E. Nwatah, Pradip Gyanwali, Boris Bikbov, Bartosz Miazgowski, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ali Bijani, Imteyaz A Khan, Yaser Mokhayeri, Bogdan Oancea, Tarang Parekh, Martin Dichgans, Linh Gia Vu, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Mona Pathak, Maciej Banach, Marissa B Reitsma, Derrick A Bennett, Treska S Hassan, Allen Seylani, Gdiom Gebreheat Abady, Islam Y. Elgendy, Hassan Mehmood Lak, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Sorin Hostiuc, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Alessandra C. Goulart, Silvia Schiavolin, Simona Sacco, Atif Amin Baig, Azeem Majeed, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Archith Boloor, Aimé Bonny, Graeme J. Hankey, Jiregna Darega Gela, Mohamed I Hegazy, Pedram Keshavarz, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Maseer Khan, Hatem Abdelaziz Mohamed Wafa, Hualiang Lin, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Simon I. Hay, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Xuefeng Liu, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Maryam Zamanian, Sezer Kisa, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Alberto Raggi, Shubha Jayaram, Tahira Ashraf, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Matthias Endres, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Dominique Vervoort, Hanadi Al Hamad, Mowafa Househ, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Johan Ärnlöv, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Yousef Khader, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Yuming Guo, Yunquan Zhang, Sami Almustanyir, Lalit Dandona, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chythra R Rao, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Irena Ilic, Suzanne Barker-Collo, Priya Rathi, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh, Gyu Ri Kim, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Alaa Makki, Yun Jin Kim, Vida Abedi, Shanshan Li, Kewal Krishan, David Flood, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Michele Romoli, Gregory A. Roth, Jagdish Khubchandani, Isabela M. Benseñor, Rupak Desai, Mohammed Shannawaz, Aziz Sheikh, Claudiu Herteliu, Xiaoyue Xu, Santi Martini, Kenji Shibuya, Jasvinder A. Singh, Ravi Prakash Jha, Kairat Davletov, Mahya Beheshti, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Ismaeel Yunusa, Maria Inês Schmidt, Koustuv Dalal, Sohail Ahmad, Patrick D. M. C. Katoto, Oladimeji Adebayo, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Ranil Jayawardena, Giampiero Mazzaglia, Mitra Abbasifard, Usman Iqbal, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Alireza Rafiei, Catherine O. Johnson, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Simona Giampaoli, Gaetano Isola, Ricardo Lutzky Saute, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Vishnu Renjith, Farshad Farzadfar, Irina Filip, Daniel Diaz, André Karch, Samer Hamidi, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, David Colozza, Gbenga A. Kayode, Dinh-Toi Chu, Truong-Minh Pham, Arielle Wilder Bell, Aziz Rezapour, David Laith Rawaf, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Ivo Iavicoli, Adrian Pana, Salman Rawaf, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Omid Dadras, Anayat Ullah, Gina Agarwal, Shafiu Mohammed, Bing-Fang Hwang, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Sanjay Basu, Michael Brauer, Tanuj Kanchan, Ahmad Azam Malik, Brigid Unim, Min Seo Kim, Kia Vosoughi, Tomasz Miazgowski, Warren D. Lo, Vivek Podder, Dana Bryazka, Chuanhua Yu, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Rufus Akinyemi, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Ettore Beghi, Xiaochen Dai, Meghnath Dhimal, Mehrnoosh Samaei, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Bay Vo, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Savita Lasrado, Jalal Arabloo, Pablo M. Lavados, Samaneh Akbarpour, Khezar Hayat, Ritesh G. Menezes, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Mariam Molokhia, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Aletta E. Schutte, Zahra Kamiab, Lidia Morawska, Mohammad Ali Moni, Bo Norrving, Tommi Vasankari, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Ai Koyanagi, Tissa Wijeratne, Rizwan Kalani, Chenwen Zhong, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sepideh Ahmadi, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Pradyumna Agasthi, Saeed Shahabi, Adnan Kisa, Fares Alahdab, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Adnan Ansar, Matilde Leonardi, Ali Koolivand, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Alok Atreya, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Dhaval Kolte, Shajedur Rahman Shawon, Michael Ekholuenetale, Navid Manafi, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Syed Amir Gilani, Mohamed M. Gad, Christopher J L Murray, Louis Jacob, Robert Ancuceanu, Simona Costanzo, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Nazanin Rajai, Muhammed Elhadi, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Alireza Zandifar, Walter Muruet, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Hans Orru, Mikk Jürisson, Rajeev Gupta, Kurnia Dwi Artanti, Till Bärnighausen, Mark Woodward, Masao Iwagami, Brijesh Sathian, Bingyu Li, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Sherief Ghozy, Amanda G. Thrift, Michael A. Piradov, Florian Fischer, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Stefan Lorkowski, Muhammed Shahriar Zaman, Ali Yadollahpour, Abdiwahab Hashi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Mika Kivimäki, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Alberico L. Catapano, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Ahmed Al Montasir, Fakher Rahim, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Giang Thu Vu, G Anil Kumar, Juan Jesus Carrero, Hiroyasu Iso, Abdallah M. Samy, Stefan Stortecky, Reza Malekzadeh, Ashwin Kamath, Nevine El Nahas, Ayesha Humayun, Miguel A Barboza, Sheng-Chia Chung, Carlo La Vecchia, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Rita Krishnamurthi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Milena Ilic, Lalit Yadav, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Abdel Douiri, Yousef Mohammad, Jason H Y Wu, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Ramesh Holla, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Itamar S. Santos, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Atte Meretoja, Yasir Waheed, Ben Lacey, Zahra Aryan, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, Moien Ab Khan, K. M. Saif-Ur-Rahman, Ramin Zand, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Sung In Jang, Rakhi Dandona, Emanuele D'Amico, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Jaykaran Charan, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Davide Sattin, Akram Pourshams, Markus P. Schlaich, Arief Hargono, Samaneh Asgari, Ovidiu Baltatu, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Jakub Morze, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Manjari Tripathi, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Rohollah Kalhor, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Soraya Siabani, Sojib Bin Zaman, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Shilpa Gaidhane, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Samath D Dharmaratne, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Vivek Gupta, Klara Dokova, Alireza Vakilian, Vardhmaan Jain, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Umar Farooque, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Vera Marisa Costa, Alessandro Gialluisi, Valery L. Feigin, Himal Kandel, Suzanne Polinder, Nermin Ghith, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Michael H. Criqui, Asif Hanif, Ahmed Abualhasan, Veer Bala Gupta, Mahaveer Golechha, Bach Xuan Tran, Jason A. Anderson, Catherine Bisignano, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Zahid A Butt, Budi Aji, Baye Dagnew, Rasmus Havmoeller, Victor Volovici, Jitendra Singh, Paramjit Gill, Saverio Stranges, Eun Cheol Park, Andrew T Olagunju, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe, Sheikh M. Alif, Junjie Huang, Foad Abd-Allah, Yvonne Teuschl, Rajkumar Doshi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Marcel Ausloos, Mohsen Naghavi, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Maarten J. Postma, Ghozali Ghozali, Yanzhong Wang, Ali H. Mokdad, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Nitin Joseph, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Mohammad Athar, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Albertino Damasceno, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Marcello Tonelli, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Sonali G. Choudhari, Abdullah Hamid Feroze, Walter D. Johnson, Ro-Ting Lin, Francesca Giulia Magnani, Hermann Brenner, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Tea Lallukka, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, Feigin, V. L., Stark, B. A., Johnson, C. O., Roth, G. A., Bisignano, C., Abady, G. G., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abedi, V., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Agarwal, G., Agasthi, P., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmadi, S., Salih, Y. A., Aji, B., Akbarpour, S., Akinyemi, R. O., Al Hamad, H., Alahdab, F., Alif, S. M., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Almustanyir, S., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Salman, R. A. -S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Anderson, J. A., Ansar, A., Antonazzo, I. C., Arabloo, J., Arnlov, J., Artanti, K. D., Aryan, Z., Asgari, S., Ashraf, T., Athar, M., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Baig, A. A., Baltatu, O. C., Banach, M., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barone, M. T. U., Basu, S., Bazmandegan, G., Beghi, E., Beheshti, M., Bejot, Y., Bell, A. W., Bennett, D. A., Bensenor, I. M., Bezabhe, W. M., Bezabih, Y. M., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Birhanu, M. M., Boloor, A., Bonny, A., Brauer, M., Brenner, H., Bryazka, D., Butt, Z. A., Dos Santos, F. L. C., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Cantu-Brito, C., Carrero, J. J., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Catapano, A. L., Chakraborty, P. A., Charan, J., Choudhari, S. G., Chowdhury, E. K., Chu, D. -T., Chung, S. -C., Colozza, D., Costa, V. M., Costanzo, S., Criqui, M. H., Dadras, O., Dagnew, B., Dai, X., Dalal, K., Damasceno, A. A. M., D'Amico, E., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Gela, J. D., Davletov, K., De La Cruz-Gongora, V., Desai, R., Dhamnetiya, D., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M. L., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dichgans, M., Dokova, K., Doshi, R., Douiri, A., Duncan, B. B., Eftekharzadeh, S., Ekholuenetale, M., El Nahas, N., Elgendy, I. Y., Elhadi, M., El-Jaafary, S. I., Endres, M., Endries, A. Y., Erku, D. A., Faraon, E. J. A., Farooque, U., Farzadfar, F., Feroze, A. H., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Flood, D., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, S., Gheshlagh, R. G., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Ghozali, G., Ghozy, S., Gialluisi, A., Giampaoli, S., Gilani, S. A., Gill, P. S., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Golechha, M., Goulart, A. C., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, V. B., Gupta, V. K., Gyanwali, P., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hamidi, S., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Hargono, A., Hashi, A., Hassan, T. S., Hassen, H. Y., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Hegazy, M. I., Herteliu, C., Holla, R., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Huang, J., Humayun, A., Hwang, B. -F., Iacoviello, L., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, S. M. S., Ismail, N. E., Iso, H., Isola, G., Iwagami, M., Jacob, L., Jain, V., Jang, S. -I., Jayapal, S. K., Jayaram, S., Jayawardena, R., Jeemon, P., Jha, R. P., Johnson, W. D., Jonas, J. B., Joseph, N., Jozwiak, J. J., Jurisson, M., Kalani, R., Kalhor, R., Kalkonde, Y., Kamath, A., Kamiab, Z., Kanchan, T., Kandel, H., Karch, A., Katoto, P. D. M. C., Kayode, G. A., Keshavarz, P., Khader, Y. S., Khan, E. A., Khan, I. A., Khan, M., Khan, M. A. B., Khatib, M. N., Khubchandani, J., Kim, G. R., Kim, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Kolte, D., Koolivand, A., Laxminarayana, S. L. K., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krishnamoorthy, V., Krishnamurthi, R. V., Kumar, G. A., Kusuma, D., Vecchia, C. L., Lacey, B., Lak, H. M., Lallukka, T., Lasrado, S., Lavados, P. M., Leonardi, M., Li, B., Li, S., Lin, H., Lin, R. -T., Liu, X., Lo, W. D., Lorkowski, S., Lucchetti, G., Saute, R. L., Abd El Razek, H. M., Magnani, F. G., Mahajan, P. B., Majeed, A., Makki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malik, A. A., Manafi, N., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Martini, S., Mazzaglia, G., Mehndiratta, M. M., Menezes, R. G., Meretoja, A., Mersha, A. G., Jonasson, J. M., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A. H., Mokhayeri, Y., Molokhia, M., Moni, M. A., Al Montasir, A., Moradzadeh, R., Morawska, L., Morze, J., Muruet, W., Musa, K. I., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Swamy, S. N., Nascimento, B. R., Negoi, R. I., Kandel, S. N., Nguyen, T. H., Norrving, B., Noubiap, J. J., Nwatah, V. E., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O. O., Olagunju, A. T., Orru, H., Owolabi, M. O., Padubidri, J. R., Pana, A., Parekh, T., Park, E. -C., Kan, F. P., Pathak, M., Peres, M. F. P., Perianayagam, A., Pham, T. -M., Piradov, M. A., Podder, V., Polinder, S., Postma, M. J., Pourshams, A., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, M. A., Rahmani, A. M., Rajai, N., Ranasinghe, P., Rao, C. R., Rao, S. J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reitsma, M. B., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezapour, A., Rodriguez, J. A. B., Roever, L., Romoli, M., Rynkiewicz, A., Sacco, S., Sadeghi, M., Moghaddam, S. S., Sahebkar, A., Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M., Salah, R., Samaei, M., Samy, A. M., Santos, I. S., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sathian, B., Sattin, D., Schiavolin, S., Schlaich, M. P., Schmidt, M. I., Schutte, A. E., Sepanlou, S. G., Seylani, A., Sha, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M. A., Shannawaz, M., Shawon, Md. S. R., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shibuya, K., Siabani, S., Silva, D. A. S., Singh, J. A., Singh, J. K., Skryabin, V. Y., Skryabina, A. A., Sobaih, B. H., Stortecky, S., Stranges, S., Tadesse, E. G., Tarigan, I. U., Temsah, M. -H., Teuschl, Y., Thrift, A. G., Tonelli, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Tripathi, M., Tsegaye, G. W., Ullah, A., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Vakilian, A., Tahbaz, S. V., Vasankari, T. J., Venketasubramanian, N., Vervoort, D., Vo, B., Volovici, V., Vosoughi, K., Vu, G. T., Vu, L. G., Wafa, H. A., Waheed, Y., Wang, Y., Wijeratne, T., Winkler, A. S., Wolfe, C. D. A., Woodward, M., Wu, J. H., Hanson, S. W., Xu, X., Yadav, L., Yadollahpour, A., Jabbari, S. H. Y., Yamagishi, K., Yatsuya, H., Yonemoto, N., Yu, C., Yunusa, I., Zaman, M. S., Zaman, S. B., Zamanian, M., Zand, R., Zandifar, A., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zastrozhina, A., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhong, C., Zuniga, Y. M. H., Murray, C. J. L., Public Health, Neurosurgery, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), HUS Neurocenter, Neurologian yksikkö, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Feigin, V, Stark, B, Johnson, C, Roth, G, Bisignano, C, Abady, G, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, Y, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, R, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Salman, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, J, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, I, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, A, Baltatu, O, Banach, M, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Barone, M, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, M, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, Z, Dos Santos, F, Campos-Nonato, I, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Catapano, A, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, E, Chu, D, Chung, S, Colozza, D, Costa, V, Costanzo, S, Criqui, M, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, A, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, J, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, B, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, I, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, A, Erku, D, Faraon, E, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, A, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, M, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, R, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, T, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Johnson, W, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, P, Kayode, G, Keshavarz, P, Khader, Y, Khan, E, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khatib, M, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, G, Kusuma, D, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, H, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, P, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Liu, X, Lo, W, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, R, Abd El Razek, H, Magnani, F, Mahajan, P, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, M, Menezes, R, Meretoja, A, Mersha, A, Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, M, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, K, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Swamy, S, Nascimento, B, Negoi, R, Kandel, S, Nguyen, T, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nwatah, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Olagunju, A, Orru, H, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E, Kan, F, Pathak, M, Peres, M, Perianayagam, A, Pham, T, Piradov, M, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, M, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, S, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, M, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sobaih, B, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, E, Tarigan, I, Temsah, M, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, A, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vu, L, Wafa, H, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, A, Wolfe, C, Woodward, M, Wu, J, Hanson, S, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, M, Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhong, C, Zuniga, Y, Murray, C, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)
Subjects: Male, Aging, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Stroke data, GUIDELINES, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Strokes, YOUNG-ADULTS, Prevalence, 80 and over, Aetiology, 610 Medicine & health, Stroke, POPULATION, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1109 Neurosciences, Cause of death, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 1. No poverty, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, Middle Aged, Stroke types, ddc, 3. Good health, ISCHEMIC-STROKE, Income, Female, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, GBD, Population, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Neurology, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, Health Sciences, medicine, Humans, Risk factor, education, GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Aged, Ischemic Stroke, Global burden, Science & Technology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, HYPERTENSION, business.industry, MORTALITY, Prevention, 3112 Neurosciences, Neurosciences, 1103 Clinical Sciences, SERVICES, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, PREVENTION, Brain Disorders, Good Health and Well Being, Attributable risk, Human medicine, Neurology (clinical), Neurosciences & Neurology, business, 1109 Neurosciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, RC
Abstract: Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0–18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5–3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5–3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57–8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97–3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01–1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7–90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2–62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3–48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7–33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8–41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8–29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4–33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6–23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6–28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4–19·0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2021

