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1. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author: Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Latvala, Antti, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José Antonio, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Bartels, Meike, Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM van, Willemsen, Gonneke, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Turkheimer, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri
Subjects: Biological Psychology, Health Sciences, Psychology, Pediatric, Nutrition, Genetics, Prevention, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Quality Education, Adolescent, Adult, Body Height, Child, Child, Preschool, Environment, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Background, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Parenting, Parents, Quantitative Trait Loci, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Young Adult
Abstract: Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.
Published: 2020

2. Early short course of neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with COVID-19 ARDS: a propensity score analysis

Author: Li Bassi, G., Gibbons, K., Suen, J. Y., Dalton, H. J., White, N., Corley, A., Shrapnel, S., Hinton, S., Forsyth, S., Laffey, J. G., Fan, E., Fanning, J. P., Panigada, M., Bartlett, R., Brodie, D., Burrell, A., Chiumello, D., Elhazmi, A., Esperatti, M., Grasselli, G., Hodgson, C., Ichiba, S., Luna, C., Marwali, E., Merson, L., Murthy, S., Nichol, A., Ogino, M., Pelosi, P., Torres, A., P. Y., Ng, Fraser, J. F., Al-Dabbous, T., Alfoudri, H., Shamsah, M., Elapavaluru, S., Berg, A., Horn, C., Mayasi, Y., Schroll, S., Meyer, D., Velazco, J., Ploskanych, L., Fikes, W., Bagewadi, R., Dao, M., White, H., Ehlers, A., Shalabi-McGuire, M., Witt, T., Grazioli, L., Lorini, L., Grandin, E. W., Nunez, J., Reyes, T., Obriain, D., Hunter, S., Ramanan, M., Affleck, J., Veerendra, H. H., Rai, S., Russell-Brown, J., Nourse, M., Joseph, M., Mitchell, B., Tenzer, M., Abe, R., Cho, H. J., Jeong, I. S., Rahman, N., Kakar, V., Brozzi, N., Mehkri, O., Krishnan, S., Duggal, A., Houltham, S., Graf, J., Diaz, R., Orrego, R., Delgado, C., Gonzalez, J., Sanchez, M. S., Piagnerelli, M., Sarrazin, J. V., Zabert, A. /P. G., Espinosa, L., Delgado, P., Delgado, V., Rincon, D. F. B., Yanten, A. M. M., Duque, M. B., Al-Hudaib, A., Callahan, M., Taufik, M. A., Wardoyo, E. Y., Gunawan, M., Trisnaningrum, N. S., Irawany, V., Rayhan, M., Pesenti, A., Zanella, A., Leone, M., Coppola, S., Colombo, S., Antonelli, M., Carelli, S., Grieco, D. L., Asaki, M., Hoshino, K., Salazar, L., Duarte, L., Laffey, J., Mcnicholas, B., Cosgrave, D., Mccaffrey, J., Bone, A., Hakeem, Y., Winearls, J., Tallott, M., Thomson, D., Arnold-Day, C., Cupido, J., Fanie, Z., Miller, M., Seymore, L., van Straaten, D., Hssain, A. A., Aliudin, J., Alqahtani, A. -R., Mohamed, K., Mohamed, A., Tan, D., Villanueva, J., Zaqout, A., Kurtzman, E., Ademi, A., Dobrita, A., El Aoudi, K., Segura, J., Giwangkancana, G., Ohshimo, S., Hitoshi, S., Osatnik, J., Joosten, A., Yang, M., Motos, A., Arancibia, F., Williams, V., Noel, A., Luque, N., Trung, T. H., Yacoub, S., Fantini, M., Garcia, R. N. J., Alvarez, E. C., Greti, A., Ceccato, A., Sanchez, A., Vazquez, A. L., Roche-Campo, F., Franch-Llasat, D., Tuazon, D., Amato, M., Cassimiro, L., Pola, F., Ribeiro, F., Fonseca, G., Dalton, H., Desai, M., Osborn, E., Deeb, H., Arcadipane, A., Martucci, G., Panarello, G., Vitiello, C., Bianco, C., Occhipinti, G., Rossetti, M., Cuffaro, R., Cho, S. -M., Shimizu, H., Moriyama, N., Kim, J. -B., Kitamura, N., Gebauer, J., Yokoyama, T., Al-Fares, A., Buabbas, S., Alamad, E., Alawadhi, F., Alawadi, K., Tanaka, H., Hashimoto, S., Yamazaki, M., T. -H., Oh, Epler, M., Forney, C., Kruse, L., Feister, J., Williamson, J., Grobengieser, K., Gnall, E., Golden, S., Caroline, M., Shapiro, T., Karaj, C., Thome, L., Sher, L., Vanderland, M., Welch, M., Mcdermott, S., Brain, M., Mineall, S., Kimura, D., Brazzi, L., Sales, G., Ogston, T., Nagpal, D., Fischer, K., Lorusso, R., Rangappa, R., Appu, A., Carton, E. G., Sen, A., Palacios, A., Rainey, D., Samoukoviv, G., Campisi, J., Durham, L., Neumann, E., Seefeldt, C., Falcucci, O., Emmrich, A., Guy, J., Johns, C., Potzner, K., Zimmermann, C., Espinal, A., Buchtele, N., Schwameis, M., Stecher, S. -S., Singh, D., Barnikel, M., Arenz, L., Zaaqoq, A., Galloway, L. A., Merley, C., Csete, M., Quesada, L., Saba, I., Kasugai, D., Hiraiwa, H., Tanaka, T., Purnama, Y., Dewayanti, S. R., Ardiyan, Juzar, D. A., Siagian, D., Chen, Y. -S., Ratsep, I., Oigus, G., Erikson, K., Post, A. -M., Enneveer, L., Sillaots, P., Manetta, F., Mihelis, E., Sarmiento, I. C., Narasimhan, M., Varrone, M., Komats, M., Garcia-Diaz, J., Harmon, C., Satyapriya, S. V., Bhatt, A., Mokadam, N. A., Uribe, A., Gonzalez, A., Shi, H., Mckeown, J., Pasek, J., Fiorda, J., Echeverria, M., Moreno, R., Zakhary, B., Cavana, M., Cucino, A., Foti, G., Giani, M., Russotto, V., Castagna, V., Dellamore, A., Navalesi, P., Shum, H. -P., Vuysteke, A., Usman, A., Acker, A., Smood, B., Mergler, B., Sertic, F., Subramanian, M., Sperry, A., Rizer, N., Burhan, E., Rasmin, M., Akmal, E., Sitompul, F., Lolong, N., Naivedh, B., Erickson, S., Barrett, P., Dean, D., Daugherty, J., Loforte, A., Khan, I., Abraar Quraishi, M., Desantis, O., So, D., Kandamby, D., Mandei, J. M., Natanael, H., Yudhalantang, E., Lantang, A., Wijaya, S. O., Jung, A., Ng, G., W. Y., Ng, Fang, S., Tabah, A., Ratcliffe, M., Duroux, M., Adachi, S., Nakao, S., Blanco, P., Prieto, A., Sanchez, J., Nicholson, M., Butt, W., Serratore, A., Delzoppo, C., Janin, P., Yarad, E., Totaro, R., Coles, J., Pujo, B., Balk, R., Vissing, A., Kapania, E., Hays, J., Fox, S., Yantosh, G., Mishin, P., Yuliarto, S., Hari Santoso, K., Djajalaksana, S., Fatoni, A. Z., Fukuda, M., Liu, K., Battaglini, D., Jimenez, J. F. M., Bastos, D., Gaiao, S., Rusmawatiningtyas, D., Buchner, J., Cho, Y. -J., Lee, S. H., Kawasaki, T., Munshi, L., Sakiyalak, P., Nitayavardhana, P., Seitz, T., Arora, R., Kent, D., Marino, D., Parwar, S., Cheng, A., Miller, J., Fujitani, S., Shimizu, N., Madhok, J., Owyang, C., Buscher, H., Reynolds, C., Maasikas, O., Beljantsev, A., Mihnovits, V., Akimoto, T., Aizawa, M., Horibe, K., Onodera, R., Young, M., George, T., Shekar, K., Mcguinness, N., Irvine, L., Flynn, B., Endo, T., Sugiyama, K., Shimizu, K., Exconde, K., Lussier, L., Lotz, G., Malfertheiner, M., Maier, L., Dreier, E., Kusumastuti, N. P., Mccloskey, C., Dabaliz, A. -A., Elshazly, T. B., Smith, J., Szuldrzynski, K. S., Bielanski, P., Wille, K., Parhar, K. K. S., Fiest, K. M., Codan, C., Shahid, A., Fayed, M., Evans, T., Garcia, R., Gutierrez, A., Song, T., Rose, R., Bennett, S., Richardson, D., Peek, G., Arora, L., Rappapport, K., Rudolph, K., Sibenaller, Z., Stout, L., Walter, A., Herr, D., Vedadi, N., Thompson, S., Sindt, L., Rajnic, S., Ewald, C., Hoffman, J., Ying, X., Kennedy, R., Griffee, M., Ciullo, A., Kida, Y., Roca, R. F., Riera, J. I., Contreras, S., Alegre, C., Kay, C., Fischer, I., Renner, E., Taniguci, H., Fraser, J., Bassi, G. L., Suen, J., Barnett, A., Pearse, I., Abbate, G., Hassan, H., Heinsar, S., Karnik, V. A., Ki, K., Oneill, H. F., Obonyo, N., Pimenta, L. P., Reid, J. D., Sato, K., Vuorinen, A., Wildi, K. S., Wood, E. S., Yerkovich, S., Lee, J., Plotkin, D., Citarella, B. W., Hartley, E., Lubis, B., Ikeyama, T., Bhaskar, B., Jung, J. -S., Mcguinness, S., Eastwood, G., Marta, S. R., Guarracino, F., Gerle, S., Coxon, E., Claro, B., Loverde, D., Patil, N., Parrini, V., Mcbride, A., Negaard, K., Ratsch, A., Abdelaziz, A., Uribe, J. D., Peris, A., Sanders, M., Emerson, D., Kamal, M., Povoa, P., Francis, R., Cherif, A., Joseph, S., Di Nardo, M., Heard, M., Kyle, K., Blackwell, R. A., Biston, P., Jeong, H. W., Smith, R., Prawira, Y., Montrucchio, G., Garcia, A. H., Salterain, N., Meyns, B., Moreno, M., Walia, R., Mehta, A., Schweda, A., Supriatna, M., Kirakli, C., Williams, M., Kim, K. H., Assad, A., Giraldo, E., Karolak, W., Balik, M., Pocock, E., Gajkowski, E., Masafumi, K., Barrett, N., Takeyama, Y., Park, S., Amin, F., Andriyani, F. M., Sudakevych, S., Vera, M., Cornejo, R., Schwarz, P., Mardini, A. C., de Paula, T., Neto, A. S., Villoldo, A., Colafranceschi, A. S., Iglesias, A. U., Granjean, J., Melro, L. M. G., Romualdo, G. F., Gaia, D., Souza, H., Galas, F., Mendiluce, R. M., Sosa, A., Martinez, I., Kurosawa, H., Salgado, J., Hugi-MayrCharbonneau, B. E., Barzilai, V. S., Monteiro, V., de Souza, R. R., Harper, M., Suzuki, H., Adams, C., Brieva, J., Nyale, G., Eltatar, F. S., Fatani, J., Baeissa, H., Masri, A. A., Rabie, A., Hui, M. Y., Yamane, M., Jung, H., Margaret, A. M., Nacpil, N., Ruck, K., Bakken, R., Jara, C., Felton, T., Berra, L., Shah, B., Chakraborty, A., Cardona, M., Capatos, G., Akkanti, B., Orija, A., Jain, H., Ito, A., Housni, B., Low, S., Iihara, K., Chavez, J., Ramanathan, K., Zabert, G., Naidoo, K., Seppelt, I., Vandyk, M., Macdonald, S., Mcgregor, R., Siebenaler, T., Flynn, H., Lofton, K., Aokage, T., Shigemitsu, K., Moscatelli, A., Fiorentino, G., Baumgaertel, M., Mba, S. E., Assy, J., Hutahaean, A., Roush, H., Sichting, K. A., Alessandri, F., Burns, D., Salt, G., Garabedian, C. P., Millar, J., Sim, M., Mattke, A., Mcauley, D., Tadili, J., Frenzel, T., Bar-Lavie, Y., Ortiz, A. B., Stone, J., Attokaran, A., Farquharson, M., Patel, B., Gunning, D., Baillie, K., Watson, P., Tamai, K., Sajinadiyasa, G. K., Kanyawati, D., Salgado, M., Sassine, A., Yudo, B., Mccaul, S., Lee, B., Lee, S. M., Afek, A., Iwashita, Y., Semedi, B. P., Metiva, J., Van Belle, N., Martin-Loeches, I., Ivatt, L., Woon, C. Y., Kang, H. M., Smith, T., James, E., Al-Rawas, N., Iwasaki, Y., King-Chung, K. C., Gudzenko, V., Hugi-Mayr, B., Taccone, F., Perdhana, F., Lamarche, Y., Ribeiro, J. M., Bradic, N., Van den Bossche, K., Lansink, O., Singh, G., Debeuckelaere, G., Stelfox, H. T., Yi, C., Elia, J., Tribble, T., Shankar, S., Padmanabhan, R., Hallinan, B., Paoletti, L., Leyva, Y., Fykuda, T., Badulak, J., Koch, J., Hackman, A., Janowaik, L., Hernandez, D., Osofsky, J., Donadello, K., Lawang, A., Fine, J., Davidson, B., Vazquez, A. O. R., COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, and Consortium, COVID-19 Critical Care
Subjects: Male, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, COVID-19, Intensive care unit, Mechanical ventilation, Neuromuscular blocking agent, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Middle Aged, Propensity Score, Respiration, Artificial, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Respiration, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Settore MED/41 - Anestesiologia, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Artificial, Human medicine
Abstract: Background The role of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate in COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS the impact of early use of NMBAs on 90-day mortality, through propensity score (PS) matching analysis. Methods We analyzed a convenience sample of patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, admitted to 244 intensive care units within the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, from February 1, 2020, through October 31, 2021. Patients undergoing at least 2 days and up to 3 consecutive days of NMBAs (NMBA treatment), within 48 h from commencement of IMV were compared with subjects who did not receive NMBAs or only upon commencement of IMV (control). The primary objective in the PS-matched cohort was comparison between groups in 90-day in-hospital mortality, assessed through Cox proportional hazard modeling. Secondary objectives were comparisons in the numbers of ventilator-free days (VFD) between day 1 and day 28 and between day 1 and 90 through competing risk regression. Results Data from 1953 patients were included. After propensity score matching, 210 cases from each group were well matched. In the PS-matched cohort, mean (± SD) age was 60.3 ± 13.2 years and 296 (70.5%) were male and the most common comorbidities were hypertension (56.9%), obesity (41.1%), and diabetes (30.0%). The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death at 90 days in the NMBA treatment vs control group was 1.12 (95% CI 0.79, 1.59, p = 0.534). After adjustment for smoking habit and critical therapeutic covariates, the HR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.72, 1.61, p = 0.729). At 28 days, VFD were 16 (IQR 0–25) and 25 (IQR 7–26) in the NMBA treatment and control groups, respectively (sub-hazard ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.67, 1.00, p = 0.055). At 90 days, VFD were 77 (IQR 0–87) and 87 (IQR 0–88) (sub-hazard ratio 0.86 (95% CI 0.69, 1.07; p = 0.177). Conclusions In patients with COVID-19 and moderate-to-severe ARDS, short course of NMBA treatment, applied early, did not significantly improve 90-day mortality and VFD. In the absence of definitive data from clinical trials, NMBAs should be indicated cautiously in this setting.
Published: 2022
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3. Parental education and genetics of body mass index from infancy to old age: a pooled analysis of 29 twin cohorts

