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The clear-cell carcinoma of kidney is characterized by high rate of lethal outcomes. The lethality makes up to 16% in the first year after disease was diagnosed. The absence of efficient diagnostic at early stages (30% of all cases of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney are found out at late stages if there is metastatic disease) indicates the necessity of searching new biomarkers of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney. The disorders in methylation of regulatory genes of micro-RNA are one the causes of development of tumor. The purpose of the present study is to discover hyper-methylated genes of micro-RNA under clear-cell carcinoma of kidney and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic characteristics. The establishment of status of methylation of genes of micro-RNA in samples of DNA from tumor and unaltered tissue of 50 patients with clear-cell carcinoma of kidney was implemented using bisulfite conversion of DNA and subsequent methyl-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequent hyper-methylation of seven genes of micro-RNA (miR-9-1/3, miR-124a-1/2/3, miR-34b/c, miR-129-2) in tumors of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney. Out of 7 analyzed genes of micro-RNA the systems of markers on 2-4 genes in each one were compiled. According ROC-analysis, the sensitivity of 4 markers systems reaches 88%, specificity - 94% (AUC 0.83-0.84). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that hyper-methylation of 5 genes of micro-RNA (miR-9-1/3, miR-124a-1/2/3, miR-34b/c, miR-129-2) is associated with parameters of progression of clear-cell carcinoma of kidney (stage, size of tumor, degree of differentiation, metastasis in lymph nodes on remote organs). Out of genes which hyper-methylation is associated with metastasis disease (miR-9-1/3, miR-124a-1/2/3, miR-34b/c, miR-129-2) 5 prognostic systems of markers were compiled and characterized. The hyper-methylation of gene miR-129-2 is a new efficient marker of prognosis of metastasis disease (sensitivity 75% and specificity 79%, AUC 0.77) that can be combined with markers discovered in other studies.

Phlegmon of retroperitoneal cellular tissue as a complication of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (PST) was observed in 9 patients. All these patients in the first several hours after PST complained of pains in epigastrium and right hypochondrium. 2 days later the signs of pyogenous intoxication appeared. For diagnosis of complications after PST roentgenological and radionuclide methods as well as US examination and computer tomography were used. For exploration of retroperitoneal phlegmon extraperitoneal approach was employed. The phlegmon cavity was drained by number of tubes TMMK and aspiration-lavage treatment 3 patients died.

The paper is concerned with the results of a combined x-ray study of 36 patients with phlegmon of retroperitoneal fat (RF). The x-ray procedure was described, potentialities and effectiveness of each method (panoramic polypositional investigation of the chest and peritoneal cavity, a contrast study of the G.I. tract) were shown. X-ray semeiotics of phlegmon of RF of different sites, the main differential and diagnostic signs to distinguish between phlegmon and accumulation of gases of other sites and its causes, were described in detail. The accuracy of phlegmon detection with these methods was 97.2%; phlegmon was detected in 35 of 36 patients.

The paper is concerned with analysis of the results of x-ray examination of 78 patients with enterocutaneous fistulas of various etiology and site. The authors have shown the characteristic features of x-ray examination of patients in whom the fistulas were at the acute phase of their development. They have also defined the diagnostic value of the employed methods and their efficacy for the diagnosis not only of fistulas but also of related complications (inflammatory infiltrates and abscesses of the abdominal cavity, fatty phlegmon, purulent "fillings", complicated fistulas, etc.). During combined x-ray investigation accurate diagnosis of fistulas was established in 97.4% of the patients, purulent complications were revealed in 94.6%.