36. Association of multimorbidity with higher levels of urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study of 23 089 individuals aged ≥15 years residing in Spain

Author: Louis Jacob, Hans Oh, Ai Koyanagi, Petre Cristian Ilie, Nicola Veronese, Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Pinar Soysal, Igor Grabovac, Jacob L., Lopez-Sanchez G.F., Oh H., Shin J.I., Grabovac I., Soysal P., Ilie P.C., Veronese N., Koyanagi A., Smith L., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Murcia [Spain], University of Southern California (USC), Yonsei University College of Medicine [Séoul, Corée du Sud], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Queens Elizabeth Hospital [Birmingham], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola, Spain, affiliation inconnue, and Anglia Ruskin University (ARU)
Subjects: Male, multimorbidity, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, cross-sectional studies, Urinary incontinence, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Multimorbidity, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Association (psychology), National health, High prevalence, urinary incontinence, business.industry, Research, Middle Aged, Cross-sectional studies, Logistic models, Multimorbidity, Spain, Urinary incontinence, Spain, Marital status, Female, medicine.symptom, Family Practice, business, logistic models, Demography
Abstract: BackgroundOne can assume a relatively high prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in people with multimorbidity. However, literature in this area is scarce. There is a need for further robust research to aid GPs to identify patients at a particular risk for UI, and to initiate the early treatment and multidisciplinary management of this condition.AimTo examine the association between multimorbidity and UI in 23 089 individuals aged ≥15 years and residing in Spain.Design and settingThis study used data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017, a cross-sectional sample of 23 089 participants aged ≥15 years residing in Spain (54.1% female; mean [standard deviation] age = 53.4 [18.9] years).MethodUI and 30 other physical and mental chronic conditions were self-reported. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of ≥2 physical and/or mental chronic conditions (excluding UI). Control variables included sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between multimorbidity and UI.ResultsThe prevalence of UI was 5.9% in this sample. UI was more frequent in the presence than in the absence of each one of the 30 chronic conditions (PPPConclusionIn this large sample of Spanish individuals aged ≥15 years, suffering from multimorbidity was associated with a significantly higher level of UI.
Published: 2020

37. Physical multimorbidity predicts the onset and persistence of anxiety: A prospective analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

Author: Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Louis Jacob, Felipe Schuch, Damiano Pizzol, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Pinar Soysal, Mark A. Tully, Laurie T. Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Nicola Veronese, Seoyeon Park, Ai Koyanagi, SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, Lee, Shin, Jae Il, Jacob, Loui, Schuch, Felipe, Pizzol, Damiano, López Sánchez, Guillermo F, Soysal, Pinar, Tully, Mark A, Butler, Laurie T, Barnett, Yvonne, Veronese, Nicola, Park, Seoyeon, and Koyanagi, Ai
Subjects: Male, Aging, A prospective analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.-, Journal of affective disorders, 2022 [Smith L., Shin J. I. , Jacob L., Schuch F., Pizzol D., López Sánchez G. F. , Soysal P., Tully M. A. , Butler L. T. , Barnett Y., et al., -Physical multimorbidity predicts the onset and persistence of anxiety], Multimorbidity, Pain, Anxiety, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Chronic Disease, Humans, Female, Anxiety, Cohort, Epidemiology, Multimorbidity, Older adults, Longitudinal Studies, Aged
Abstract: Background: The aims of the present study were to examine prospective associations of multimorbidity (i.e., >= 2 chronic conditions) at baseline with incident and persistent anxiety over a two-year follow-up period among Irish older adults, and to quantify the extent to which sleep, pain, and disability mediate the multimorbidity-anxiety relationship.& nbsp;Methods: Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) conducted between 2009 and 2011 with a follow-up after two years were analyzed. Anxiety referred to score >=& nbsp;8 on the anxiety section of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Lifetime diagnosis of 14 chronic conditions was obtained. Outcomes were incident and persistent anxiety at two-year follow-up.& nbsp;Results: Data on 5871 adults aged >= 50 years at baseline were analyzed [Mean (SD) age 63.3 (9.0) years; 51.2% women]. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to no chronic physical conditions at baseline, >= 3 chronic conditions were associated with a significant 1.89 (95% CI = 1.16-3.08) times higher risk for new onset anxiety at follow-up. Furthermore, having 1, 2, and >= 3 conditions at baseline were associated with significant 1.48 (95% CI 1.02, 2.14), 1.74 (95% CI 1.19, 2.53), and 1.84 (95% CI 1.27, 2.68) times higher risk for persistent anxiety at follow-up. Sleep problems, pain, and disability were identified as significant mediators, explaining 22.9%-37.8% of the associations.& nbsp;Conclusion: Multimorbidity was associated with both new onset and persistent anxiety among Irish older adults. Future interventional studies should examine whether addressing the identified mediators may lead to lower risk for incident or persistent anxiety among those with physical multimorbidity.
Published: 2022

38. Physical multimorbidity and depression: A mediation analysis of influential factors among 34,129 adults aged ≥50 years from low- and middle-income countries

Author: Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Laurie Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Hans Oh, Louis Jacob, Karel Kostev, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Mark Tully, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Ai Koyanagi, Smith, Lee, Shin, Jae Il, Butler, Laurie, Barnett, Yvonne, Oh, Han, Jacob, Loui, Kostev, Karel, Veronese, Nicola, Soysal, Pinar, Tully, Mark, López Sánchez, Guillermo F, Koyanagi, Ai, and SOYSAL, PINAR
Subjects: Male, China, Mediation Analysis, Depression, depression, low- and middle-income countries, mediation, middle-age adults, multimorbidity, older adults, Multimorbidity, A mediation analysis of influential factors among 34,129 adults aged ≥50 years from low- and middle-income countries.-, Depression and anxiety, 2022 [Smith L., Shin J. I. , Butler L., Barnett Y., Oh H., Jacob L., Kostev K., Veronese N., Soysal P., Tully M., et al., -Physical multimorbidity and depression], Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Chronic Disease, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Developing Countries, Aged
Abstract: Background There is a scarcity of literature on the association between physical multimorbidity (i.e., >= 2 chronic physical conditions) and depression among older adults, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In addition, the mediators in this association are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine this association among adults aged >= 50 years from six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa), and to identify potential mediators. Methods Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. Depression was defined as past-12 months DSM-IV depression or receiving depression treatment in the last 12 months. Information on 11 chronic physical conditions were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted. Results Data on 34,129 individuals aged >= 50 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0) years; maximum 114 years; 52.1% females]. Compared to no chronic conditions, 2, 3, 4, and >= 5 chronic conditions were associated with 2.55 (95% CI = 1.90-3.42), 3.12 (95% CI = 2.25-4.34), 5.68 (95% CI = 4.02-8.03), and 8.39 (95% CI = 5.87-12.00) times higher odds for depression. Pain/discomfort (% mediated 39.0%), sleep/energy (33.2%), mobility (27.5%), cognition (13.8%), perceived stress (7.3%), disability (6.7%), loneliness (5.5%), and food insecurity (1.5%) were found to be significant mediators in the association between physical multimorbidity and depression. Conclusions Older adults with physical multimorbidity are at increased odds of depression in LMICs. Future studies should assess whether addressing the identified potential mediators in people with physical multimorbidity can lead to reduction in depression in this population.
Published: 2022