Author: Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Sugawara, Masumi, Tanaka, Mami, Matsumoto, Satoko, Aaltonen, Sari, Piirtola, Maarit, Freitas, Duarte L, Maia, José A, Öncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Saudino, Kimberly J, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina EM, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth JF, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Silberg, Judy L, Maes, Hermine H, Krueger, Robert F, McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Harris, Jennifer R, Nilsen, Thomas S, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Lichtenstein, Paul, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Boomsma, Dorret I, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, and Kaprio, Jaakko
Subjects: Adult, Male, Parents, Adolescent, parental education, Twins, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Infant, body mass index, Middle Aged, Article, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Humans, genetics, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, international comparisons, Child, Aged
Abstract: Objective: To analyze how parental education modifies the genetic and environmental variances of body mass index (BMI) from infancy to old age in three geographic-cultural regions. Methods: A pooled sample of 29 cohorts including 143 499 twin individuals with information on parental education and BMI from 1 to 79 years (299 201 BMI measures) was analyzed by genetic twin modeling. Results: Until 4 years of age, parental education was not consistently associated with BMI. Thereafter, higher parental education was associated with lower BMI in males and females. Total and additive genetic variances of BMI were smaller in the offspring of highly educated parents than in those whose parents had low education. Especially in North American and Australian children, environmental factors shared by co-twins also contributed to the higher BMI variation in the low educational category. In Europe and East Asia, the associations of parental education with mean BMI and BMI variance were weaker than in North America and Australia. Conclusions: Lower parental education is associated with higher mean and larger genetic variance of BMI after early childhood, especially in the obesogenic macro-environment. The interplay between genetic predisposition, childhood social environment and macro-social context is important for socio-economic differences in BMI.
Published: 2019

4. Balance and mobility relationships in older adults: A representative population-based cross-sectional study in Madeira, Portugal

Author: Duarte L. Freitas, Adilson Marques, Andreas Ihle, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, and Matthias Kliegel
Subjects: Male, Balance, Gait pattern, Aging, Functional training, Health (social science), Cross-sectional study, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Humans, Aerobic exercise, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Mobility Limitation, Functional fitness, Exercise, Gait, Postural Balance, Aged, Balance (ability), 030214 geriatrics, Physical activity, business.industry, Falls' risk factors, Middle Aged, Explained variation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, ddc:618.97, Accidental Falls, Female, Falls’ risk factors, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Cadence, Gerontology, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Background Balance and mobility impairments are important modifiable risk factors associated with falls in older people. Purpose To investigate how different functional fitness components relate to balance and mobility, after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and different physical activity (PA) domains. Methods This representative cross-sectional study included 802 individuals, 401 males and 401 females (69.8 ± 5.6 years) from Madeira, Portugal. The Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB) scale was used to assess balance. Mobility in terms of gait velocity, cadence, stride length, and gait stability ratio (GSR) were assessed using the 50-foot Walk test. PA was assessed through a face-to-face interview using the Baecke questionnaire, and functional fitness was assessed with Senior Fitness tests (strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance). Results Balance and mobility were negatively associated with age and BMI, and positively related to PA and functional fitness. Moreover, male presented better performance in balance and mobility. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that functional fitness explained the highest amount of variance in balance and all mobility parameters (over and above age, sex, BMI, and PA). Specifically, entering functional fitness components significantly increased explained variance in FAB (+19%), gait velocity (+25%), cadence (+15%), stride length (+9%), and GSR (+ 31%). In these models, aerobic endurance consistently had the strongest contribution. Conclusion Strength, flexibility, and especially aerobic endurance, over and above non-modifiable variables like age and sex, are crucial for maintaining or improving balance and mobility and, thereby, prevent falls in older people.
Published: 2019

5. Genetics of Somatotype and Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents

Author: António M. Antunes, Duarte L. Freitas, Aline Jelenkovic, Sara Pereira, José Maia, Martine Thomis, Jaakko Kaprio, Johan Lefevre, Élvio R. Gouveia, Karri Silventoinen, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Population Research Unit (PRU), Center for Population, Health and Society, Sociology, University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland
Subjects: Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, Male, Physical fitness, Age categories, Twins, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, heritability, Physical strength, 0302 clinical medicine, STRENGTH, 0601 history and archaeology, Child, risk-factors, Motor ability, Anthropometry, HERITABILITY, 4. Education, phenotypes, dominant somatotype, 06 humanities and the arts, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Female, Anatomy, Psychology, strength, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, adulthood, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, PHENOTYPES, components, 03 medical and health sciences, SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM, Genetics, Humans, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Science & Technology, 060101 anthropology, Portugal, business.industry, Somatotypes, COMPONENTS, Genetic Variation, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Heritability, sexual-dimorphism, BODY-MASS INDEX, Physical Fitness, Anthropology, RISK-FACTORS, business, Body mass index, Demography, DOMINANT SOMATOTYPE
Abstract: Objectives To analyze the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the variation in somatotype, physical fitness, and their mutual associations. Methods Twins from 214 pairs (87 monozygotic) of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, from 3 to 18 years of age (51% girls) were assessed in anthropometry and physical fitness tests. We estimated endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy based on anthropometric measures and physical fitness using the Eurofit test battery. Two age categories were analyzed: children (3-11 years) and adolescents (12-18 years). Genetic and environmental variations were estimated using quantitative genetic twin modeling. Results No genetic sex differences were found, thus boys and girls were pooled in all genetic analyses. Heritability estimates were high for somatotype (a(2)= 0.80-0.93), physical fitness traits (a(2)= 0.67-0.83), and largely similar in children and adolescents. Positive correlations were found for ectomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with muscular strength (r= 0.25-0.37). In contrast, negative associations were found for ectomorphy with muscular strength, as well as for endomorphy and mesomorphy with motor ability and cardiorespiratory endurance (-0.46 to -0.26). Twin modeling indicated that these associations were explained mostly by genetic factors in common to the two associated traits (84% or more). Conclusions Associations between somatotype and physical fitness tests are mainly explained by common genetic background in children and adolescents. Therefore, interventions in youth should consider that a child's performance in physical fitness tests partly reflects their inherited physique. Academy of Finland, Grant/Award Number: #312073; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Grant/Award Number: POCI/DES/56834/2004
Published: 2021

6. Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education

Author: Satoko Matsumoto, Catherine Tuvblad, Duarte L. Freitas, Aline Jelenkovic, Ruth J. F. Loos, Amie E. Hwang, Jaakko Kaprio, Fuling Ji, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Reijo Sund, Sooji Lee, Masumi Sugawara, Dorret I. Boomsma, Judy L. Silberg, Jina Kim, Gonneke Willemsen, Robert Vlietinck, Jennifer R. Harris, Paul Lichtenstein, Hermine H. Maes, Wendy Cozen, José Maia, Clare H. Llewellyn, Lior Abramson, Emanuela Medda, Eric Turkheimer, Tessa L. Cutler, Robert F. Krueger, Catherine Derom, Fazil Aliev, Antti Latvala, Hoe Uk Jeong, Ingunn Brandt, Ariel Knafo-Noam, David A. Butler, Zengchang Pang, John L. Hopper, Thomas M. Mack, Sevgi Y. Öncel, David Mankuta, Karri Silventoinen, Robin P. Corley, Vilhelmina Ullemar, K. Paige Harden, Kimberly J. Saudino, Kelly L. Klump, Feng Ning, William S. Kremen, Tracy L. Nelson, Virgilia Toccaceli, Shandell Pahlen, Joohon Sung, Carol E. Franz, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Yoshie Yokoyama, Thomas Sevenius Nilsen, Yoon-Mi Hur, Lorenza Nisticò, Catarina Almqvist, Meike Bartels, Matt McGue, Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Mami Tanaka, Laura A. Baker, Brooke M. Huibregtse, S. Alexandra Burt, Jooyeon Lee, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Michael J. Lyons, Margaret Gatz, Esther Rebato, Abigail Fisher, Keith E. Whitfield, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, KKÜ, Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Population Research Unit (PRU), Center for Population, Health and Society, Sociology, HUS Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Biological Psychology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Methodology
Subjects: Male, Parents, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), 0301 basic medicine, LOCI, lcsh:Medicine, Genome-wide association study, CHILDREN, heritability, Quantitative trait, project, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aetiology, Gene–environment interaction, Young adult, Child, lcsh:Science, Pediatric, Multidisciplinary, Parenting, HERITABILITY, twins, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, maternal education, TWINS, Child, Preschool, loci, MATERNAL EDUCATION, GROWTH, Female, Genetic Background, PROJECT, Adult, Adolescent, Offspring, growth, Quantitative Trait Loci, Environment, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, Article, Quantitative Trait, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, children, Genetics, Humans, Human height, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Preschool, Heritable, Nutrition, Prevention, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Heritability, Newborn, Body Height, Quality Education, 030104 developmental biology, genome-wide association, Variance decomposition of forecast errors, Heritable quantitative trait, Gene-Environment Interaction, lcsh:Q, Demography
Abstract: Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; Magnusson, Patrik KE/0000-0002-7315-7899; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X; Aliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079; van Beijsterveldt, Toos/0000-0002-6617-4201; Knafo-Noam, Ariel/0000-0003-0613-1960; Latvala, Antti/0000-0001-5695-117X; Loos, Ruth/0000-0002-8532-5087; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236 WOS:000560040700031 PubMed: 32409744 Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis. Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) [340-2013-5867]; Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects)Stockholm County Council; Swedish Heart-Lung FoundationSwedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2017-00641]; Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008]; European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC); Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA); KNAW Academy Professor Award [PAH/6635]; ENGAGE - European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology [201413]; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease GeneticsAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 308248, 312073, 264146]; Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium); Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [HEALTH-F4-2007-201413]; BioSHaRE EU [HEALTH-F4-2010-261433, POCI/DES/56834/2004]; Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]); Krkkale University Research Grant: KKU [2009/43]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program [R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R21 AG039572]; California Twin Program; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging - National Institute on Aging [1RO1-AG13662-01A2, DA011015, 5T32DA017637, 5T32AG052371]; Michigan State University [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01]; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-HD066040]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [11-SPG-2518]; MSU Foundation - National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH58354, AA023322, HD081437]; Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging; National Institute of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, R01 AG022982]; VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health; Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation [NRF 2011-220-E00006]; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1 B00047]; West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry [15H05105]; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Centre of Research Excellence Grant [1079102]; National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [240994]; [266592] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). The CATSS-Study is supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) framework grant no 340-2013-5867, grants provided by the Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation. The Swedish Twin Registry is managed by Karolinska Institutet and receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under the grant no 2017-00641. Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; Amsterdam Public Health (APH); the European Research Council (ERC - 230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA) and the KNAW Academy Professor Award (PAH/6635) to DIB. Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE - European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 308248, 312073 and 264146 to J Kaprio). Since its origin the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Data collection and research stemming from the Norwegian Twin Registry is supported, in part, from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programmes ENGAGE Consortium (grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, and BioSHaRE EU (grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2010-261433). Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness and health: the Madeira family study Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004 Founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]). S.Y. oncel and F. Aliev are supported by Krkkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. K Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01ESO15150-01). The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. Colorado Twin Registry is funded byNIDA funded center grant DA011015, & Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637 and 5T32AG052371.; The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health. The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). The Texas Twin Project is currently funded by grants AA023322 and HD081437 from the National Institutes of Health. Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging was supported by National Institute of Health grants NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, and R01 AG022982, and, in part, with resources of the VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health. The Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA/NIH, or the VA. The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AG039572. Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1 B00047). The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This research was facilitated through access to Twins Research Australia, a national resource supported by a Centre of Research Excellence Grant (ID: 1079102), from the National Health and Medical Research Council. Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo.
Published: 2020

7. Development of Physical Performance Tasks during Rapid Growth in Brazilian Children: The Cariri Healthy Growth Study

Author: Duarte L. Freitas, Go Tani, Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones, José Maia, Hudday Mendes, Alcibiades Bustamante Valdivia, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Simonete Silva, and António Prista
Subjects: Multi-stage fitness test, Male, Adolescent, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biological age, Health Status, peak height velocity, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, peak physical performance, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Child, DESENVOLVIMENTO FÍSICO, Sex Characteristics, Hand Strength, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Age Factors, Age cohorts, 030229 sport sciences, Standing long jump, Adolescent Development, Physical Functional Performance, Body Height, children and adolescents, Peak velocity, Physical performance, Female, growth rate, business, Brazil, Demography
Abstract: Growth and physical performance scores were studied around three years of attainment of peak height velocity (PHV). We aimed to estimate the age at peak velocity, or at peak rate, in physical performance tasks, and sex-differences when aligned by biological age. A total of 131 boys and 123 girls, 8 to 14 years of age were recruited from the Cariri region of Brazil. A mixed longitudinal design was used with four overlapping age cohorts: 8, 10, 12, and 14 years, followed for three years, with measurements performed at 6 month intervals. Height, 12 min run (12mR), handgrip strength (HG), standing long jump (SLJ), and shuttle run (SR) velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Age at PHV was 13.4 &plusmn, 1.6 years in boys compared with 12.2 &plusmn, 2.3 years in girls. Maximal velocity in SLJ was attained 6 and 3 months prior to PHV in boys and girls, respectively. For HG, peaks were attained 9 months after PHV in boys and 15 months after PHV in girls. Maximal velocity in 12mR was attained 6 months before PHV in boys and at PHV in girls, whereas a peak in SR occurred 12 months after PHV in both sexes. In conclusion, dynamic changes in physical performance relative to PHV appear similar in both sexes, although sex differences were evident in some motor tests.
Published: 2019
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8. The CODATwins Project: The Current Status and Recent Findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins

Author: Xiaohu Ding, Masumi Sugawara, L H Bogl, Karri Silventoinen, Ingunn Brandt, Fazil Aliev, José Maia, Ruth Krasnow, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Axel Skytthe, Laura A. Baker, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Kimberly J. Saudino, Frank Vitaro, P Tynelius, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Tom A. McAdams, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Alice M. Gregory, Robert Vlietinck, Judy L. Silberg, Sooji Lee, Ginette Dionne, Richard Saffery, Rie Tomizawa, Mingguang He, S. A. Burt, Gary E. Swan, Matt McGue, Dongfeng Zhang, Jennifer R. Harris, Ruth J. F. Loos, Liming Li, Clare H. Llewellyn, Nancy L. Pedersen, Lior Abramson, Kaare Christensen, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Emanuela Medda, Brooke M. Huibregtse, Mami Tanaka, Gonneke Willemsen, Canqing Yu, Paulo H. Ferreira, Kelly L. Klump, Tracy L. Nelson, David Laszlo Tarnoki, Thomas Sevenius Nilsen, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Satoko Matsumoto, William S. Kremen, Michel Boivin, Lucas Calais-Ferreira, Juan F. Sánchez-Romera, A K Dahl Aslan, Lise Dubois, Mara Brendgen, Carol E. Franz, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Zengchang Pang, Norio Sakai, Shandell Pahlen, N. G. Martin, Catherine Tuvblad, Sisira Siribaddana, Sevgi Y. Öncel, Sari Aaltonen, Yoshie Yokoyama, Duarte L. Freitas, Hang A Park, Massimo Mangino, Syuichi Ooki, Paul Lichtenstein, Qihua Tan, H-U Jeong, Claire M. A. Haworth, Catarina Almqvist, Aline Jelenkovic, Meike Bartels, John L. Hopper, Amie E. Hwang, Fujio Inui, Jeffrey M. Craig, Jaakko Kaprio, Thomas M. Mack, Maarit Piirtola, Reijo Sund, Juan R. Ordoñana, Andreas Busjahn, Abigail Fisher, Vilhelmina Ullemar, Robert F. Krueger, Feng Ning, Tessa L. Cutler, Catherine Derom, Jooyeon Lee, Wendy Cozen, Grant W. Montgomery, Gombojav Bayasgalan, K P Harden, David A. Butler, Chika Honda, Thalia C. Eley, Finn Rasmussen, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Matthew Hotopf, Y-M Hur, David Mankuta, Morten Sodemann, Virgilia Toccaceli, Dorret I. Boomsma, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, Dedra Buchwald, Antti Latvala, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Keith E. Whitfield, Robert Plomin, Joohon Sung, Fuling Ji, Tim D. Spector, Mikio Watanabe, Jacob v. B. Hjelmborg, Genevieve Lachance, Glen E. Duncan, Hermine H. Maes, S. E. Medland, Robin P. Corley, Vinícius Cunha Oliveira, Athula Sumathipala, Lorenza Nisticò, Kerry L. Jang, Wenjing Gao, Christian Kandler, C.E.M. van Beijsterveldt, Margaret Gatz, Esther Rebato, Michael J. Lyons, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de psychoéducation, Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, Demography, Population Research Unit (PRU), Center for Population, Health and Society, Sociology, Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, APH - Mental Health, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Biological Psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, and APH - Methodology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Aging, Databases, Factual, Twins, ADULTHOOD, heritability, BIRTH COHORTS, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, OLD-AGE, Twins, Dizygotic, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Genetics (clinical), education, International comparisons, 1184 Genetics, developmental biology, physiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Middle Aged, Child, Preschool, INFANCY, Female, Psychology, birth size, Adult, Adolescent, RJ, Birth weight, Article, POOLED ANALYSIS, 03 medical and health sciences, BMI, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION, medicine, Humans, Socioeconomic status, METAANALYSIS, Aged, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Heritability, medicine.disease, Obesity, Zygosity, Body Height, BODY-MASS INDEX, 030104 developmental biology, Socioeconomic Factors, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Gene-Environment Interaction, international comparisons, Body mass index, Demography, height
Abstract: Loos, Ruth J F/0000-0002-8532-5087; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; Kandler, Christian/0000-0002-9175-235X; Hjelmborg, Jacob/0000-0001-9630-9149; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Siribaddana, Sisira/0000-0001-5821-2557; Plomin, Robert/0000-0002-0756-3629; Latvala, Antti/0000-0001-5695-117X; Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; Pahlen, Shandell/0000-0003-0753-4155; Pedersen, Nancy/0000-0001-8057-3543; Haworth, Claire/0000-0002-8608-289X; Nistico, Lorenza/0000-0003-1805-6240; Skytthe, Axel/0000-0002-8629-4913; van Beijsterveldt, Toos/0000-0002-6617-4201; Rebato, Esther/0000-0003-1221-8501; Li, Lintao/0000-0002-0604-9660; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079; Cunha Oliveira, Vinicius/0000-0002-8658-3774; Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; Sodemann, Morten/0000-0001-8992-2500; Rasmussen, Finn/0000-0001-7915-7809; Harden, Kathryn/0000-0002-1557-6737; Medda, Emanuela/0000-0003-4837-4549; Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm/0000-0003-2981-0245; Colodro Conde, Lucia/0000-0002-9004-364X WOS: 000517442200060 PubMed: 31364586 The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural-geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status. Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [266592, 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 264146]; Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program; Centre of Research Excellence Grant from the National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1079102]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375, 1R01ESO15150-01, R21 AG039572]; National Medical Research Council Research Fellowship; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; National Institute on AgingUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) [1RO1-AG13662-01A2]; Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) [340-2013-5867]; Swedish Heart-Lung FoundationSwedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation; Special Fund for Health Scientific Research in the Public Welfare, China [201502006]; NIDAUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [DA011015, HD10333]; National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Research Council for Health and Disease; Velux Foundation; US National Institute of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P01 AG08761]; Fund of Scientific Research, FlandersFWO; ENGAGE - European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007 [201413]; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease GeneticsAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; W T Grant Foundation; University of London Central Research fund; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G81/343, G120/635]; Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic & Social Research Council (ESRC) [RES-000-22-2206]; Institute of Social Psychiatry [06/07-11]; Leverhulme Research FellowshipLeverhulme Trust [RF/2/RFG/2008/0145]; Goldsmiths, University of London; UK Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [MR/M021475/1, G0901245]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; NIHUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01AG053217, RC2 HL103416]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [81125007]; Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation [NRF 2011-220-E00006]; European Research Council (ERC)European Research Council (ERC) [240994]; Michigan State University; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01, 1R01-MH118848-01]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01-HD066040]; MSU Foundation [11-SPG-2518]; Fundacion Seneca, Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain [08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10, 19479/PI/14]; Ministry of Science and Innovation, SpainSpanish Government [PSI2009-11560, PSI2014-56680-R]; MagW/ZonMW [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192]; European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC-230374]; JSPS KAKENHI JP [23593419, 24792601, 26671010, 24590695, 26293128, 16K15385, 16K15978, 16K15989, 16H03261]; Australian National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [437015, 607358]; Bonnie Babes Foundation [BBF20704]; Financial Markets Foundation for Children [032-2007]; Victorian Government; Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]) [POCI/DES/56834/2004]; Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC); European UnionEuropean Union (EU); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)National Institute for Health Research (NIHR); King's College London; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la CultureFQRNT; Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du QuebecFonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Health Research Development Program; Canadian Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center; Canada Research Chair ProgramCanada Research Chairs; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1 B00047]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2017-00641]; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [31/D19086]; MRCMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [MR/M021475/1]; Krkkale University [2009/43]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH58354]; National Institute of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, R01 AG022982]; VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health; Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15H05105]; Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects)Stockholm County Council; Twins, a nonprofit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium); [5T32DA017637]; [5T32AG052371] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). K Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. This research was facilitated through access to Twins Research Australia, a national resource supported by a Centre of Research Excellence Grant (ID: 1079102), from the National Health and Medical Research Council. The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. Paulo Ferreira is funded by a National Medical Research Council Research Fellowship. California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01ESO15150-01).; The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The CATSS-Study is supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) framework grant no 340-2013-5867, grants provided by the Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation.; Chinese National Twin Registry is funded by Special Fund for Health Scientific Research in the Public Welfare (Project No: 201502006), China. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA-funded center grant DA011015, & Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637 and 5T32AG052371. Danish Twin Registry is supported by the National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, The Research Council for Health and Disease, the Velux Foundation and the US National Institute of Health (P01 AG08761). Since its origin, the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a nonprofit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE - European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145 and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278 and 264146 to J Kaprio). Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Waves 1-3 of Genesis 12-19 were funded by the W T Grant Foundation, the University of London Central Research fund and a Medical Research Council Training Fellowship (G81/343) and Career Development Award (G120/635) to Thalia C. Eley. Wave 4 was supported by grants from the Economic and Social Research Council (RES-000-22-2206) and the Institute of Social Psychiatry (06/07-11) to Alice M. Gregory, who was also supported at that time by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship (RF/2/RFG/2008/0145). Wave 5 was supported by funding to Alice M. Gregory from Goldsmiths, University of London. T. C. Eley is partly funded by a program grant from the UK Medical Research Council (MR/M021475/1).; This study presents independent research [partly] funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The Minnesota Twin Registry (MTR) acknowledges support from NIH grant R01AG053217. Guangzhou Twin Eye Study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant #81125007). Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 and 1R01-MH118848-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD or the National Institutes of Health. The Murcia Twin Registry is supported by Fundacion Seneca, Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain (08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10 & 19479/PI/14) and Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (PSI2009-11560 & PSI2014-56680-R). The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AG039572. Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); the European Research Council (ERC-230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Osaka University Aged Twin Registry is supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI JP (23593419, 24792601, 26671010, 24590695, 26293128, 16K15385, 16K15978, 16K15989, 16H03261). PETS was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant numbers 437015 and 607358 to JC, and RS), the Bonnie Babes Foundation (grant number BBF20704 to JMC), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (grant no. 032-2007 to JMC), and by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program.; Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness and health: the Madeira family study Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004 Founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]). TwinsUK receives funding from the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council and European Union.; TwinsUK and M. Mangino are supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)-funded BioResource, Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in partnership with King's College London. The Quebec Newborn Twin Study acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the National Health Research Development Program, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center, and the Canada Research Chair Program (Michel Boivin). South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1 B00047). We acknowledge The Swedish Twin Registry for access to data. The Swedish Twin Registry is managed by Karolinska Institutet and receives funding through the Swedish Research Council under the grant no. 2017-00641.; The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (G0901245) from the UK Medical Research Council and the work on obesity in TEDS is supported in part by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (31/D19086). Currently TEDS is supported by MRC grant 'MR/M021475/1'. The Texas Twin Project is currently funded by grant R01HD083613 from the National Institutes of Health. S. Y. oncel and F. Aliev are supported by Krkkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). Washington State Twin Registry (formerly the University of Washington Twin Registry) was supported in part by grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D. Buchwald, PI). Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging was supported by National Institute of Health grants NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381 and R01 AG022982, and, in part, with resources of the VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health. The Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA/NIH, or the VA. The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Published: 2019

9. Tracking of gross motor coordination in Portuguese children

Author: Go Tani, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Alcibíades Bustamante, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, José Maia, and Duarte L. Freitas
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, education, Gross motor skill, Physical fitness, Subcutaneous Fat, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Audiology, Subcutaneous fat, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lower body, PORTUGAL, Gross motor coordination, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Mass index, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Children, Exercise, Simulation, Anthropometry, Portugal, business.industry, Tracking, Longitudinal studies, 030229 sport sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Tracking (education), business, Kappa
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the tracking of gross motor coordination (GMC) and to profile children at 6 years of age who consistently showed higher stability patterns in different levels of GMC. The participants were 245 children (123 boys and 122 girls) who were assessed longitudinally from 6 to 9 years of age. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest fur Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, physical activity, and health- and performance-related physical fitness were also measured. Cohen's kappa (κ) was used to estimate tracking. Tracking was poor for all GMC tests (0.17 ≤ κ ≤ 0.38) and moderate for the GMC motor quotient (MQ) in both boys and girls (0.44 ≤ κ ≤ 0.45). Instability at the extremes was low in GMC tests and negligible for MQ. Children who consistently showed high GMC levels during the 4 years of follow-up were lighter, had lower body mass index and subcutaneous fat, and showed higher scores in physical fitness tests at 6 years of age than those who consistently had low GMC levels. In conclusion, GMC showed low-to-moderate tracking over time in childhood. However, children who consistently demonstrated high GMC levels over time had healthier profiles at 6 years of age.
Published: 2017

10. Familial resemblance in gross motor coordination. The Peruvian Sibling Study on Growth and Health

Author: David F. Stodden, Alcibiades Bustamante Valdivia, Sara Pereira, Duarte L. Freitas, Go Tani, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, José Maia, Donald Hedeker, António Prista, Raquel Nichele de Chaves, and Rafael dos Santos Henrique
Subjects: Familial aggregation, Male, Aging, Youth, Adolescent, Physiology, Epidemiology, education, Gross motor skill, Biology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Peru, Genetics, Gross motor coordination, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sexual Maturation, Sibling, Child, Anthropometry, Siblings, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Family aggregation, 030229 sport sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, PERU, Female
Abstract: The development of gross motor coordination (GMC) is governed by biological and environmental factors whose effect sizes are still unclear.To investigate sibling resemblance in GMC, as well as biological and environmental correlates of GMC among Peruvian children.The sample comprised 1256 biological siblings (6-15 years old), from three geographical areas of Peru. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest für Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, biological maturation and physical fitness (PF) were also measured. Multilevel modelling was performed using Stata 14 software.In general, sister-sister pairs (SS) showed the highest resemblance in GMC (ρ = 0.24) compared to brother-sister (BS) (ρ = 0.10) and brother-brother (BB) pairs (ρ = 0.07). On average, BB pairs had higher GMC than SS pairs and older siblings had higher GMC than younger siblings. Further, those with lower body mass index (BMI) and higher PF had higher GMC. There was also a significant interaction between age and PF with GMC. Siblings from the rainforest region demonstrated higher GMC than those from sea level and high-altitude siblings demonstrated lower GMC than their sea-level peers.These results demonstrate statistically significant sibling resemblance in GMC. Age, BMI, PF and geographical area were significant correlates of GMC.
Published: 2019

