1. Radical remodeling of the Y chromosome in a recent radiation of malaria mosquitoes
- Author
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Changde Cheng, Matthew W. Hahn, Simo V. Zhang, Philippos Aris Papathanos, Nora J. Besansky, Jonathan Hnath, Xiaofang Jiang, Maria V. Sharakhova, Elisa Fiorentini, Scott J. Emrich, Nikolai Windbichler, Aaron Steele, Tania Dottorini, Nicholas H. Bergman, Diane Radune, Igor V. Sharakhov, Adam M. Phillippy, Zhijian Jake Tu, Roberto Galizi, Atashi Sharma, Omar S. Akbari, Lauren A. Assour, Sergey Koren, Tony Nolan, Alessia Cagnetti, Vladimir A. Timoshevskiy, Andrew Brantley Hall, and Andrea Crisanti
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Anopheles gambiae ,Genome, Insect ,Q1 ,Genome ,HETEROCHROMATIN ,Pacbio ,RNA-Seq ,Tandem repetitive DNA ,Y-chromosome ,Animals ,Anopheles ,Chromosomes, Insect ,Female ,Insect Vectors ,Malaria ,Phylogeny ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,X Chromosome ,Y Chromosome ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,X chromosome ,PacBio ,Genetics ,Multidisciplinary ,GENOME ,Y-хромосома ,Mosquito control ,Infectious Diseases ,PNAS Plus ,ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,SATELLITE DNA ,SEX-CHROMOSOMES ,EVOLUTION ,GENE ,SEQUENCES ,STEPHENSI ,Infection ,Sequence Analysis ,Biotechnology ,Heterochromatin ,Satellite DNA ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,малярийные комары ,Biology ,Y chromosome ,Chromosomes ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Underpinning research ,parasitic diseases ,tandem repetitive DNA ,Gene ,Human Genome ,DNA ,Sex Determination Processes ,biology.organism_classification ,Vector-Borne Diseases ,Good Health and Well Being ,030104 developmental biology ,Insect - Abstract
Y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex determination and fertility. However, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of Y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model organisms, constraining our understanding of Y biology across the tree of life. Here, we leverage long single-molecule sequencing to determine the content and structure of the nonrecombining Y chromosome of the primary African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. We find that the An. gambiae Y consists almost entirely of a few massively amplified, tandemly arrayed repeats, some of which can recombine with similar repeats on the X chromosome. Sex-specific genome resequencing in a recent species radiation, the An. gambiae complex, revealed rapid sequence turnover within An. gambiae and among species. Exploiting 52 sex-specific An. gambiae RNA-Seq datasets representing all developmental stages, we identified a small repertoire of Y-linked genes that lack X gametologs and are not Y-linked in any other species except An. gambiae, with the notable exception of YG2, a candidate male-determining gene. YG2 is the only gene conserved and exclusive to the Y in all species examined, yet sequence similarity to YG2 is not detectable in the genome of a more distant mosquito relative, suggesting rapid evolution of Y chromosome genes in this highly dynamic genus of malaria vectors. The extensive characterization of the An. gambiae Y provides a long-awaited foundation for studying male mosquito biology, and will inform novel mosquito control strategies based on the manipulation of Y chromosomes.
- Published
- 2016