39. Long‐term hepatic function of patients with compensated cirrhosis following successful direct‐acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection

Author: Nobuyuki Yamashita, Aritsune Ooho, Shinji Shimoda, Hideyuki Nomura, Chie Morita, Jun Hayashi, Yasunori Ichiki, Eiji Kajiwara, Eiichi Ogawa, Koichi Azuma, Toshimasa Koyanagi, Takeaki Satoh, Makoto Nakamuta, Kimihiko Yanagita, Naoki Yamashita, Masami Kuniyoshi, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Akira Kawano, Kazufumi Dohmen, Norihiro Furusyo, Masaki Kato, and Rie Sugimoto
Subjects: Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis C virus, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, Hepatic function, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Decompensation, Stage (cooking), Aged, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Hepatitis C, Confidence interval, Treatment Outcome, Cohort, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have contributed to the improvement of outcomes for all patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term hepatic benefits of hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure by DAAs in patients with compensated cirrhosis. METHODS This multicenter cohort study consisted of consecutive patients with compensated cirrhosis who initiated interferon-free DAA treatment before September 2016. The impact of treatment on long-term hepatic function was followed for at least 4 years after the end of treatment, and the progression to decompensation was evaluated. RESULTS The data of 394 patients were available for study. The median age was 70, and 41% had modified albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 2b. During a short-term follow-up 1 year after the end of treatment, FIB-4 index and ALBI score significantly improved. The achievement rates of FIB-4
Published: 2021

40. Prevalence of and factors associated with COVID-19 diagnosis in symptomatic patients followed in general practices in Germany between March 2020 and March 2021

Author: Louis Jacob, Anna M. Rohe, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Karel Kostev, Josep Maria Haro, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 diagnosis, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Population, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Logistic regression, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 Testing, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, Germany, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Depression (differential diagnoses), 030304 developmental biology, Asthma, Aged, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Symptomatic patients, Associated factors, Chronic sinusitis, COVID-19, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Obesity, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Anxiety, Female, medicine.symptom, business, General practices
Abstract: International audience; Aims: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in symptomatic patients followed in general practices in Germany between March 2020 and March 2021. Methods: Symptomatic patients tested for COVID-19 and followed in one of 962 general practices in Germany from March 2020 to March 2021 were included in this study. Covariates included sex, age, and comorbidities present in at least 3% of the population. The association between these factors and the diagnosis of COVID-19 was analyzed using an adjusted logistic regression model. Results: A total of 301,290 patients tested for COVID-19 were included in this study (54.7% women; mean [SD] age 44.6 [18.5] years). The prevalence of COVID-19 was 13.8% in this sample. Male sex and older age were positively and significantly associated with COVID-19. In terms of comorbidities, the strongest positive associations with COVID-19 were observed for cardiac arrhythmias, depression, and obesity. There was also a negative relationship between the odds of being diagnosed with COVID-19 and several conditions such as chronic sinusitis, asthma, and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Approximately 14% of symptomatic patients tested for COVID-19 were diagnosed with COVID-19 in German general practices from March 2020 to March 2021.
Published: 2021

41. HDlive Flow Silhouette with spatiotemporal image correlation for assessment of fetal cardiac structures at 12 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation

Author: Riko Takayoshi, Aya Koyanagi, Yasunari Miyagi, Miyu Konishi, Tomomi Kawahara, Takahito Miyake, and Toshiyuki Hata
Subjects: Adult, Heart Defects, Congenital, Gestational Age, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Silhouette, Fetal Heart, Pregnancy, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Fetus, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Trimester, First, First trimester, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ventricle, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Descending aorta, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Gestation, Female, business
Abstract: Objectives To assess fetal cardiac structures using HDlive Flow Silhouette with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) at 12 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation, and verify the feasibility of obtaining five cardiac views in the late first and early second trimesters of pregnancy. The fetal cardiac shape and the aspect of the descending aorta were also evaluated. Methods Eighty normal fetuses at 12 to 14 + 6 weeks of gestation were studied using trans-abdominal HDlive Flow Silhouette with STIC to assess the feasibility of five fetal cardiac views (frontal, spatial three-vessel, panoramic, posterior, and right lateral views). Target structures in each cardiac view were evaluated. ‘Good’ was assigned when all structures were noted, ‘Fair’ when only one structure was missed, and ‘Poor’ when two and more structures could not be detected. Frequencies of an elongated heart and those of a tortuous descending aorta were counted. Results Forty-nine fetuses were effectively included in the analysis. Success rates of ‘Good’ and ‘Fair’ were significantly higher with spatial three-vessel (p Conclusions The feasibility of obtaining fetal five cardiac views using HDlive Flow Silhouette with STIC is good, and this technique provides useful information for evaluating fetal cardiac structures in the late first and early second trimesters of pregnancy.
Published: 2021

42. Effectiveness of a community-integrated intermediary care (CIIC) service model to enhance family-based long-term care for Thai older adults in Chiang Mai, Thailand: a cluster-randomized controlled trial TCTR20190412004

Author: Myo Nyein Aung, Saiyud Moolphate, Thin Nyein Nyein Aung, Yuka Koyanagi, Akrapon Kurusattra, Sutatip Chantaraksa, Siripen Supakankunti, and Motoyuki Yuasa
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Health Policy, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, COVID-19, Female, Thailand, Long-Term Care, Pandemics, Aged
Abstract: Background Populations around the world are ageing faster, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries where health and social care are yet to be universal and inclusive for the ageing population. This community-integrated intermediary care (CIIC) model is a novel prevention-based, long-term care model enhancing the family-based care system traditionally practised in Thailand and neighbouring Asian countries, and many low-and middle-income countries globally. This study assessed the effectiveness of the CIIC model in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Methods The two-arm parallel intervention study was designed as a cluster-randomized controlled trial. The study population at randomization and analysis was 2788 participants: 1509 in six intervention clusters and 1279 in six control clusters. The research protocol was approved by the WHO Research Ethics Review Committee (WHO/ERC ID; ERC.0003064). The CIIC service intervention model is a combination of formal care and informal care in a subdistrict setting consisting of three components: (1) care prevention delivered as community group exercise and home exercise; (2) care capacity-building of the family caregiver; and (3) community respite service. The primary outcome was family caregivers’ burden at 6-month follow-up, and secondary outcome was activities of daily living. Analysis applied the intention-to-treat approach using cluster-level analysis via STATA 16 SE. Results Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two arms. Loss of follow up was 3.7%. Mean age of the participants was 69.53 years. Women constituted 60%. The COVID-19 pandemic caused delayed implementation. The proportion of families with reduced caregiver burden at 6-month follow-up was higher among the intervention clusters (mean 39.4%) than control clusters (mean 28.62%). The intervention clusters experienced less functional decline and fewer people with depression. Conclusions When communities are integrated for preventing care, and families are empowered for giving care, it is possible to secure universal access to health and social care for the older persons, with basic resources mobilized from communities. This study had shown the CIIC model as an effective and potential step to the realization of universal health and long-term care coverage being inclusive of ageing populations in Thailand and globally. Trial registration: This trial was registered at the Thailand Clinical Trial Registry—Trial registration number TCTR20190412004, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/#
Published: 2022

43. Evinacumab for Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Author: Gerald Watts, Farrah Deeba, David Sullivan, Paul Donald Bonnitcha, San San Min, Nimalie Jacintha Nanayakkara, Christopher Ebenbichler, Alexander Tschoner, Clemens Engler, Daniel Gaudet, Nathalie Roy, David Blackburn, Jean Bergeron, Hisee Villeneuve, Samir Saheb, Antonio Gallo, Sophia Beliard, Bertrand Dussol, Sophie Morange, Pascale Poullin, Rene Valero, Charalampos Milionis, Sebastian Filippas-Ntekouan, Eleftherios Klouras, Genovefa Kolovou, George Hatzigeorgiou, Spyridon Rammos, Paolo Rubba, Gabriella Iannuzzo, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Cheol Son, Hisashi Makino, Kiminori Hosoda, Kota Matsuki, Kyoko Kohmo, Masaki Matsubara, Masatsune Ogura, Michio Noguchio, Miki Matsuo, Ryo Koezuka, Tamiko Tamanaha, Tsutomu Tomita, Yoko Ohata, Yoshihiko Otsubo, Noriaki Koyanagi, Masaaki Kawashiri, Hayato Tada, Atsushi Nohara, Akihiro Nomura, Hirofumi Okada, Naohiko Fujii, Daisuke Hayashi, Sayoko Yonemoto, Shungo Fukuda, Koji Yanagi, Miwa Ryo, Masahiro Koseki, Makoto Nishida, Takeshi Okada, Erik Stroes, Laurens Reeskamp, Daniela Stols-Goncalves, Eva Hamulyak, Anho H Liem, Jurgen M Akkerhuis, Pieter R Nierop, Bastiaan M van Dalen, Sweder W E van de Poll, Adriana J M van Miltenburg-van Zijl, Marinus J Veerhoek, Frederick Raal, Sindeep Amrat Bhana, Olena Mitchenko, Vadym Romanov, Iryna Chulaevska, Leonid Rudenko, Olena Beregova, Igor Vakaliuk, Iryna Drapchak, Natalia Tymochko, Anna Isayeva, Olena Buriakovska, Maryna Vovchenko, Vira Tseluyko, Nataliya Matviychuk, Larysa Yakovleva, Paul Duell, Jonathan Barton Purnell, Robert Rosenson, Donald Smith, Theresa Halloran, Robert Gottlieb, Peter A McCullough, Zachary P Rosol, Andy Y Lee, Clay M Barbin, Seth J Baum, Reina Mendelson, Melissa Wright, Linda Hemphill, Akl Fahed, Traci Turner, Angela Ellard, Gerald Watts, ., Deeba, Farrah, Sullivan, David, Donald Bonnitcha, Paul, San Min, San, Jacintha Nanayakkara, Nimalie, Ebenbichler, Christopher, Tschoner, Alexander, Engler, Clemen, Gaudet, Daniel, Roy, Nathalie, Blackburn, David, Bergeron, Jean, Villeneuve, Hisee, Saheb, Samir, Gallo, Antonio, Beliard, Sophia, Dussol, Bertrand, Morange, Sophie, Poullin, Pascale, Valero, Rene, Milionis, Charalampo, Filippas-Ntekouan, Sebastian, Klouras, Eleftherio, Kolovou, Genovefa, Hatzigeorgiou, George, Rammos, Spyridon, Rubba, PAOLO OSVALDO FEDERICO, Iannuzzo, Gabriella, Harada-Shiba, Mariko, Son, Cheol, Makino, Hisashi, Hosoda, Kiminori, Matsuki, Kota, Kohmo, Kyoko, Matsubara, Masaki, Ogura, Masatsune, Noguchio, Michio, Matsuo, Miki, Koezuka, Ryo, Tamanaha, Tamiko, Tomita, Tsutomu, Ohata, Yoko, Otsubo, Yoshihiko, Koyanagi, Noriaki, Kawashiri, Masaaki, Tada, Hayato, Nohara, Atsushi, Nomura, Akihiro, Okada, Hirofumi, Fujii, Naohiko, Hayashi, Daisuke, Yonemoto, Sayoko, Fukuda, Shungo, Yanagi, Koji, Ryo, Miwa, Koseki, Masahiro, Nishida, Makoto, Okada, Takeshi, Stroes, Erik, Reeskamp, Lauren, Stols-Goncalves, Daniela, Hamulyak, Eva, H Liem, Anho, M Akkerhuis, Jurgen, R Nierop, Pieter, M van Dalen, Bastiaan, E van de Poll, Sweder W, M van Miltenburg-van Zijl, Adriana J, J Veerhoek, Marinu, Raal, Frederick, Amrat Bhana, Sindeep, Mitchenko, Olena, Romanov, Vadym, Chulaevska, Iryna, Rudenko, Leonid, Beregova, Olena, Vakaliuk, Igor, Drapchak, Iryna, Tymochko, Natalia, Isayeva, Anna, Buriakovska, Olena, Vovchenko, Maryna, Tseluyko, Vira, Matviychuk, Nataliya, Yakovleva, Larysa, Duell, Paul, Barton Purnell, Jonathan, Rosenson, Robert, Smith, Donald, Halloran, Theresa, Gottlieb, Robert, A McCullough, Peter, P Rosol, Zachary, Y Lee, Andy, M Barbin, Clay, J Baum, Seth, Mendelson, Reina, Wright, Melissa, Hemphill, Linda, Fahed, Akl, Turner, Traci, Ellard, Angela, Graduate School, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Experimental Vascular Medicine, and ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Evinacumab, Angiopoietin-like Protein, Disease, Familial hypercholesterolemia, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Anticholesteremic Agent, Medicine, Infusions, Intravenou, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, Least-Squares Analysi, business.industry, Cholesterol, Homozygote, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cholesterol, LDL, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Receptors, LDL, Multicenter study, chemistry, Ldl metabolism, Mutation, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), business, Human, Lipoprotein
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by premature cardiovascular disease caused by markedly elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. This disorder is associated with genetic variants that result in virtually absent (null-null) or impaired (non-null) LDL-receptor activity. Loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) are associated with hypolipidemia and protection against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Evinacumab, a monoclonal antibody against ANGPTL3, has shown potential benefit in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio 65 patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia who were receiving stable lipid-lowering therapy to receive an intravenous infusion of evinacumab (at a dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight) every 4 weeks or placebo. The primary outcome was the percent change from baseline in the LDL cholesterol level at week 24. RESULTS: The mean baseline LDL cholesterol level in the two groups was 255.1 mg per deciliter, despite the receipt of maximum doses of background lipid-lowering therapy. At week 24, patients in the evinacumab group had a relative reduction from baseline in the LDL cholesterol level of 47.1%, as compared with an increase of 1.9% in the placebo group, for a between-group least-squares mean difference of -49.0 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], -65.0 to -33.1; P
Published: 2020