11. Are there gross motor coordination spurts during mid‐childhood [?]

Author: José Maia, Adam D.G. Baxter-Jones, Marcos André Moura dos Santos, Rafael dos Santos Henrique, Ana Carolina Reyes, Alcibíades Bustamante, Raquel Nichele de Chaves, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Duarte L. Freitas, and Go Tani
Subjects: Male, Gross motor skill, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Jumping, Genetics, medicine, Gross motor coordination, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Child, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 060101 anthropology, Portugal, Age Factors, 06 humanities and the arts, Chronological age, Body Height, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Mid-childhood, Anthropology, Motor coordination, Female, Anatomy, Psychomotor Performance, Demography, ESTUDOS LONGITUDINAIS
Abstract: OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were (1) to identify the timing of the mid-growth spurt (MGS) in stature in children and (2) to identify gross motor coordination (GMC) spurts when aligned by the age of attainment of the MGS (aMGS). METHODS Stature, weight, and GMC were measured in 245 Portuguese children followed annually from 6 to 10 years. GMC was assessed and to estimate children's MGS in stature as well as GMC spurts in each of the four tests aligned by aMGS, we used a nonsmoothed polynomial methodology. RESULTS In boys, the aMGS was attained at 7.8 years, whereas in girls it was 8.0 years. In boys, the peak MGS was 6.2 cm∙yr-1 and in girls it was 6.4 cm∙yr-1 . In boys, the peak for walking backwards (WB) occurred 18 months before aMGS (14.9-points∙yr-1 ), jumping sideways (JS) was 12 months after aMGS (13.5-points∙yr-1 ), hopping on one leg (HO) was 18 months before aMGS (11.7-points∙yr-1 ), and shifting platform (SP) was 12 months before aMGS (6.8-points∙yr-1 ). In girls, WB spurts occurred 12 months after aMGS (13.3-points∙yr-1 ), JS was 12 months before aMGS (10.5-points∙yr-1 ), HO was coincident with aMGS (10.4-points∙yr-1 ), and SP was 18 as well as 12 months before aMGS (7.2-points∙yr-1 ). No differences were observed in the mean peak spurts between sexes in the GMC tests. CONCLUSIONS Boys and girls reached their MGS in stature at about the same chronological age. Spurts in GMC did not express themselves in the same biological timing relative to aMGS in stature, and there are sex differences.
Published: 2019

12. Growth velocity curves and pubertal spurt parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. The Peruvian health and optimist growth study

Author: Rui Garganta, José Maia, Sedigheh Mirzaei-Salehabadi, Alcibíades Bustamante, Duarte L. Freitas, Olga Vasconcelos, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, and Carla Santos
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Growth, Environment, Growth velocity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Altitude, Sex Factors, Sex factors, Peru, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Child, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 060101 anthropology, business.industry, Final height, Puberty, 06 humanities and the arts, Growth model, Effects of high altitude on humans, Adult height, Anthropology, Female, Biological growth, Anatomy, business, Demography
Abstract: Objetive To estimate the growth parameters of Peruvian children and adolescents living at different altitudes. Methods The sample comprised 10 795 Peruvian children and adolescents (5781 girls, aged 6-7 years) from sea level, the Amazon region, and high altitude. Height was measured with standardized techniques. Mathematical and biological growth parameters were estimated using the Preece-Baines growth model I. Results Sea-level children and adolescents experienced peak height velocity (PHV) at an earlier age (girls, 8.56 ± 2.37 years; boys, 12.03 ± 0.58 years) were taller at the time of PHV (girls, 144.1 ± 1.9 cm; boys, 154.3 ± 1.4 cm), had higher PHV (girls, 6.23 ± 3.87 cm/year; boys, 7.52 ± 2.31 cm/year), and had a taller estimated final height (girls, 154.2 ± 0.3 cm; boys, 166.3 ± 1.0 cm) compared to those living at high altitude (girls, 152.7 ± 0.7 cm; boys, 162.8 ± 0.8 cm) or in the Amazon region (152.1 ± 0.4 cm; boys, 162.2 ± 0.6 cm). Across all geographical areas, PHV occurred approximately 2 years earlier in girls (9.68 ± 0.99 years) than in boys (12.61 ± 0.42 years), their estimated PHV was 5.88 ± 1.92 cm/year vs 6.45 ± 1.09 cm/year, their size at PHV was 142.2 ± 1.4 cm vs 152.8 ± 0.7 cm, and their final adult height was estimated to be 153.1 ± 0.3 cm vs 164.2 ± 0.7 cm. Conclusions Peruvian children and adolescents' physical growth timing and tempo were influenced by their living altitudes. Those living at sea level experienced an earlier age at PHV were taller at time of PHV, had a higher PHV, and had a taller estimated final height compared to those living at higher altitudes. Girls and boys also differed significantly in their growth parameters.
Published: 2018

13. Skeletal Maturation, Body Size, and Motor Coordination in Youth 11–14 Years

Author: Duarte L. Freitas, Robert M. Malina, Martine Thomis, Élvio R. Gouveia, José Maia, Berthold Lausen, Ricardo D. Silva, and Johan Lefevre
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Body size, Biology, Studentized residual, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Age Determination by Skeleton, Body Size, Humans, Sexual maturity, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Sexual Maturation, Child, Puberty, Regression analysis, Bone age, 030229 sport sciences, Skeletal maturity, Motor coordination, Skeletal maturation, Motor Skills, Regression Analysis, Female, Demography
Abstract: AB Purpose: The objective of this study is to estimate the relative contribution of biological maturation to variance in the motor coordination (MC) among youth and to explore gender differences in the associations. Methods: Skeletal maturation (Tanner-Whitehouse 3), stature, body mass, and MC (Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder) were assessed in 613 youths, 284 boys and 329 girls 11-14 yr of age. Standardized residuals of skeletal age on chronological age were used as the estimate of skeletal maturity status independent of chronological age. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyse associations between skeletal maturity status and MC. Results: Skeletal maturity status by itself, i.e., standardized residuals of skeletal age on chronological age (step 3) explained a maximum of 8.1% of the variance in MC in boys ([DELTA]R32 in the range of 0.0%-8.1%) and 2.8% of the variance in girls ([DELTA]R32 in the range of 0.0%-2.8%), after controlling for stature, body mass and interactions of the standardized residuals of skeletal age on chronological age with stature and body mass. Corresponding percentages for the interactions of the standardized residuals of skeletal age and stature and body mass, after adjusting for stature and body mass (step 2) were 8.7% in boys ([DELTA]R22 in the range of 0.3%-8.7%) and 7.1% in girls ([DELTA]R22 in the range of 0.1%-7.1%). Chow tests suggested structural changes in [beta]-coefficients in the four MC tests among boys and girls, 12-13 yr. Conclusion: The percentage of variance in the four MC tests explained by skeletal maturation was relatively small, but the relationships differed between boys and girls. By inference, other factors, e.g., neuromuscular maturation, specific instruction and practice, sport participation, and others may influence MC at these ages.
Published: 2016

14. Developmental and physical-fitness associations with gross motor coordination problems in Peruvian children

Author: Alan M. Nevill, Raquel Nichele de Chaves, José Maia, Duarte L. Freitas, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Alcibiades Bustamante Valdivia, and Go Tani
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Gross motor skill, Physical fitness, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Comorbidity, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Biological maturation, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Peru, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Muscle Strength, Obesity, Range of Motion, Articular, Child, business.industry, Age Factors, Flexibility (personality), 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, Motor Skills Disorders, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Physical Fitness, Female, Psychology, business, Body mass index
Abstract: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine the developmental characteristics (biological maturation and body size) associated with gross motor coordination problems in 5193 Peruvian children (2787 girls) aged 6-14 years from different geographical locations, and to investigate how the probability that children suffer with gross motor coordination problems varies with physical fitness. Children with gross motor coordination problems were more likely to have lower flexibility and explosive strength levels, having adjusted for age, sex, maturation and study site. Older children were more likely to suffer from gross motor coordination problems, as were those with greater body mass index. However, more mature children were less likely to have gross motor coordination problems, although children who live at sea level or at high altitude were more likely to suffer from gross motor coordination problems than children living in the jungle. Our results provide evidence that children and adolescents with lower physical fitness are more likely to have gross motor coordination difficulties. The identification of youths with gross motor coordination problems and providing them with effective intervention programs is an important priority in order to overcome such developmental problems, and help to improve their general health status.
Published: 2016

15. Genetic and environmental effects on body mass index from infancy to the onset of adulthood: an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) study