44. Stroke prevention in patients from Latin American countries with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation: Insights from the GARFIELD‐AF registry

Author: Jerjes-Sanchez C., Corbalan R., Barretto A. C. P., Luciardi H. L., Allu J., Illingworth L., Pieper K. S., Kayani G., Fitzmaurice D. A., Goto S., Hacke W., Mantovani L. G., Turpie A. G. G., Gersh B. J., Gibbs H., Brodmann M., Cools F., Connolly S. J., Spyropoulos A., Eikelboom J., Hu D., Jansky P., Nielsen J. D., Ragy H., Raatikainen P., Le Heuzey J. -Y., Darius H., Keltai M., Kakkar S., Sawhney J. P. S., Agnelli G., Ambrosio G., Koretsune Y., Diaz C. J. S., ten Cate H., Atar D., Stepinska J., Panchenko E., Lim T. W., Jacobson B., Oh S., Vinolas X., Rosenqvist M., Steffel J., Angchaisuksiri P., Parkhomenko A., Al Mahmeed W., Chen K. N., Zhao Y. S., Zhang H. Q., Chen J. Z., Cao S. P., Wang D. W., Yang Y. J., Li W. H., Yin Y. H., Tao G. Z., Yang P., Chen Y. M., He S. H., Wang Y., Fu G. S., Li X., Wu T. G., Cheng X. S., Yan X. W., Zhao R. P., Chen M. S., Xiong L. G., Chen P., Jiao Y., Guo Y., Xue L., Wang F. Z., Li H., Yang Z. M., Bai C. L., Chen J., Chen J. Y., Chen X., Feng S., Fu Q. H., Gao X. J., Guo W. N., He R. H., He X. A., Hu X. S., Huang X. F., Li B., Li J., Li L., Li Y. H., Liu T. T., Liu W. L., Liu Y. Y., Lu Z. C., Luo X. L., Ma T. Y., Peng J. Q., Sheng X., Shi X. J., Sun Y. H., Tian G., Wang K., Wang L., Wu R. N., Xie Q., Xu R. Y., Yang J. S., Yang L. L., Yang Q., Ye Y., Yu H. Y., Yu J. H., Yu T., Zhai H., Zhan Q., Zhang G. S., Zhang Q., Zhang R., Zhang Y., Zheng W. Y., Zhou B., Zhou Z. H., Zhu X. Y., Jadhav P., Durgaprasad R., Ravi Shankar A. G., Rajput R. K., Bhargava K., Sarma R., Srinivas A., Roy D., Nagamalesh U. M., Chopda M., Kishore R., Kulkarni G., Chandwani P., Pothiwala R. A., Padinhare Purayil M., Shah S., Chawla K., Kothiwale V. A., Raghuraman B., Vijayaraghavan G., Vijan V. M., Bantwal G., Bisne V., Khan A., Gupta J. B., Kumar S., Jain D., Abraham S., Adak D., Barai A., Begum H., Bhattacharjee P., Dargude M., Davies D., Deshpande B., Dhakrao P., Dhyani V., Duhan S., Earath M., Ganatra A., Giradkar S., Jain V., Karthikeyan R., Kasala L., Kaur S., Krishnappa S., Lawande A., Lokesh B., Madarkar N., Meena R., More P., Naik D., Prashanth K., Rao M., Rao N. M., Sadhu N., Shah D., Sharma M., Shiva P., Singhal S., Suresh S., Vanajakshamma V., Panse S. G., Kanamori S., Yamamoto K., Kumagai K., Katsuda Y., Sadamatsu K., Toyota F., Mizuno Y., Misumi I., Noguchi H., Ando S., Suetsugu T., Minamoto M., Oda H., Shiraishi K., Adachi S., Chiba K., Norita H., Tsuruta M., Koyanagi T., Ando H., Higashi T., Okada K., Azakami S., Komaki S., Kumeda K., Murayama T., Matsumura J., Oba Y., Sonoda R., Goto K., Minoda K., Haraguchi Y., Suefuji H., Miyagi H., Kato H., Nakamura T., Nandate H., Zaitsu R., Fujiura Y., Yoshimura A., Numata H., Ogawa J., Tatematsu H., Kamogawa Y., Murakami K., Wakasa Y., Yamasawa M., Maekawa H., Abe S., Kihara H., Tsunoda S., Saito K., Fudo T., Obunai K., Tachibana H., Oba I., Kuwahata T., Higa S., Gushiken M., Eto T., Yoshida H., Ikeda D., Ishizawa M., Nakatsuka M., Murata K., Ogurusu C., Shimoyama M., Akutsu M., Takamura I., Hoshino F., Yokota N., Iwao T., Tsuchida K., Takeuchi M., Hatori Y., Kitami Y., Nakamura Y., Oyama R., Ageta M., Go Y., Mishima K., Unoki T., Morii S., Shiga Y., Sumi H., Nagatomo T., Sanno K., Fujisawa K., Atsuchi Y., Nagoshi T., Seto T., Tabuchi T., Kameko M., Nii K., Oshiro K., Takezawa H., Nagano S., Miyamoto N., Iwaki M., Fujii M., Okawa M., Abe M., Saito T., Mito T., Nagao K., Minami J., Mita T., Sakuma I., Taguchi T., Marusaki S., Doi H., Tanaka M., Fujito T., Matsuta M., Kusumoto T., Kakinoki S., Ashida K., Yoshizawa N., Agata J., Arasaki O., Manita M., Ikemura M., Fukuoka S., Murakami H., Matsukawa S., Hata Y., Taniguchi T., Ko T., Kubo H., Imamaki M., Akiyama M., Inagaki M., Odakura H., Ueda T., Katsube Y., Nakata A., Watanabe H., Techigawara M., Igarashi M., Taga K., Kimura T., Tomimoto S., Shibuya M., Nakano M., Ito K., Seo T., Hiramitsu S., Hosokawa H., Hoshiai M., Hibino M., Miyagawa K., Horie H., Sugishita N., Soma A., Neya K., Yoshida T., Mizuguchi M., Ishiguro M., Minagawa T., Wada M., Mukawa H., Okuda F., Nagasaka S., Abe Y., Adachi T., Akahane K., Amano T., Aoki K., Aoyama T., Arai H., Arima S., Arino T., Asano H., Asano T., Azuma J., Baba T., Betsuyaku T., Chibana H., Date H., Doiuchi J., Emura Y., Endo M., Fujii Y., Fujiki R., Fujisawa A., Fujisawa Y., Fukuda T., Fukui T., Furukawa N., Furukawa T., Furumoto W., Goto T., Hamaoka M., Hanazono N., Hasegawa K., Hatsuno T., Hayashi Y., Higuchi K., Hirasawa K., Hirayama H., Hirose M., Hirota S., Honda M., Ido T., Iiji O., Ikeda H., Ikeda K., Ikeoka K., Imaizumi M., Inaba H., Inoue T., Iseki F., Ishihara A., Ishioka N., Ito N., Iwase T., Kakuda H., Kamata J., Kanai H., Kanda H., Kaneko M., Kano H., Kasai T., Kato T., Kato Y., Kawada Y., Kawai K., Kawakami K., Kawakami S., Kawamoto T., Kawano S., Kim J., Kira T., Kitazawa H., Kitazumi H., Kito T., Kobayashi T., Koeda T., Kojima J., Komatsu H., Komatsu I., Koshibu Y., Kotani T., Kozuka T., Kumai Y., Kumazaki T., Maeda I., Maeda K., Maruyama Y., Matsui S., Matsushita K., Matsuura Y., Mineoi K., Mitsuhashi H., Miura N., Miyaguchi S., Miyajima S., Miyamoto H., Miyashita A., Miyata S., Mizuguchi I., Mizuno A., Mori T., Moriai O., Morishita K., Murai O., Nagai S., Nagata E., Nagata H., Nakagomi A., Nakahara S., Nakamura M., Nakamura R., Nakanishi N., Nakayama T., Nakazato R., Nanke T., Nariyama J., Niijima Y., Niinuma H., Nishida Y., Nishihata Y., Nishino K., Nishioka H., Nishizawa K., Niwa I., Nomura K., Nomura S., Nozoe M., Ogawa T., Ohara N., Okada M., Okamoto K., Okita H., Okuyama M., Ono H., Ono T., Pearce Y. O., Oriso S., Ota A., Otaki E., Saito Y., Sakai H., Sakamoto N., Sakamoto Y., Samejima Y., Sasagawa Y., Sasaguri H., Sasaki A., Sasaki T., Sato K., Sawano M., Seki S., Sekine Y., Seta Y., Sezaki K., Shibata N., Shiina Y., Shimono H., Shimoyama Y., Shindo T., Shinohara H., Shinohe R., Shinozuka T., Shirai T., Shiraiwa T., Shozawa Y., Suga T., Sugimoto C., Suzuki K., Suzuki S., Suzuki Y., Tada M., Taguchi A., Takagi T., Takagi Y., Takahashi K., Takahashi S., Takai H., Takanaka C., Take S., Takeda H., Takei K., Takenaka K., Tana T., Tanabe G., Taya K., Teragawa H., Tohyo S., Toru S., Tsuchiya Y., Tsuji T., Tsuzaki K., Uchiyama H., Ueda O., Ueyama Y., Wakaki N., Wakiyama T., Washizuka T., Watanabe M., Yamada T., Yamagishi T., Yamaguchi H., Yamamoto T., Yamaura M., Yamazoe M., Yasui K., Yokoyama Y., Yoshida K., Ching C. K., Foo C. G., Chow J. H., Chen D. D., Jaufeerally F. R., Lee Y. M., Lim G., Lim W. T., Thng S., Yap S. Y., Yeo C., Pak H. N., Kim J. -B., Kim J. H., Jang S. -W., Kim D. H., Ryu D. R., Park S. W., Kim D. -K., Choi D. J., Oh Y. S., Cho M. -C., Kim S. -H., Jeon H. -K., Shin D. -G., Park J. S., Park H. K., Han S. -J., Sung J. H., Cho J. -G., Nam G. -B., On Y. K., Lim H. E., Kwak J. J., Cha T. -J., Hong T. J., Park S. H., Yoon J. H., Kim N. -H., Kim K. -S., Jung B. C., Hwang G. -S., Kim C. -J., Kim D. B., Ahn J. J., An H. J., Bae H., Baek A. L., Chi W. J., Choi E. A., Choi E. H., Choi H. K., Choi H. S., Han S., Heo E. S., Her K. O., Hwang S. W., Jang E. M., Jang H. -S., Jang S., Jeon H. -G., Jeon S. R., Jeon Y. R., Jeong H. K., Jung I. -A., Kim H. J., Kim J. S., Kim J. A., Kim K. T., Kim M. S., Kim S. H., Kim Y. -I., Lee C. S., Lee E. H., Lee G. H., Lee H. Y., Lee H. -Y., Lee K. H., Lee K. R., Lee M. S., Lee M. -Y., Lee R. W., Lee S. E., Lee S. H., Lee S., Lee W. Y., Noh I. K., Park A. R., Park B. R., Park H. N., Park J. H., Park M., Park Y., Seo S. -Y., Shim J., Sim J. H., Sohn Y. M., Son W. S., Son Y. S., Song H. J., Wi H. K., Woo J. J., Ye S., Yim K. H., Yoo K. M., Yoon E. J., Yun S. Y., Chawanadelert S., Mongkolwongroj P., Kanokphatcharakun K., Cheewatanakornkul S., Laksomya T., Pattanaprichakul S., Chantrarat T., Rungaramsin S., Silaruks S., Wongcharoen W., Siriwattana K., Likittanasombat K., Katekangplu P., Boonyapisit W., Cholsaringkarl D., Chatlaong B., Chattranukulchai P., Santanakorn