Author: Esther Rebato, Ginette Dionne, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Glen E. Duncan, Jane Wardle, Zengchang Pang, Sevgi Y. Öncel, Thomas M. Mack, K. Paige Harden, Feng Ning, Dedra Buchwald, Grant W. Montgomery, Michel Boivin, Corrado Fagnani, Thalia C. Eley, Finn Rasmussen, Youngsook Chong, Syuichi Ooki, Frank Vitaro, Morten Sodemann, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Robert Plomin, Xiaohu Ding, Andreas Busjahn, Kimberly J. Saudino, Maria A. Stazi, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Massimo Mangino, Per Tynelius, Yoshie Yokoyama, S. Alexandra Burt, Kerry L. Jang, Ruth J. F. Loos, Jeffrey M. Craig, Wenjing Gao, Gary E. Swan, Brooke M. Huibregtse, Claire M. A. Haworth, Lindon J. Eaves, Sören Möller, Fuling Ji, Christian Kandler, Mingguang He, Gonneke Willemsen, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Meike Bartels, Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Genevieve Lachance, Richard Saffery, Ruth Krasnow, Kaare Christensen, Robert F. Vlietinck, Jack H. Goldberg, Laura A. Baker, Fazil Aliev, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Axel Skytthe, Dorret I. Boomsma, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, Kelly L. Klump, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Abigail Fisher, Liming Li, Nicholas G. Martin, David Laszlo Tarnoki, Chika Honda, Matt McGue, Nancy L. Pedersen, Catherine Tuvblad, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Wendy Cozen, Jaakko Kaprio, Tim D. Spector, Robin P. Corley, Reijo Sund, David Mankuta, Lise Dubois, Alice M. Gregory, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Sari Aaltonen, Duarte L. Freitas, Aline Jelenkovic, Amie E. Hwang, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Robert F. Krueger, David A. Butler, Kauko Heikkilä, Mara Brendgen, Paul Lichtenstein, Hermine H. Maes, Sarah E. Medland, Catherine Derom, Canqing Yu, Judy L. Silberg, José Maia, Tom A. McAdams, Cristina D'Ippolito, Lior Abramson, Clare H. Llewellyn, Karri Silventoinen, Yoon-Mi Hur, Shandell Pahlen, Margaret Gatz, Jacob vB Hjelmborg, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Biological Psychology, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, близнецы, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Medicine (miscellaneous), индекс массы тела, Body Mass Index, Twins, Dizygotic, genetics, Young adult, Gene–environment interaction, Child, факторы окружающей среды, Nutrition and Dietetics, Asia, Eastern, Age Factors, twins, Europe, Child, Preschool, генетические факторы, Female, Adult, близнецовый метод, Adolescent, Environment, Biology, Affect (psychology), Childhood obesity, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, BMI, Sex Factors, children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Genetic variation, Journal Article, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Australia, Twin, Genetic Variation, Infant, Twins, Monozygotic, Heritability, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, North America, Gene-Environment Interaction, international comparisons, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Kandler, Christian/0000-0002-9175-235X; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; Medland, Sarah E/0000-0003-1382-380X; Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Fagnani, Corrado/0000-0001-5771-7772; de Freitas, Duarte Luis/0000-0001-6642-3370; Hjelmborg, Jacob/0000-0001-9630-9149; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Busjahn, Andreas/0000-0001-9650-6919; Montgomery, Grant W/0000-0002-4140-8139; Moller, Soren/0000-0003-0858-4269; Heikkila, Kauko/0000-0002-9256-8028; Skytthe, Axel E/0000-0002-8629-4913; Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292; Knafo-Noam, Ariel/0000-0003-0613-1960; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X; Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; Aliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; Magnusson, Patrik/0000-0002-7315-7899; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; Loos, Ruth J F/0000-0002-8532-5087; Boivin, Michel/0000-0001-8621-9844; Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm/0000-0003-2981-0245; Pahlen, Shandell/0000-0003-0753-4155; van Beijsterveldt, Toos/0000-0002-6617-4201; McAdams, Tom/0000-0002-6825-3499; Sodemann, Morten/0000-0001-8992-2500; Pedersen, Nancy/0000-0001-8057-3543; Derom, Catherine/0000-0001-5574-796X; Plomin, Robert/0000-0002-0756-3629; Rebato, Esther/0000-0003-1221-8501; Saffery, Richard/0000-0002-9510-4181; Harden, Kathryn/0000-0002-1557-6737; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236; Aaltonen, Sari/0000-0002-2873-4263; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079; Rasmussen, Finn/0000-0001-7915-7809; Haworth, Claire/0000-0002-8608-289X; Llewellyn, Clare/0000-0002-0066-2827 WOS: 000381870200017 PubMed: 27413137 Background: Both genetic and environmental factors are known to affect body mass index (BMI), but detailed understanding of how their effects differ during childhood and adolescence is lacking. Objectives: We analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments. Design: Data were available for 87,782 complete twin pairs from 0.5 to 19.5 y of age from 45 cohorts. Analyses were based on 383,092 BMI measurements. Variation in BMI was decomposed into genetic and environmental components through genetic structural equation modeling. Results: The variance of BMI increased from 5 y of age along with increasing mean BMI. The proportion of BMI variation explained by additive genetic factors was lowest at 4 y of age in boys (a(2) = 0.42) and girls (a(2) = 0.41) and then generally increased to 0.75 in both sexes at 19 y of age. This was because of a stronger influence of environmental factors shared by co-twins in midchildhood. After 15 y of age, the effect of shared environment was not observed. The sex-specific expression of genetic factors was seen in infancy but was most prominent at 13 y of age and older. The variance of BMI was highest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation to total variation remained roughly similar across different regions. Conclusions: Environmental factors shared by co-twins affect BMI in childhood, but little evidence for their contribution was found in late adolescence. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a major role in the variation of BMI in adolescence among populations of different ethnicities exposed to different environmental factors related to obesity. CODATwins project (Academy of Finland) [266592]; NIHUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375, 1R01ESO15150-01, HD081437, AA023322, RC2 HL103416]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; Special Fund for Health Scientific Research in the Public Welfare, China [201502006]; NIDAUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [DA011015, HD10333]; National Program for Research Infrastructure from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, The Research Council for Health and Disease; Velux Foundation; US NIH grantUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P01 AG08761]; Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a nonprofit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium); ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4 [201413]; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics grantAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Academy of Finland grantAcademy of Finland [100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 264146]; Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program; Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; W T Grant Foundation; University of London Central Research fund; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G81/343, G120/635]; Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic & Social Research Council (ESRC) [RES-000-22-2206]; Institute of Social Psychiatry [06/07-11]; Leverhulme Research Fellowship grant [RF/2/RFG/2008/0145]; Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [81125007]; Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [240994, 230374]; Michigan State University; National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human DevelopmentUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD) [R01-HD066040]; MSU Foundation [11-SPG-2518]; NIH grantUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R21 AG039572]; MagW/ZonMW grant [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464- 14192]; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research; Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, SD; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council grantNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [437015, 607358]; Bonnie Babes Foundation [BBF20704]; Financial Markets Foundation for Children grant [032-2007]; Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program; Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology) [POCI/DES/56834/2004]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la CultureFQRNT; Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du QuebecFonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Health Research Development Program; Canadian Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center; Canada Research Chair ProgramCanada Research Chairs; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1 B00047]; UK Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245]; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant [31/D19086]; Kirikkale University Research grantKirikkale University [KKU 2009/43]; TUBITAK grantTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; European CommunityEuropean Community (EC); National Institute for Health Research BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Mental Health grantUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH58354]; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15H05105]; [5T32DA017637-11]; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245]; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchNovo Nordisk Foundation [Metabolic Genetics]; Novo Nordisk FondenNovo NordiskNovo Nordisk Foundation [NNF10CC1016515] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). Support for participating twin projects: The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants R01 HD068435 and R01 MH062375 from the NIH to KS. California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program grants 7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, and 6RT-0354H and by NIH grant 1R01ESO15150-01. Chinese National Twin Registry is funded by Special Fund for Health Scientific Research in the Public Welfare (Project No: 201502006), China. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015, and Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; BMH is supported by to 5T32DA017637-11. Danish Twin Registry is supported by the National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, The Research Council for Health and Disease, the Velux Foundation and the US NIH grant P01 AG08761. Since its origin the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a nonprofit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement 201413; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to RJR; the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics grants 213506 and 129680; and the Academy of Finland grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, and 264146 to JK. KS is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Waves 1-3 of Genesis 12-19 were funded by the W T Grant Foundation, the University of London Central Research fund and Medical Research Council Training Fellowship grant G81/343 and Career Development Award G120/635 to TCE. Wave 4 was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council grant RES-000-22-2206 and the Institute of Social Psychiatry (06/07-11) to AMG, who was also supported at that time by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship grant RF/2/RFG/2008/0145. Wave 5 was supported by funding to AMG from Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom. Guangzhou Twin Eye Study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 81125007. Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant 240994 from the European Research Council to AK. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, and R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health, R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from NIH grant R21 AG039572. Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, and 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464- 14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research; the European Research Council grant 230374; and the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, SD.; PETS was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council grant 437015 and 607358 to JC and RS, the Bonnie Babes Foundation grant BBF20704 to JMC, the Financial Markets Foundation for Children grant 032-2007 to JMC, and by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness and health: the Madeira family study Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004 Founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology). The Quebec Newborn Twin Study acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the National Health Research Development Program, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center, and the Canada Research Chair Program (MB). South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea grant NRF-371-2011-1 B00047. The Texas Twin Project is currently funded by grants AA023322 and HD081437 from the NIH. The Twins Early Development Study is supported by program grant G0901245 from the UK Medical Research Council and the work on obesity in the Twins Early Development Study is supported in part by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant 31/D19086. SYO and FA are supported by Kirikkale University Research grant KKU 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. TwinsUK was funded by European Community's Seventh Framework Programme grant FP7/2007-2013. The study also receives support from the National Institute for Health Research BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, United Kingdom. The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by the National Institute of Mental Health grant R01 MH58354. University of Washington Twin Registry was supported in part by grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D and PI). The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) grant 15H05105 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Published: 2016

16. Skeletal maturation, fundamental motor skills, and motor performance in preschool children

Author: Élvio R. Gouveia, José Maia, J. Lefevre, Berthold Lausen, Martine Thomis, Robert M. Malina, Duarte L. Freitas, and António M. Antunes
Subjects: Male, FITNESS, Motor development, CHILDHOOD, Motor skills, DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES, Child Development, 0302 clinical medicine, STRENGTH, Body Size, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Child, Postural Balance, Child development, Motor skill, Regression analysis, Body size, Bone age, Skeletal maturation, Motor Skills, Child, Preschool, Regression Analysis, GROWTH, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, WHITE-MATTER, Gross motor skill, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, MATURITY, AGE, Humans, Movement proficiency, Skeleton, Balance (ability), Science & Technology, business.industry, 030229 sport sciences, COMPETENCE, Body Height, Body height, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Postural balance, Early childhood, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sport Sciences, Demography
Abstract: Relationships among skeletal age (SA), body size and fundamental motor skills (FMS) and motor performance were considered in 155 boys and 159 girls 3-6 years of age. Stature and body mass were measured. SA of the hand-wrist was assessed with the Tanner-Whitehouse II 20 bone method. The Test of Gross Motor Development, 2nd edition (TGMD-2), and the Preschool Test Battery were used, respectively, to assess FMS and motor performance. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, the standardized residuals of SA on chronological age (SAsr) explained a maximum of 6.1% of the variance in FMS and motor performance in boys (ΔR2 3 , range 0.0%-6.1%) and a maximum of 20.4% of the variance in girls (ΔR2 3 , range 0.0%-20.4%) over that explained by body size and interactions of SAsr with body size (step 3). The interactions of the SAsr and stature and body mass (step 2) explained a maximum of 28.3% of the variance in boys (ΔR2 2 , range 0.5%-28.3%) and 16.7% of the variance in girls (ΔR2 2 , range 0.7%-16.7%) over that explained by body size alone. With the exception of balance, relationships among SAsr and FMS or motor performance differed between boys and girls. Overall, SA per se or interacting with body size had a relatively small influence in FMS and motor performance in children 3-6 years of age. ispartof: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS vol:28 issue:11 pages:2358-2368 ispartof: location:Denmark status: published
Published: 2018

17. Motor performance, body fatness and environmental factors in preschool children

Author: José Maia, Donald Hedeker, Élvio R. Gouveia, Lisa M. Barnett, António M. Antunes, Duarte L. Freitas, Johan Lefevre, and Martine Thomis
Subjects: Rural Population, Male, Urban Population, Motor skills, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Body fat distribution, Growth, Social class, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Urban population, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Body Fat Distribution, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Child development, Motor skill, Body mass index, Portugal, Longitudinal studies, Body fatness, 030229 sport sciences, Social Class, Motor Skills, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Child, Preschool, Rural population, Tennis ball, Female, Rural area, Sex factors, Psychology, Demography
Abstract: The first aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor performance and body fatness among 3- to 5-year-old children. The second aim was to assess whether this relationship works similarly for boys and girls. We also investigated whether socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical area when children are aged 3 years old predicts the motor performance of 4 and 5-yr-old children. Motor performance was assessed through the Preschool Test Battery, while body fatness was estimated through body mass index (BMI). SES and geographical area were assessed via parent proxy-report questionnaires. BMI was negatively associated with standing long jump. The association of BMI and motor performance was not statistically different for boys and girls. Children from low SES performed better than high SES peers in tennis ball throw for distance. Rural children were better performers than urban peers in standing long jump. Rural area at baseline was also predictor of standing long jump and tennis ball throw for distance at time 1 and 2. In conclusion, BMI had a negative association with standing long jump and the relationship of BMI with all motor tests was similar for boys and girls. SES and rural area were predictors of motor performance.
Published: 2018

18. The effect of the ProBalance Programme on health-related quality of life of community-dwelling older adults: A randomised controlled trial

Author: Bruna R. Gouveia, Helena Gonçalves Jardim, Élvio R. Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel, Duarte L. Freitas, Andreas Ihle, and Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva Martins
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Quality of life, Functional training, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, Health (social science), medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, ddc:150, law, Medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, 030212 general & internal medicine, Gait, Postural Balance, Balance (ability), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Rehabilitation, business.industry, humanities, Balance training, Clinical trial, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, ddc:618.97, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, Health promotion, Female, Independent Living, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Independent living
Abstract: Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important health outcome in older adults. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ProBalance rehabilitation programme on HRQoL of community-dwelling older adults with balance impairments and to investigate whether effects differ between age groups and/or HRQoL components. Methods A s ingle-blind, randomised controlled trial included community-dwelling older adults, aged 65–85, with balance impairments. Participants (n = 52) were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). A rehabilitation programme included gait, balance, functional training, strengthening, flexibility, and 3D training. A group-based intervention was administered over a period of 12 weeks (90-min sessions, 2 days per week). A wait-list control group was instructed to maintain their usual activities during the same period. Participants’ HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The time points for assessment were at zero (pre-test), 12 (post-test), and 24 weeks (follow up). Results A trend for higher HRQoL in the IG compared to the CG and a significant interaction of group with time were found, with significantly higher increases in HRQoL from the pre-test to the post-test (and to follow-up) in the IG, compared to the CG. Results were independent of age group (young-old vs. old-old) and HRQoL component (physical vs. mental). Conclusions Present results suggest that the ProBalance programme had a beneficial effect on HRQoL of community-dwelling older adults, which held across young and old adults and not only comprised physical but also mental HRQoL. Clinical Trial Registration Number: ACTRN12612000301864.
Published: 2018