Y., Hutayanon P., Khunrong P., Bunyapipat T., Jai-Aue S., Kaewsuwanna P., Bamungpong P., Gunaparn S., Hongsuppinyo S., Inphontan R., Khattaroek R., Khunkong K., Kitmapawanont U., Kongsin C., Naratreekoon B., Ninwaranon S., Phangyota J., Phrommintikul A., Phunpinyosak P., Pongmorakot K., Poomiphol S., Pornnimitthum N., Pumprueg S., Ratchasikaew S., Sanit K., Sawanyawisuth K., Silaruks B., Sirichai R., Sriwichian A., Suebjaksing W., Sukklad P., Suttana T., Tangsirira A., Thangpet O., Tiyanon W., Vorasettakarnkij Y., Wisaratapong T., Wongtheptien W., Wutthimanop A., Yawila S., Altun A., Ozdogru I., Ozdemir K., Yilmaz O., Aydinlar A., Yilmaz M. B., Yeter E., Ongen Z., Cayli M., Pekdemir H., Ozdemir M., Sucu M., Sayin T., Demir M., Yorgun H., Ersanli M., Okuyan E., Aras D., Abdelrahman H., Aktas O., Alpay D., Aras F., Bireciklioglu M. F., Budeyri S., Buyukpapuc M., Caliskan S., Esen M., Felekoglu M. A., Genc D., Ikitimur B., Karaayvaz E. B., Karatas S. K., Okutucu S., Ozcelik E., Quisi A., Sag H., Sahiner L., Sayin B. Y., Seker T., Alkan D. U., Yildirim E., Yildirim R., Yilmaz F., Yuksekdag V., Vensentini N., Ingaramo A. C., Sambadaro G. A., Caputi V. F., Berman S. G., Dragotto P., Kleiban A. J., Centurion N., Giacomi G., Guerrero R. A. A., Conde D., Zapata G., Di Paola L. A., Ramos J. L., Dran R. D., Egido J., Fernandez A. A., Fosco M. J., Sassone S., Sinisi V. A., Cartasegna L. R., Berli M. A., Vilamajo O. A. G., Ferroni F., Alaguibe E. D., D'Amelio A. A., Arabetti C., Arias L., Belardi J. A., Bergesio L., Berli F., Berli M., Borchowiec S., Buzzetti C., Cabrini R., Campisi V., Cappi A. L., Carrizo R., Berra F. C., Costabel J. P., Costamagna O. J. A., Damonte A. A., De Urquiza I. N., Diez F., Eden M. F., Fanuele M., Voena F. F., Torres M. F., Funosas C., Giacomi M. P., Gimenez C. H., Gurfinkel E. P., Had M. D. L. M., Hansen V., Hrabar A. D., Ingratta M., Lopez A., Maehara G., Maffei L., Martinelli A., Martinelli C., Matkovich J., Mautner B., Meirino A., Munguia R., Navarro A., Novas V., Prados G. P., Pontoriero J., Potito R. N., Ricotti C., Rodriguez M. A., Rolandi F., Palladino M. E. S., Salinger M., Sanziani L. S., Schygiel P. O., Sossich A., Tinto J. F., Tonelli L., Tufare A. L., Vallejo M., Yunis M. E., Zillo M., Zurbrigk F. J., Filho D. C. S., Jaber J., Armaganijan D., Neto J. F., Steffens A., de Souza W. K. S. B., de Souza Neto J. D., Ribeiro J. M., Teixeira M. S., Rossi P. R. F., Pires L., Moreira D., Jorge J. C. M., Filho A. M. L., Bodanese L. C., Montera M. W., Del Carlo C. H., Rodrigues T. D. R., da Costa F. A. A., Lopes A., Lopes R., Araujo G. R., Manenti E. R. F., Saraiva J. F. K., Braga J. C. F., Negri A., Souto L., Moncada C., Precoma D. B., Roquette F., Reis G., Filho R. A. R., Figueiredo E. L., Botelho R. V., Tavares C. M. D. F., Frack C. R. C., Saad J. A., Finimundi H. C., Pisani C., Chemello D., Martins M. P., Franca C. C. B., Alban F., Rosito G. B. A., Moraes Junior J. B. M. X., Tumelero R. T., Maia L. N., de Almeida R. S., do Carmo Borges N. C., Ferreira L. G. G., Agliardi P., Gomes J. A. O., Araujo V., Nakazone M. A., Barbosa T., Barroso S., Falchetto E. B., Lopes H. B., Lemos M. A. B. T., Biazus G., Queiroz L. B., Camazzola F. E., Caporale M., Cardoso Boscato S., Chieza F., Chokr M. O., Mingireanov R. C., Goes N. C., Correa C., Costa M., Ortiz C. C., da Silva L. S., Paulitsch F. D. S., da Silveira J. A., Daros E., de Araujo G. R., Del Monaco M. I., Dias C., Dias M. A., Wainstein A. P. D., Pizzato P. E., Esteves D. C., Fabri P., Fonseca T. F. L., Fernandes E., Fonseca C., Costantini C. R. F., Ferraz R. F., Freire F., Gottardo P., Guanaes D., Guizzardi S., Magedanz E. H., Igansi F., Jannuzzi F., Junior G., Komar D., Lino E. G., Lopes D., Junior O. L. D. S., Lustosa E., Macagnan A. P., Marinho M. C., Mazzoni M., Melo G., Mortari L., Mouco O. M. C. C., Vital C. N., Ormundo C., Emmer S. O., Palmegiani E., Pavani R., Pereira L., Pereira V. L., Perreira R., Poletti S., Fortunato S. C. Q., Queirantes C., Pereira N. R., Rech R. L., Ribeiro S., Rodrigues A., Roesch H., Reichert T. R., Santos D., Santos I., Santos M., Seroqui M. V., Silva S., Soares L., Spolaor L., Stoll C., Duda N. T., Trama L., Unterkircher B., Valois M. V., Vargas T., Viana T., Vicente C., Armaganijan L. V., Homem R. V., Torres L. G. V., Vila L., Filho F. V. G., Eggers G., Gutierrez C. B., Arriagada G., Cardenas S. P., Fernandez B. A. J. S., Conejeros C., Houzvic C., Cuevas P. M., Montecinos H., Forero A., Lanas F., Gomez M. L., Vilches G. C., Rey C., Astudillo C., Aguilar J., Campisto Y., Lara C., Molina E., Oyarzon J. 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A., Lincoln, T., Malone, E., Merliss, A., Merritt, D., Minardo, J., Mooso, B., Orosco, C., Palumbo, V., Parker, M., Parrott, T., Paserchia, S., Pearl, G., Peterson, J., Pickelsimer, N., Purcell, T., Raynor, J., Raziano, S., Richard, C., Richardson, T., Robertson, C., Sage, A., Sanghera, T., Shaw, P., Shoemaker, J., Smith, K., Stephanie, B., Thatcher, A., Theobald, H., Thompson, N., Treasure, L., Tripti, T., Verdi, C., and Worthy, V.
Subjects: Registrie, Male, Latin Americans, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, outcomes, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Prescription, Retrospective Studie, Risk Factors, Atrial Fibrillation, Antithrombotic, Prospective Studies, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Stroke, Anticoagulant, Atrial fibrillation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Stroke prevention, outcome, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Clinical Investigations, Hemorrhage, antithrombotic treatment, Drug Prescriptions, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Mexico, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Fibrillation, business.industry, Risk Factor, Anticoagulants, South America, medicine.disease, Drug Utilization, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, Latin American, antithrombotic treatment, atrial fibrillation, Latin American, outcomes, business
Abstract: Author(s): Jerjes-Sanchez, Carlos; Corbalan, Ramon; Barretto, Antonio CP; Luciardi, Hector L; Allu, Jagan; Illingworth, Laura; Pieper, Karen S; Kayani, Gloria; GARFIELD-AF Investigators | Abstract: BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an important preventable cause of stroke. Anticoagulation (AC) therapy can reduce this risk. However, prescribing patterns and outcomes in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) from Latin American countries are poorly described.MethodsUsing data from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-AF (GARFIELD-AF), we examined the stroke prevention strategies and the 1-year outcomes in patients from four Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico.ResultsA total of 4162 patients (2010-2014) were included in this analysis. At the time of AF diagnosis, 39.9% of patients were prescribed vitamin K antagonists (VKA) ± antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 21.8% non-VKA oral anticoagulant (NOAC) ± AP, 24.1% AP only and 14.1% no antithrombotic treatment. The proportion of moderate-high risk patients receiving no AC therapy at participating centers was highest in Mexico (46.4%) and lowest in Chile (14.3%). During 1-year follow-up, the rates of all-cause mortality, stroke/SE and major bleeding were: 5.77 (95% CI) (5.06-6.56), 1.58 (1.23-2.02), and 0.99 (0.72-1.36) and per 100 person-years, respectively, which are higher than the global rates across all countries in GARFIELD-AF. Unadjusted rates of all-cause mortality were highest in Argentina, 6.95 (5.43-8.90), and lowest in Chile, 4.01 (2.92-5.52).ConclusionsGARFIELD-AF results describes the marked variation in the baseline characteristics and patterns of antithrombotic treatments in patients with NVAF in four Latin American countries. Over one-third of patients with a moderate-to-high risk of stroke received no AC therapy, highlighting the need for improved management of patients according to national guideline. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362.
Published: 2019