19. The CODATwins Project: The Cohort Description of Collaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins to Study Macro-Environmental Variation in Genetic and Environmental Effects on Anthropometric Traits

Author: Dedra Buchwald, Jeffrey M. Craig, Kerry L. Jang, Kimberly J. Saudino, Christian Kandler, Abigail Fisher, Duarte L. Freitas, Athula Sumathipala, Massimo Mangino, Robert F. Krueger, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Aline Jelenkovic, Amie E. Hwang, Keith E. Whitfield, Robert Plomin, Thomas Sevenius Nilsen, Lindon J. Eaves, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, David A. Butler, Richard Saffery, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Karri Silventoinen, Mingguang He, Anna K. Dahl Aslan, Kelly L. Klump, Meike Bartels, K. Paige Harden, Feng Ning, Jane Wardle, Billy Heung Wing Chang, Syuichi Ooki, Kauko Heikkilä, Tracy L. Nelson, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Ingunn Brandt, David Laszlo Tarnoki, Sarah E. Medland, Lise Dubois, Glen E. Duncan, Jack H. Goldberg, John L. Hopper, Robin P. Corley, Thomas M. Mack, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Axel Skytthe, Chika Honda, Catherine Tuvblad, Wendy Cozen, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Ruth J. F. Loos, Youngsook Chong, Paul Lichtenstein, Jaakko Kaprio, Judy L. Silberg, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Reijo Sund, Per Tynelius, Matthew Hotopf, Juan R. Ordoñana, Brooke M. Huibregtse, David Mankuta, Lior Abramson, Tessa L. Cutler, Nicholas G. Martin, Dongfeng Zhang, Catherine Derom, Sarah Yang, Changhee Hong, Tim D. Spector, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Gonneke Willemsen, Michael J. Lyons, Zengchang Pang, Shandell Pahlen, Mikio Watanabe, William S. Kremen, Sevgi Y. Öncel, Joohon Sung, Robert F. Vlietinck, Jennifer R. Harris, Gary E. Swan, Fazil Aliev, Alice M. Gregory, Carol E. Franz, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Hermine H. Maes, Grant W. Montgomery, Thalia C. Eley, Margaret Gatz, Kazuo Hayakawa, Maria A. Stazi, Finn Rasmussen, Esther Rebato, Morten Sodemann, Fujio Inui, Kaare Christensen, Andreas Busjahn, Sari Aaltonen, Kelly Aujard, Sisira Siribaddana, S. Alexandra Burt, Claire M. A. Haworth, José Maia, Tom A. McAdams, Fuling Ji, Yoon-Mi Hur, Yun Mi Song, Ruth Krasnow, Yoshinori Iwatani, Laura A. Baker, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Dorret I. Boomsma, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, Matt McGue, Nancy L. Pedersen, Corrado Fagnani, Xiaohu Ding, Kayoung Lee, Michel Boivin, Juan F. Sánchez-Romera, Yoshie Yokoyama, Qihua Tan, Cristina D'Ippolito, Clare H. Llewellyn, Genevieve Lachance, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Sociology, Centre for Social Data Science, CSDS, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Jaakko Kaprio / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Center for Population, Health and Society, Population Research Unit (PRU), Genetic Epidemiology, Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, and EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Twins, SWEDISH TWIN, heritability, Body Mass Index, HUMAN OBESITY, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Medicine, Gene–environment interaction, Genetics (clinical), ADULT HEIGHT, Anthropometry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, twins, Twin Studies as Topic, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Phenotype, Cohort, Life course approach, Female, REARED APART, International comparisons, Article, Heritability, BMI, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, 8 COUNTRIES, business.industry, Height, HEALTHY TWIN, Body Weight, Twin study, Body Height, BODY-MASS INDEX, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, REGISTRY, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Gene-Environment Interaction, 3111 Biomedicine, international comparisons, business, Body mass index, Demography, height
Abstract: Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Knafo-Noam, Ariel/0000-0003-0613-1960; de Freitas, Duarte Luis/0000-0001-6642-3370; Haworth, Claire/0000-0002-8608-289X; Siribaddana, Sisira/0000-0001-5821-2557; Kyvik, Kirsten O/0000-0003-2981-0245; Aliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; Craig, Jeffrey M/0000-0003-3979-7849; Ordonana, Juan R./0000-0001-7779-6017; Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; Kandler, Christian/0000-0002-9175-235X; Fagnani, Corrado/0000-0001-5771-7772; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; Montgomery, Grant W/0000-0002-4140-8139; Colodro-Conde, Lucia/0000-0002-9004-364X; Loos, Ruth J F/0000-0002-8532-5087; Busjahn, Andreas/0000-0001-9650-6919; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X; Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292; Martin, Nicholas/0000-0003-4069-8020; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; ROMERA, JUAN FRANCISCO SANCHEZ/0000-0002-5405-6216; D'Ippolito, Cristina/0000-0001-7902-9380; Skytthe, Axel E/0000-0002-8629-4913; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; Heikkila, Kauko/0000-0002-9256-8028; Duncan, Glen/0000-0001-6909-1869; Jelenkovic, Aline/0000-0002-6191-8371; Magnusson, Patrik/0000-0002-7315-7899; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Medland, Sarah E/0000-0003-1382-380X; Saffery, Richard/0000-0002-9510-4181; Plomin, Robert/0000-0002-0756-3629; Harden, Kathryn/0000-0002-1557-6737; Hotopf, Matthew/0000-0002-3980-4466; McAdams, Tom/0000-0002-6825-3499; Aaltonen, Sari/0000-0002-2873-4263; Kremen, William/0000-0002-8629-5609; Pahlen, Shandell/0000-0003-0753-4155; Llewellyn, Clare/0000-0002-0066-2827; Franz, Carol/0000-0002-8987-1755; Derom, Catherine/0000-0001-5574-796X; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236; Rasmussen, Finn/0000-0001-7915-7809; Rebato, Esther/0000-0003-1221-8501; lee, kayoung/0000-0002-2816-554X; Sodemann, Morten/0000-0001-8992-2500; Gatz, Margaret/0000-0002-1071-9970; Boivin, Michel/0000-0001-8621-9844; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079 WOS: 000358874400002 PubMed: 26014041 For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m(2)) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes. National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH58354]; National Institute on AgingUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) [1RO1-AG13662-01A2]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R21 AG039572]; WT Grant Foundation; University of London Central Research fund; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G81/343, G120/635]; Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic & Social Research Council (ESRC) [RES-000-22-2206]; Institute of Social Psychiatry [06/07-11]; Leverhulme Research FellowshipLeverhulme Trust [RF/2/RFG/2008/0145]; Goldsmiths; University of London; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1B00047]; Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Research Council for Health and Disease; Velux Foundation; US National Institute of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P01 AG08761]; Fund of Scientific Research, FlandersFWO; Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium); Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation [NRF 2011-220-E00006]; NIDAUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [DA011015]; Longitudinal Twin Study [HD10333]; National Institute of Health grantsUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, R01 AG022982]; Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research AMP; Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Centre of Research Excellence from the National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1079102]; Michigan State University from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01-HD066040]; MSU Foundation [11-SPG-2518]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; The National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [1R01ESO15150-01]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [81125007]; Australian National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [437015, 607358]; Bonnie Babes Foundation [BBF20704]; Financial Markets Foundation for Children [032-2007]; Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program; ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology [201413]; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease GeneticsAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 264146]; Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program; Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKUKirikkale University; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; European Research Council (ERC)European Research Council (ERC) [240994]; European Union's Seventh Framework Programmes ENGAGE ConsortiumEuropean Union (EU) [HEALTH-F4-2007-201413]; BioSHaRE EU [HEALTH-F4-2010-261433]; Seneca FoundationFundacion Seneca; Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain [08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10]; Ministry of Science and Innovation, SpainSpanish Government [PSI11560-2009]; UK Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245]; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [31/D19086]; Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology) [POCI/DES/56834/2004]; National Institutes of Health.United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375]; Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust; European Community's Seventh Framework ProgrammeEuropean Union (EU); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); MagW/ZonMW [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192]; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC-230374]; Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA); Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; [5T32DA017637-10]; [NIH RC2 HL103416]; Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [14133]; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245, MC_UU_12013/1]; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchNovo Nordisk Foundation [Metabolic Genetics]; Novo Nordisk FondenNovo NordiskNovo Nordisk Foundation [NNF10CC1016515] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). Support for participating twin projects: the University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AG039572. Waves 1-3 of Genesis 12-19 were funded by the WT Grant Foundation, the University of London Central Research fund and a Medical Research Council Training Fellowship (G81/343) and Career Development Award (G120/635) to Thalia C. Eley. Wave 4 was supported by grants from the Economic and Social Research Council (RES-000-22-2206) and the Institute of Social Psychiatry (06/07-11) to Alice M. Gregory who was also supported at that time by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship (RF/2/RFG/2008/0145). Wave 5 was supported by funding to Alice M. Gregory from Goldsmiths, University of London. Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1B00047). The Danish Twin Registry is supported by the National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, The Research Council for Health and Disease, the Velux Foundation and the US National Institute of Health (P01 AG08761). Since its origin, the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). The Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015 and Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637-10. The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging was supported by National Institute of Health grants NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, and R01 AG022982, and, in part, with resources of the VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health. The Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA/NIH, or the VA. The Australian Twin Registry is supported by a Centre of Research Excellence (grant ID 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council administered by the University of Melbourne. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health.; r The California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01ESO15150-01). The Guangzhou Twin Eye Study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant #81125007). PETS was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant numbers 437015 and 607358 to JC, and RS), the Bonnie Babes Foundation (grant number BBF20704 to JMC), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (grant no. 032-2007 to JMC), and by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R. J. Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278 and 264146 to J. Kaprio). K. Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. S. Y. Oncel and F. Aliev are supported by Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. The Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. Data collection and research stemming from the Norwegian Twin Registry is supported, in part, from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programmes ENGAGE Consortium (grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, and BioSHaRE EU (grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2010-261433). The Murcia Twin Registry is supported by the Seneca Foundation, Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain (08633/PHCS/08 & 15302/PHCS/10) and Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (PSI11560-2009). The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (G0901245) from the UK Medical Research Council and the work on obesity in TEDS is supported in part by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (31/D19086). The Madeira data comes from the following project: genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness, and health: the Madeira family study Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004 founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology). The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. TwinsUK was funded by the Wellcome Trust; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). The study also receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. The University of Washington Twin Registry is supported by the grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D. Buchwald, PI). The Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); the European Research Council (ERC-230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA).; r Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974).
Published: 2015