45. Cross-sectional associations between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and cancer diagnosis in US adults

Author: Fiona Dempsey, Alessia Nottegar, Nicola Veronese, Tobias Raupach, Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Sarah E Jackson, Christopher Parris, Ai Koyanagi, Igor Grabovac, Louis Jacob, Lin Yang, Scott Crichton, Ce Shang, Smith, L., Parris, C., Veronese, N., Shang, C., López-Sánchez, G.F., Jacob, L., Koyanagi, A., Nottegar, A., Jackson, S.E., Raupach, T., Grabovac, I., Crichton, S., Dempsey, F., Yang, L., and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Cancer · Epidemiology, NHANES · Observational, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Observational, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Incidence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Colorectal Neoplasms, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Breast Neoplasms, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, NHANES, Humans, Aged, business.industry, Prostatic Neoplasms, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Odds ratio, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, Cancer, Epidemiology, NHANES, Observational, medicine.disease, United States, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, 030104 developmental biology, Propensity score matching, ACE inhibitor, biology.protein, business, Body mass index
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use and cancer incidence (overall, and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers specifically) in a large representative sample of US adults. Cross-sectional data on cancer diagnosis, timing of cancer diagnosis, ACE inhibitor use, and other characteristics were extracted from 49 512 adults aged ≥ 20years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2016). Multivariable-logistic and propensity score matching (PSM) regressions examined the relationship between pre-diagnosis use of ACE inhibitors and diagnosis of all cancers, and breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers specifically. Overall, we observed an increased likelihood of cancer diagnosis [odds ratio (OR) 1.269, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.088–1.480] among those who used ACE inhibitors compared to non-ACE inhibitor use, and for prostate cancer diagnosis (OR 1.438, 95% CI 1.090–1.897), after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, physical activity, alcohol drinking status, smoking status, and high blood pressure. PSM regression retrieved more conservative estimates such that the increased likelihood of cancer diagnosis was only observed when comparing ACE inhibitor users with non-drug users (OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.016–1.027). Compared with non-ACE inhibitor use, ACE inhibitor use was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. In conclusion, in this large representative sample of US adults, it was found that ACE inhibitor use may have a marginal influence on some cancers. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Published: 2020

46. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19 : A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Khanh Bao Tran, Justin J Lang, Kelly Compton, Rixing Xu, Alistair R Acheson, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, Louise Penberthy, Amirali Aali, Qamar Abbas, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Ahmed Abdelwahab Abdelwahab, Gholamreza Abdoli, Hanan Abdulkadir Abdulkadir, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hassan Abidi, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Abdorrahim Absalan, Yonas Derso Abtew, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Daniel Addison, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Oyelola A Adegboye, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina, Mohammad Adnan, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Sumia Afrin, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Sohail Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Luai A Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Wajeeha Aiman, Marjan Ajami, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Addis Aklilu, Maxwell Akonde, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Saleh Ali Alessy, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Liaqat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Nivaldo Alonso, Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Rami H Hani Al-Rifai, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, Ala'a B Al-Tammemi, Haya Altawalah, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Javad Javad Aminian Dehkordi, Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq, Hubert Amu, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Yaregal Animut Animut, Amir Anoushiravani, Ali Arash Anoushirvani, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Benny Antony, Maxwell Hubert Antwi, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Razique Anwer, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Olatunde Aremu, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Muhammad Arshad, Al Artaman, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Armin Aryannejad, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Zatollah Asemi, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Tahira Ashraf, Reza Assadi, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Tewachew Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Tegegn Mulatu Ayana, Solomon Shitu Ayen, Davood Azadi, Sina Azadnajafabad, Saber Azami-Aghdash, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Hosein Azizi, Ahmed Y Y Azzam, Amirhesam Babajani, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nader Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Saeed Bahadory, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Ahad Bakhtiari, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Maciej Banach, Indrajit Banerjee, Mainak Bardhan, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Fabio 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Jayaram, S, Jazayeri, S, Jebai, R, Jemal, B, Jeong, W, Jha, R, Jindal, H, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kacimi, S, Kadashetti, V, Kahe, F, Kakodkar, P, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamal, V, Kamangar, F, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandaswamy, E, Kandel, H, Kang, H, Kanno, G, Kapoor, N, Kar, S, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karch, A, Karimi, A, Kassa, B, Katoto, P, Kauppila, J, Kaur, H, Kebede, A, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Kejela, G, Kemp Bohan, P, Keramati, M, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khayat Kashani, H, Khazeei Tabari, M, Khezeli, M, Khodadost, M, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klugar, M, Klugarova, J, Kolahi, A, Kolkhir, P, Kompani, F, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kulimbet, M, Kumar, A, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kuttikkattu, A, La Vecchia, C, Lahiri, A, Lal, D, Lam, J, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Larijani, B, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lauriola, P, Ledda, C, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Legesse, S, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, M, Lim, S, Liu, G, Liu, J, Lo, C, Lohiya, A, Lopukhov, P, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Madadizadeh, F, Mafi, A, Magdeldin, S, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahmoudi, M, Mahmoudimanesh, M, Mahumud, R, Majeed, A, Majidpoor, J, Makki, A, Makris, K, Malakan Rad, E, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mallhi, T, Mallya, S, Mamun, M, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Martini, S, Martorell, M, Masoudi, S, Masoumi, S, Matei, C, Mathews, E, Mathur, M, Mathur, V, Mckee, M, Meena, J, Mehmood, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehrotra, R, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, S, Mensah, L, Mentis, A, Mera-Mamian, A, Meretoja, T, Merid, M, Mersha, A, Meselu, B, Meshkat, M, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Mijena, G, Miller, T, Mir, S, Mirinezhad, S, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, H, Misganaw, A, Misra, S, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohan, S, Mohseni, M, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Molassiotis, A, Molokhia, M, Momenzadeh, K, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mons, U, Montasir, A, Montazeri, F, Montero, A, Moosavi, M, Moradi, A, Moradi, Y, Moradi Sarabi, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Morrison, S, Morze, J, Mosapour, A, Mostafavi, E, Mousavi, S, Mousavi Isfahani, H, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Mubarik, S, Mulita, F, Munblit, D, Munro, S, Murillo-Zamora, E, Musa, J, Nabhan, A, Nagarajan, A, Nagaraju, S, Nagel, G, Naghipour, M, Naimzada, M, Nair, T, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Narayana, A, Nassereldine, H, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Ndejjo, R, Nduaguba, S, Negash, W, Nejadghaderi, S, Nejati, K, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Noor, N, Noori, M, Noroozi, N, Nouraei, H, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Oghenetega, O, Ogunsakin, R, Oguntade, A, Oh, I, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okekunle, A, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olakunde, B, Olufadewa, I, Omer, E, Omonisi, A, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, O, Orru, H, Otstavnov, S, Oulhaj, A, Oumer, B, Owopetu, O, Oyinloye, B, P A, M, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, J, Pakbin, B, Pakshir, K, Pakzad, R, Palicz, T, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pant, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Park, S, Patel, J, Pati, S, Paudel, R, Paudel, U, Paun, M, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Peng, M, Pereira, J, Pereira, R, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Pestell, R, Pezzani, R, Piccinelli, C, Pillay, J, Piracha, Z, Pischon, T, Postma, M, Pourabhari Langroudi, A, Pourshams, A, Pourtaheri, N, Prashant, A, Qadir, M, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, R, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi, M, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raheem, N, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, V, Rajai, N, Rajesh, A, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, A, Rashidi, M, Ratan, Z, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Rehman, A, Rehman, I, Reitsma, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Rezapour, A, Riad, A, Rikhtegar, R, Rios-Blancas, M, Roberts, T, Rohloff, P, Romero-Rodriguez, E, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, G, S, M, Saber-Ayad, M, Saberzadeh-Ardestani, B, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Safaei, M, Safary, A, Sahebazzamani, M, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sajid, M, Salari, H, Salehi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samodra, Y, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sankararaman, S, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saqib, M, Sarveazad, A, Sarvi, F, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Sayegh, N, Schneider, I, Schwarzinger, M, Sekerija, M, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Seyoum, K, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shah, P, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shahrbaf, M, Shahsavari, H, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Shaker, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharew, M, Sharifi, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, P, Shashamo, B, Sheikh, A, Sheikh, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, R, Sheikhy, A, Shepherd, P, Shetty, A, Shetty, J, Shetty, R, Shibuya, K, Shirkoohi, R, Shirzad-Aski, H, Shivakumar, K, Shivalli, S, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shokri Varniab, Z, Shorofi, S, Shrestha, S, Sibhat, M, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Sidemo, N, Silva, D, Silva, L, Silva Julian, G, Silvestris, N, Simegn, W, Singh, A, Singh, G, Singh, H, Singh, J, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sinha, D, Sinke, A, Siraj, M, Sitas, F, Siwal, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Socea, B, Soeberg, M, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Solomon, Y, Soltani-Zangbar, M, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, R, Soshnikov, S, Sotoudeh, H, Sowe, A, Sufiyan, M, Suk, R, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sultana, S, Sur, D, Szocska, M, Tabaeian, S, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, S, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taheri, E, Taheri, M, Taheri Soodejani, M, Takahashi, K, Talaat, I, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tat, N, Tat, V, Tavakoli, A, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V, Thomas, N, Ticoalu, J, Tiyuri, A, Tollosa, D, Topor-Madry, R, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Tripathy, J, Ukke, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Unnikrishnan, B, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Vardavas, C, Varthya, S, Vaziri, S, Velazquez, D, Veroux, M, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vladimirov, S, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vu, L, Wadood, A, Waheed, Y, Walde, M, Wamai, R, Wang, C, Wang, F, Wang, N, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Waris, A, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Woldemariam, M, Woldu, B, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yazdanpanah, F, Yeshaw, Y, Yismaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefian, F, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, N, Zaman, B, Zangiabadian, M, Zare, F, Zare, I, Zareshahrabadi, Z, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeineddine, M, Zhang, D, Zhang, J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhou, L, Zodpey, S, Zoladl, M, Vos, T, Hay, S, Force, L, Murray, C, Epidemiologie, RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Kuwait University (Kuwait), Ministry of Higher Education (Malasia), Lega Italiana per la Lotta ai Tumori, Health Effects Institute (Estados Unidos), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. European Research Council (ERC), Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, National Institute for Health Research (Reino Unido), National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finnish Cancer Foundation, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (India), Xiamen University (Malasia), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Panjab University (India), Sistema Nacional de Investigación (Panamá), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Panamá), Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Lung Foundation Australia, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Wellcome Trust, UNSW Sydney (Australia), ICMR - National Institute of Epidemiology (India), University of Tasmania (Australia), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (Irán), Ain Shams University (Egipto), International Center of Medical Sciences Research (Islamabad), National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), University of Oxford (Reino Unido), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (Irán), Marga und Walter Boll - Stiftung, Ministero della Salute (Italia), IRCCS Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo (Italia), King College London, Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance (India), Public Health, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, and University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division
Subjects: Male, DEATHS, DALY, cancer, risk factors, Medizin, systematic analysis, Global Health, Risk Assessment, Cancer prevention, Global Burden of Disease, RC0254, Risk-attributable cancer deaths, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, Risk Factors, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Neoplasms, cancer, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, UK, Medicine(all), MCC, RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer), Risk Factor, Smoking, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Disability-adjusted life-years, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS, Risk assessments, risk factor, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, OBESITY, Cancer burden, Neoplasm, Female, LIFE-STYLE, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, HEALTH, RA, Human, RC
Abstract: Background: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). Interpretation: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. We are grateful to the surveillance systems, including cancer registries, that generated and shared observed cancer burden data. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, Kuwait University for the approval and support to participate in this research project. H Ariffin acknowledges support from the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (grant FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/UM/01/1). F Barra acknowledges support from Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori - LILT - Bando 5 x 1000 anno 2019. L Belo and M Carvalho acknowledge the support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. A J Cohen was supported by the Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA. J Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council - ERC Starting Grant 848325. V M Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitória DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. T C Ekundayo was supported by the African-German Network of Excellence in Science (AGNES), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (AvH). N Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). J C Glasbey is support by a Doctoral Research Fellowship from the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR300175). V K Gupta and V B Gupta acknowledge funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu, A Pana, and M Ausloos acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is also partially supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported from Operational Programme Research, Development and Education–Project, Postdoc2MUNI (number CZ.02.2. 69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). M Jakovljevic acknowledges partial support through the grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. J H Kauppila acknowledges research grants from Sigrid Jusélius Foundation and the Finnish Cancer Foundation. M N Khatib acknowledges support from Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (deemed-to-be-university). Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia [XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004]. S L Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional assistance by Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). M-C Li was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2314-B-003-001). G Liu acknowledges support from the CREATE Hope scientific fellowship from Lung Foundation Australia. J Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation (72122001). J A Loureiro was supported by Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018). E Mathews is supported by a Clinical and Public Health Early Career Fellowship (grant number IA/CPHE/17/1/503345) from the DBT India Alliance/Wellcome Trust Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2018–2023). T J Meretoja was supported by an unrestricted grant from Cancer Foundation Finland sr. S Mohammed acknowledges a fellowship grant from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, outside the submitted work. M Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. L Monasta received support from the Italian Ministry of Health at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste - Italy (RC 34/2017). U Mons is supported by the Marga and Walter Boll Foundation, Kerpen, Germany. M A Moosavi acknowledges the financial support of National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB). J Musa acknowledges support from the NIH/FICK43TW011416 for research-protected time for cervical cancer research and career development at University of Jos. V Nuñez-Samudio is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT). O O Odukoya acknowledges support by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under the award number K43TW010704 for research-protected time. The content is solely the responsibility of all the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. A S Oguntade acknowledges funding by a doctoral scholarship from the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford (Oxford Population Health). J R Padubidri acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for their constant support in research collaborations. R G Pestell acknowledges support from NIH grant W81XWH1810605 Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Grant R21 CA235139-01. Z Z Piracha acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad (44000), Pakistan. R A Radhakrishnan acknowledges support from Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance - IA/CPHI/18/1/503927. U Saeed acknowledges the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges the support from Ain Shams University and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (grant number KQTD20190929172835662). H R Shahsavari acknowledges the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council. A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal for all the academic support. D A S Silva acknowledges financing in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and D A S Silva is supported in part by CNPq-Brazil (309589/2021-5). L M L R Silva was supported by project CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162, Fundo Social Europeu (FSE). Am Singh is supported by the International Graduate Research Scholarship, University of Tasmania. R Suliankatchi Abdulkader acknowledges support from ICMR—National Institute of Epidemiology. B Unnikrishnan acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. H Xiao acknowledges support from the Public Health Sciences Division of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. X Xu is supported by the University of New South Wales (Australia) Scientia Program. C Yu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 82173626) and Wuhan Medical Research Program of Joint Fund of Hubei Health Committee (grant number WJ2019H304). Sí
Published: 2022

47. Anxiety symptoms among informal caregivers in 47 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of community-based surveys

Author: Lee Smith, Mark A. Tully, Louis Jacob, Benjamin R. Underwood, Laurie T. Butler, Jae Il Shin, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Hans Oh, Nicola Veronese, Ai Koyanagi, Pinar Soysal, Yvonne Barnett, Smith, L., Shin, J.I., Oh, H., López Sánchez, G.F., Underwood, B., Jacob, L., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Butler, L., Barnett, Y., Tully, M.A., Koyanagi, A., and SOYSAL, PINAR
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Epidemiology, Psychological intervention, Anxiety, Logistic regression, Care provision, a cross-sectional analysis of community-based surveys.-, Journal of affective disorders, 2021 [Smith L., Shin J. I. , Oh H., López Sánchez G. F. , Underwood B., Jacob L., Veronese N., Soysal P., Butler L., Barnett Y., et al., -Anxiety symptoms among informal caregivers in 47 low- and middle-income countries], medicine, Humans, Developing Countries, Poverty, Anxiety, Caregivers, Low- and middle-income countries, Epidemiology, Low- and middle-income countries, business.industry, Mental health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Caregivers, Marital status, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background-\ud \ud There are no multi-country studies on the association between informal caregiving and anxiety from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, we investigated this relationship in a large predominantly nationally representative sample from 47 LMICs.\ud \ud Methods-\ud \ud Cross sectional data from the World Health Survey were analyzed. Anxiety symptoms referred to severe or extreme problems with worries or anxiety in the past 30 days.\ud \ud Information on caregiving in the past 12 months was obtained. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, household size, employment, disability, and country was conducted. Data on 237,952 individuals aged ≥18 years [mean (SD) age 38.4 (16.0) years; 50.8% female] were analyzed.\ud \ud Results-\ud \ud After adjustment for potential confounders, caregiving was positively associated with anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 1.40, 1.65). Greater number of caregiving activities was associated with higher odds for anxiety symptoms dose-dependently, with the OR (95%CI) for engagement in 5 activities (vs. no caregiving) being 2.19 (1.86–2.58).\ud \ud Conclusion-\ud \ud Caregiving is associated with higher odds for anxiety symptoms among adults in LMICs. Given the increasing importance of informal caregivers in long-term care provision and the fact that good health of caregivers is vital to sustain this system, interventions to address mental health of caregivers in LMICs are urgently needed.
Published: 2022

48. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Elysia M Alvarez, Lisa M Force, Rixing Xu, Kelly Compton, Dan Lu, Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, Jonathan M Kocarnik, James D Harvey, Alyssa Pennini, Frances E Dean, Weijia Fu, Martina T Vargas, Theresa H M Keegan, Hany Ariffin, Ronald D Barr, Yana Arturovna Erdomaeva, D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Yetunde O John-Akinola, Tyler G Ketterl, Tezer Kutluk, Marcio Henrique Malogolowkin, Prashant Mathur, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Lynn Ann Gloeckler Ries, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, Garik Barisovich Sagoyan, Iyad Sultan, Behzad Abbasi, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Amir Abdoli, Haimanot Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abidi, Hassan Abolhassani, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Juan Manuel Acuna, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Oyelola A Adegboye, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Shailesh M Advani, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Mohamad Aghaie Meybodi, Bahman Ahadinezhad, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Wajeeha Aiman, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Abdulhadi A AlAmodi, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Adugnaw Zeleke Alem, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Yosef Alemayehu, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Saqib Ali, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Motasem Alkhayyat, Sunitha Alluri, Nihad A Almasri, Sadeq Ali Al-Maweri, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Saeed Amini, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Davood Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Ayele Mamo Argaw, Muhammad Arshad, Judie Arulappan, Armin Aryannejad, Zatollah Asemi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Reza Atashzar, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Sameh Attia, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Alemu Degu Ayele, Solomon Shitu Ayen, Mohammed A Azab, Sina Azadnajafabad, Hiva Azami, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ghasem Azarian, Ahmed Y Azzam, Saeed Bahadory, Jianjun Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Huda Basaleem, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Masoud Behzadifar, Niguss Cherie Bekele, Rebuma Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Arielle Wilder Bell, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Devidas S Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Antonio Biondi, Setognal Birara, Tone Bjørge, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Archith Boloor, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Norma B Bulamu, Katrin Burkart, Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Zahid A Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Giulia Carreras, Ferrán Catalá-López, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Raja Chandra Chakinala, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Prachi P Chavan, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Devasahayam J Christopher, Dinh-Toi Chu, Michael T Chung, Joao Conde, Vera Marisa Costa, Omar B Da'ar, Omid Dadras, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Amira Hamed Darwish, Ahmad Daryani, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Sisay Abebe Debela, Takele Gezahegn G Demie, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Zeleke Geto Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Mojtaba Didehdar, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc Do, Saeid Doaei, Fariba Dorostkar, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Thomas M Drake, Michael Ekholuenetale, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Hassan El-Abid, Mostafa Ahmed Elbahnasawy, Iffat Elbarazi, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Muhammed Elhadi, Shaimaa I El-Jaafary, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Jawad Fares, Umar Farooque, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Wafa Fatima, José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Getahun Fetensa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, James L Fisher, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Piyada Gaewkhiew, Silvano Gallus, Tushar Garg, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Belete Negese Belete Gemeda, Tamiru Getachew, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Fariba Ghassemi, Nermin Ghith, Ali Gholami, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Syed Amir Gilani, Themba G Ginindza, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, James C Glasbey, Amit Goel, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Giuseppe Gorini, Houman Goudarzi, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Maximiliano Ribeiro Guerra, Avirup Guha, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Rasool Haddadi, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Alemayehu Hailu, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Rabih Halwani, Randah R Hamadeh, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, Sajid Hameed, Samer Hamidi, Shafiul Haque, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, S M Mahmudul Hasan, Seyedeh Melika Hashemi, Treska S Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Sultan H Hebo, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Michael K Hole, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Mohammad-Salar Hosseini, Mostafa Hosseini, Ali Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Mowafa Househ, Mohamed Hsairi, Junjie Huang, Nawfal R Hussein, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Kaire Innos, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Louis Jacob, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Vardhmaan Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Roksana Janghorban, Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Shubha Jayaram, Ranil Jayawardena, Seyed Behzad Jazayeri, Rime Jebai, Ravi Prakash Jha, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Leila R Kalankesh, Feroze Kaliyadan, Zul Kamal, Ashwin Kamath, Himal Kandel, Sitanshu Sekhar Kar, Ibraheem M Karaye, Amirali Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Joonas H Kauppila, Phillip M Kemp Bohan, Andre Pascal Kengne, Amene Abebe Kerbo, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Nastaran Khalili, Neda Khalili, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Maseer Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Javad Khanali, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Omid Khosravizadeh, Jagdish Khubchandani, Roba Khundkar, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Jacek A Kopec, Rajasekaran Koteeswaran, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Nuworza Kugbey, G Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Alexander Kwarteng, Carlo La Vecchia, Qing Lan, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Caterina Ledda, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yeong Yeh Lee, Yo Han Lee, James Leigh, Elvynna Leong, Bingyu Li, Jiarui Li, Ming-Chieh Li, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Stany W Lobo, Joana A Loureiro, Alessandra Lugo, Raimundas Lunevicius, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Morteza Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Alaa Makki, Shilpa Male, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Reza Malekzadeh, Ahmad Azam Malik, Mohammed A Mamun, Navid Manafi, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Santi Martini, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Clara N Matei, Manu Raj Mathur, Colm McAlinden, Ravi Mehrotra, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Tuomo J Meretoja, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ted R Miller, Alemu Basazin Mingude, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Hamed Mirzaei, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Arif Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Sara Momtazmanesh, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Ghobad Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Maliheh Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Shane Douglas Morrison, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Sumaira Mubarik, Lillian Mwanri, Ashraf F Nabhan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Chie Nagata, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Luigi Naldi, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Aparna Ichalangod Narayana, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C Nayak, Javad Nazari, Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba, Ionut Negoi, Serban Mircea Negru, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Haruna Asura Nggada, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Hamed Nosrati, Hasti Nouraei, Ali Nowroozi, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, In-Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Mojisola Morenike Oluwasanu, Emad Omar, Ahmed Omar Bali, Sokking Ong, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mayowa O Owolabi, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Adrian Pana, Anamika Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Jenil R Patel, Siddhartha Pati, Sanjay M Pattanshetty, Uttam Paudel, Renato B Pereira, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Maarten J Postma, Hadi Pourjafar, Akram Pourshams, Akila Prashant, Thejodhar Pulakunta, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Fahd Qadir, Mohammad Rabiee, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan, Ata Rafiee, Alireza Rafiei, Sima Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Aashish Rajesh, Vajiheh Ramezani-Doroh, Kamal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Sina Rashedi, Mahsa Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Goura Kishor Rath, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Reza Rawassizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia, Misganu Teshoma Regasa, Andre M N Renzaho, Maryam Rezaei, Negar Rezaei, Nima Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Aziz Rezapour, Sahba Rezazadeh-Khadem, Abanoub Riad, Ligia Estefania Rios Lopez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, S Mohammad Sajadi, Sarvenaz Salahi, Sana Salehi, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Francesco Sanmarchi, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Monika Sawhney, Susan M Sawyer, Mete Saylan, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Mario Šekerija, Endalew Gemechu Sendo, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Allen Seylani, Kenbon Seyoum, Feng Sha, Omid Shafaat, Masood Ali Shaikh, Erfan Shamsoddin, Mohammed Shannawaz, Rajesh Sharma, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Adithi Shetty, B Suresh Kumar Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, Jae Il Shin, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Parnian Shobeiri, Soraya Siabani, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Sudeep K Siddappa Malleshappa, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Guilherme Silva Julian, Achintya Dinesh Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Jitendra Kumar Singh, Surjit Singh, Abiy H Sinke, Yitagesu Sintayehu, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Lee Smith, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar, Suhang Song, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Kurt Straif, Ranjeeta Subedi, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Saima Sultana, Viktória Szerencsés, Miklós Szócska, Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Mohammadreza Tabary, Takahiro Tabuchi, Hooman Tadbiri, Majid Taheri, Amir Taherkhani, Ken Takahashi, Mircea Tampa, Ker-Kan Tan, Vivian Y Tat, Ahmad Tavakoli, Abdelghani Tbakhi, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Bekele Tesfaye, Jarnail Singh Thakur, Rekha Thapar, Aravind Thavamani, Arulmani Thiyagarajan, Nihal Thomas, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Munkhsaikhan Togtmol, Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Daniel Nigusse Tollosa, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Bach Xuan Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Gebresilasea Gendisha Ukke, Irfan Ullah, Saif Ullah, Krishna Kishore Umapathi, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Era Upadhyay, Tolassa Wakayo Ushula, Marco Vacante, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Shoban Babu Varthya, Massimiliano Veroux, Paul J Villeneuve, Francesco S Violante, Vasily Vlassov, Giang Thu Vu, Yasir Waheed, Ning Wang, Paul Ward, Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet, Yi Feng Wen, Ronny Westerman, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet, Suowen Xu, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Lin Yang, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Taklo Simeneh Yazie, Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet, Alex Yeshaneh, Yigizie Yeshaw, Birhanu Wubale Yirdaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Vesna Zadnik, Mazyar Zahir, Telma Zahirian Moghadam, Mohammad Zamani, Maryam Zamanian, Hamed Zandian, Fariba Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Jianrong Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arash Ziapour, Mohammad Zoladl, Christopher J L Murray, Christina Fitzmaurice, Archie Bleyer, Nickhill Bhakta, Alvarez E.M., Force L.M., Xu R., Compton K., Lu D., Henrikson H.J., Kocarnik J.M., Harvey J.D., Pennini A., Dean F.E., Fu W., Vargas M.T., Keegan T.H.M., Ariffin H., Barr R.D., Erdomaeva Y.A., Gunasekera D.S., John-Akinola Y.O., Ketterl T.G., Kutluk T., Malogolowkin M.H., Mathur P., Radhakrishnan V., Ries L.A.G., Rodriguez-Galindo C., Sagoyan G.B., Sultan I., Abbasi B., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdelmasseh M., Abd-Elsalam S., Abdoli A., Abebe H., Abedi A., Abidi H., Abolhassani H., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Achappa B., Acuna J.M., Adedeji I.A., Adegboye O.A., Adnani Q.E.S., Advani S.M., Afzal M.S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmad S., Ahmadi S., Ahmed M.B., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Aiman W., Akalu G.T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., AlAmodi A.A., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alem A.Z., Alem D.T., Alemayehu Y., Alhalaiqa F.N., Alhassan R.K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Alkhayyat M., Alluri S., Almasri N.A., Al-Maweri S.A., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R.M., Alvis-Guzman N., Ameyaw E.K., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Andrei T., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Anvari D., Anyasodor A.E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A.M., Arshad M., Arulappan J., Aryannejad A., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Atashzar M.R., Atorkey P., Atreya A., Attia S., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Awedew A.F., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayele A.D., Ayen S.S., Azab M.A., Azadnajafabad S., Azami H., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam A.Y., Bahadory S., Bai J., Baig A.A., Baker J.L., Banach M., Barnighausen T.W., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Basaleem H., Batiha A.-M.M., Behzadifar M., Bekele N.C., Belete R., Belgaumi U.I., Bell A.W., Berhie A.Y., Bhagat D.S., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V.S., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Birara S., Bjorge T., Bolarinwa O.A., Bolla S.R., Boloor A., Braithwaite D., Brenner H., Bulamu N.B., Burkart K., Bustamante-Teixeira M.T., Butt N.S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cao C., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catala-Lopez F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Chakinala R.C., Chakraborty P.A., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi P., Chaurasia A., Chavan P.P., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J.-Y.J., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Conde J., Costa V.M., Da'ar O.B., Dadras O., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai X., Damiani G., D'Amico E., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., De la Hoz F.P., Debela S.A., Demie T.G.G., Demissie G.D., Demissie Z.G., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derbew Molla M., Desai R., Desta A.A., Dhamnetiya D., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M.L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Didehdar M., Diress M., Djalalinia S., Do H.P., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., dos Santos W.M., Drake T.M., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbahnasawy M.A., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy H.R., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S.I., Enyew D.B., Erkhembayar R., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Faisaluddin M., Fares J., Farooque U., Fasanmi A.O., Fatima W., Ferreira de Oliveira J.M.P., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Fetensa G., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P.A., Gad M.M., Gaewkhiew P., Gallus S., Garg T., Gebremeskel T.G., Gemeda B.N.B., Getachew T., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S.-H., Ghashghaee A., Ghassemi F., Ghith N., Gholami A., Gholizadeh Navashenaq J., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Gizaw A.T., Glasbey J.C., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Gubari M.I.M., Guerra M.R., Guha A., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V.B., Gupta V.K., Haddadi R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hailu A., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamadeh R.R., Hambisa M.T., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Haque S., Hariri S., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan S.M.M., Hashemi S.M., Hassan T.S., Hassanipour S., Hay S.I., Hayat K., Hebo S.H., Heidari G., Heidari M., Herrera-Serna B.Y., Herteliu C., Heyi D.Z., Hezam K., Hole M.K., Holla R., Horita N., Hossain M.M., Hossain M.B., Hosseini M.-S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh A., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huang J., Hussein N.R., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Innos K., Irham L.M., Islam R.M., Islam S.M.S., Ismail N.E., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Janghorban R., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jazayeri S.B., Jebai R., Jha R.P., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jurisson M., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kaliyadan F., Kamal Z., Kamath A., Kandel H., Kar S.S., Karaye I.M., Karimi A., Kassa B.G., Kauppila J.H., Kemp Bohan P.M., Kengne A.P., Kerbo A.A., Keykhaei M., Khader Y.S., Khajuria H., Khalili N., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khan M.A., Khanali J., Khayamzadeh M., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Khundkar R., Kim M.S., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kolahi A.-A., Kopec J.A., Koteeswaran R., Koulmane Laxminarayana S.L., Koyanagi A., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kwarteng A., La Vecchia C., Lan Q., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Ledda C., Lee S.-W., Lee W.-C., Lee Y.Y., Lee Y.H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li B., Li J., Li M.-C., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lobo S.W., Loureiro J.A., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malekpour M.-R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A.A., Mamun M.A., Manafi N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Masoumi S.Z., Matei C.N., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mentis A.-F.A., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.G., Mesregah M.K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mingude A.B., Mirmoeeni S., Mirzaei H., Misra S., Mithra P., Mohammad K.A., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A., Mohammed S., Mohammed T.A., Moka N., Mokdad A.H., Molokhia M., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moni M.A., Moradi G., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mostafavi E., Mousavi Khaneghah A., 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Foundation, NIH - National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Estados Unidos), Epidemiologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R3 - Respiratory & Age-related Health
Subjects: adolescent cancer, global burden of disease, epidemiology, Adult, Male, Adolescent, 3122 Cancers, UNITED-STATES, Disability-Adjusted Life Year, Adolescents, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, WORLDWIDE, Neoplasms, Cause of Death, Prevalence, Humans, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Mortality, Cancer burden analyses, Cancer, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA, disease, Global burden, OUTCOMES, CHILDHOOD-CANCER, Incidence, Risk Factor, the GBD 2019 methodology, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators, CARE, Cancer control efforts, Socioeconomic Factors, Oncology, Neoplasm, Female, Young adults, Human
Abstract: Funding: J A Loureiro acknowledges support from Base Funding UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT) [CEECINST/00049/2018]. Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute. publishersversion published
Published: 2022

49. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. 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Subjects: Registrie, Male, Time Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, India, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Survival Rate, Thromboembolism, Registries, Risk Assessment, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Incidence (epidemiology), cardiovascular system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, RD1-811, Prognosi, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Survival rate, Fibrillation, business.industry, Risk Factor, ta3121, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, RC666-701, Surgery, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, business
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018

50. Prospective associations of cardiovascular disease with physical performance and disability

Author: Jacopo Demurtas, Lee Smith, Alberto Cester, Sarah E Jackson, Nicola Veronese, Ai Koyanagi, Brendon Stubbs, Francesco Bolzetta, Pinar Soysal, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Stefania Maggi, Mike Loosemore, Vania Noventa, SOYSAL, PINAR, Veronese, N., Stubbs, B., Jackson, S.E., Koyanagi, A., Noventa, V., Bolzetta, F., Cester, A., Soysal, P., Maggi, S., López-Sánchez, G.F., Loosemore, M., Demurtas, J., and Smith, L.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, WOMAC, Population, Chair stand time, Disease, Osteoarthritis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Prospective cohort study, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Gait Speed, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Confounding, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Physical Functional Performance, Cardiovascular disease, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Propensity score matching, Physical therapy, Female, Osteoarthriti, Cardiovascular disease, Chair stand time, Gait Speed, Osteoarthritis, WOMAC, business, human activities
Abstract: Background: Literature regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and incident physical performance limitations and disability in older people is equivocal. Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether CVD is longitudinally associated with incident physical performance limitations and disability in alarge population-based sample. Methods: This was an 8‑year prospective study using data collected as part of the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Participants were community-dwelling adults with knee osteoarthritis or at high risk for this condition. Diagnosed CVD was self-reported. Physical performance was assessed with measures of chair stand time and gait speed, whereas disability was assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Longitudinal associations between CVD and changes in physical performance tests (chair stand time and gait speed) and disability score were analyzed using generalized linear models with repeated measurements. Results: The analyzed sample comprised 4796 adults (mean age 61.2 years, 58.5% female), of whom 313 people (6.5%) reported CVD at baseline. During 8years of follow-up, after adjustment for 11 potential confounders measured at baseline, those with CVD experienced aworse profile in chair stand time over the 8‑year follow-up period than those without CVD (p = 0.006). Conclusion: In acohort of middle-aged and older adults with knee osteoarthritis or at high risk for this condition those with CVD experienced aworse profile in chair stand time over the 8‑year follow-up period than those without CVD; however, CVD was not significantly associated with an increased incidence of poor gait speed and disability over 8years of follow-up. Importantly, no associations were observed when utilizing propensity score matching. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Published: 2019

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