20. The Genetic Background of Metabolic Trait Clusters in Children and Adolescents

Author: Johan Lefevre, Martine Thomis, Duarte L. Freitas, Aline Jelenkovic, Élvio R. Gouveia, Karri Silventoinen, José Maia, António M. Antunes, Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho, António Brehm, Jaakko Kaprio, University of Helsinki, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Sociology, Center for Population, Health and Society, Clinicum, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Public Health, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, Population Research Unit (PRU), and Genetic Epidemiology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Twins, Physiology, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, Body Mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Twins, Dizygotic, genetics, adolescents, Child, Children, Body mass index, Adiposity, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Metabolic Syndrome, HERITABILITY, twins, Cardiovascular disease, Genetic background, Metabolic syndrome, 3. Good health, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, Cardiovascular Diseases, OBESITY, Child, Preschool, Trait, Waist circumference, Female, Diseases in twins, Waist Circumference, Genetic Background, Adolescent, Systole, TWIN, PHENOTYPES, Environment, ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES, 03 medical and health sciences, children, Internal Medicine, medicine, Diseases in Twins, Humans, Portugal, business.industry, Metabolic risk, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol hdl, Cholesterol, LDL, Twins, Monozygotic, Heritability, medicine.disease, Obesity, BODY-MASS INDEX, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, 030104 developmental biology, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, RISK-FACTORS, 3111 Biomedicine, business
Abstract: Background: It is well known that metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are correlated, but the background of this clustering in children is more poorly known than in adults. Thus, we studied the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the clustering of metabolic traits in childhood and adolescence. Data and Methods: Nine metabolic traits were measured in 214 complete twin pairs aged 3-18 years in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal, in 2007 and 2008. The variation of and covariations between the traits were decomposed into genetic and environmental components by using classical genetic twin modeling. Results: A model, including additive genetic and environmental factors unique for each twin individual, explained the variation of metabolic factors well. Under this model, the heritability estimates varied from 0.47 (systolic blood pressure in children under 12 years of age) to 0.91 (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol in adolescents 12 years of age or older). The most systematic correlations were found between adiposity (body mass index and waist circumference) and blood lipids (HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), as well as blood pressure. These correlations were mainly explained by common genetic factors. Conclusions: Our results suggest that obesity, in particular, is behind the clustering of metabolic factors in children and adolescents. Both general and abdominal obesity partly share the same genetic background as blood lipids and blood pressure. Obesity prevention early in childhood is important in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases in adulthood.
Published: 2017

21. The relation of education, occupation, and cognitive activity to cognitive status in old age: the role of physical frailty

Author: Élvio R. Gouveia, Andreas Ihle, Matthias Kliegel, Jefferson Jurema, Angenay P Odim, Bruna R. Gouveia, and Duarte L. Freitas
Subjects: Leisure activities, Gerontology, Male, Independent living, Frail Elderly, Cognitive reserve, Neuropsychological Tests, 03 medical and health sciences, Grip strength, 0302 clinical medicine, Leisure Activities, ddc:150, Cognitive Reserve, Hand strength, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupations, Middle aged, Geriatric Assessment, Aged, Educational status, Hand Strength, Cognition, Middle Aged, Moderation, Frail elderly, Geriatric assessment, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Institutional repository, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Neuropsychological tests, ddc:618.97, Life course approach, Educational Status, Female, Independent Living, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, human activities, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Brazil
Abstract: Background:It remains unclear so far whether the role of cognitive reserve may differ between physically frail compared to less frail individuals. Therefore, the present study set out to investigate the relation of key markers of cognitive reserve to cognitive status in old age and its interplay with physical frailty in a large sample of older adults.Methods:We assessed Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in 701 older adults. We measured grip strength as indicator of physical frailty and interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity.Results:Greater grip strength, longer education, higher cognitive level of job, and greater engaging in cognitive leisure activity were significantly related to higher MMSE scores. Moderation analyses showed that the relations of education, cognitive level of job, and cognitive leisure activity to MMSE scores were significantly larger in individuals with lower, compared to those with greater grip strength.Conclusions:Cognitive status in old age may more strongly depend on cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course in physically frail (compared to less frail) older adults. These findings may be explained by cross-domain compensation effects in vulnerable individuals.
Published: 2017

22. Correlates of health-related quality of life in young-old and old–old community-dwelling older adults

Author: Bruna R. Gouveia, José Maia, Matthias Kliegel, Élvio R. Gouveia, Andreas Ihle, Duarte L. Freitas, and Sergi Bermúdez i Badia
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Quality of life, Aging, Functional training, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Old age, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Medicine, Aerobic exercise, 030212 general & internal medicine, Functional fitness, Aged, Health related quality of life, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, Lifestyle, humanities, Institutional repository, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, ddc:618.97, Cohort, Quality of Life, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Purpose This study aimed (1) to examine the role of potential correlates of HRQoL in a large representative sample of older adults, and (2) to investigate whether the relationships between HRQoL and potential factors differ as a function of HRQoL component (physical vs. mental) and/or age cohort (young-old vs. old–old). Methods This cross-sectional study included 802 older adults aged 60–79 years old. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Functional fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test. Physical activity was measured via the Baecke questionnaire. Demographic information, mental and health features were obtained through questionnaires. Results A multiple regression analysis showed that BMI (β = −0.15, p = 0.001), body strength (β = 0.21, p
Published: 2017

23. The relation of hypertension to performance in immediate and delayed cued recall and working memory in old age: the role of cognitive reserve

Author: Jefferson Jurema, Floramara T. Machado, Duarte L. Freitas, Élvio R. Gouveia, Andreas Ihle, Matthias Kliegel, and Bruna R. Gouveia
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Memory, Long-Term, Cognitive reserve, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Audiology, Cognitive functioning, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Leisure Activities, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognitive Reserve, medicine, Humans, Cognitive skill, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Occupations, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Community and Home Care, Cued recall, Working memory, Middle Aged, Large sample, Institutional repository, Cross-Sectional Studies, Memory, Short-Term, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Older adults, ddc:618.97, Mental Recall, Hypertension, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Gerontology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective: We investigated the relation of hypertension to cognitive performance and its interplay with key markers of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. Method: We assessed tests of immediate and delayed cued recall and working memory in 701 older adults. We measured systolic blood pressure and interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity. Results: Hypertension (≥140 mmHg) was related to lower performance in all three cognitive measures. Moderation analyses suggested that these relations were reduced in individuals with greater engaging in cognitive leisure activity. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that hypertension was not related to any of the three investigated cognitive performance measures when education, cognitive level of job, and cognitive leisure activity were simultaneously taken into account. Discussion: The detrimental influences of hypertension on cognitive functioning in old age may be reduced in individuals with greater cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course.
Published: 2017

24. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years : An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author: Corrado Fagnani, Shandell Pahlen, Christian Kandler, Nicholas G. Martin, Ingunn Brandt, Judy L. Silberg, S. Alexandra Burt, Fazil Aliev, Chika Honda, Dorret I. Boomsma, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, Matt McGue, William S. Kremen, Antti Latvala, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Keith E. Whitfield, Joohon Sung, Per Tynelius, José Maia, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Catarina Almqvist, Meike Bartels, Carol E. Franz, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Maria Antonietta Stazi, Nancy L. Pedersen, Mikio Watanabe, John L. Hopper, Karri Silventoinen, Thomas M. Mack, Zengchang Pang, Jooyeon Lee, Kimberly J. Saudino, Robert Vlietinck, Lindon J. Eaves, Athula Sumathipala, Sevgi Y. Öncel, Robert F. Krueger, Vilhelmina Ullemar, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, K. Paige Harden, Feng Ning, Wendy Cozen, Anna K. Dahl Aslan, Grant W. Montgomery, David A. Butler, Sooji Lee, Finn Rasmussen, Sisira Siribaddana, Glen E. Duncan, Sarah E. Medland, Lior Abramson, Matthew Hotopf, Juan R. Ordoñana, David Mankuta, Fuling Ji, Kauko Heikkilä, Juan F. Sánchez-Romera, Dedra Buchwald, Dongfeng Zhang, Jina Kim, Paul Lichtenstein, Gonneke Willemsen, Hermine H. Maes, Yoon-Mi Hur, Sonia Brescianini, Tessa L. Cutler, Catherine Derom, Yoshie Yokoyama, Thomas Sevenius Nilsen, Qihua Tan, Eric Turkheimer, Hoe-Uk Jeong, Robin P. Corley, Clare H. Llewellyn, Yoshinori Iwatani, Jennifer R. Harris, Laura A. Baker, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Richard J. Rose, Duarte L. Freitas, Aline Jelenkovic, Amie E. Hwang, Jack Goldberg, Fujio Inui, Andreas Busjahn, Ruth J. F. Loos, Kelly L. Klump, Tracy L. Nelson, David Laszlo Tarnoki, Catherine Tuvblad, Jaakko Kaprio, Reijo Sund, Brooke M. Huibregtse, Margaret Gatz, Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Markku Koskenvuo, Abigail Fisher, Esther Rebato, Michael J. Lyons, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Sociology, Center for Population, Health and Society, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Markku Koskenvuo / Principal Investigator, Population Research Unit (PRU), Genetic Epidemiology, Biological Psychology, APH - Mental Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Methodology, and Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Subjects: Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Twins, INTELLIGENCE, SWEDISH MEN, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, HEIGHT, Parental education, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Twins, Dizygotic, 030212 general & internal medicine, Genetics (clinical), BODY-SIZE, education, Academic Success, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, parental education, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zygosity, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, twins, ASSOCIATION, zygosity, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, Female, Birth cohort, Twins Early Development Study, SDG 4 - Quality Education, Cohort study, COUNTRIES, GENETICS, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, Journal Article, Humans, Models, Genetic, Twins, Monozygotic, Individual level, Twin study, COGNITIVE-ABILITY, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Socioeconomic Factors, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, CODATWINS PROJECT, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Demography
Abstract: Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; Heikkila, Kauko/0000-0002-9256-8028; Knafo-Noam, Ariel/0000-0003-0613-1960; Montgomery, Grant W/0000-0002-4140-8139; de Freitas, Duarte Luis/0000-0001-6642-3370; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X; Fagnani, Corrado/0000-0001-5771-7772; Loos, Ruth J F/0000-0002-8532-5087; Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; ROMERA, JUAN FRANCISCO SANCHEZ/0000-0002-5405-6216; Colodro-Conde, Lucia/0000-0002-9004-364X; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; Ordonana, Juan R./0000-0001-7779-6017; Kandler, Christian/0000-0002-9175-235X; Aliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; Siribaddana, Sisira/0000-0001-5821-2557; Busjahn, Andreas/0000-0001-9650-6919; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; Rasmussen, Finn/0000-0001-7915-7809; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079; Pedersen, Nancy/0000-0001-8057-3543; van Beijsterveldt, Toos/0000-0002-6617-4201; Franz, Carol/0000-0002-8987-1755; Rebato, Esther/0000-0003-1221-8501; Pahlen, Shandell/0000-0003-0753-4155; Harden, Kathryn/0000-0002-1557-6737; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236; Latvala, Antti/0000-0001-5695-117X WOS: 000412597600005 PubMed: 28975875 Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected. CODATwins project (Academy of Finland) [266592]; National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1079102]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375, 1R01ESO15150-01, R21 AG039572, AA023322, HD081437, NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, R01 AG022982]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; National Institute on AgingUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) [1RO1-AG13662-01A2]; Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) [340-2013-5867]; Stockholm County Council (ALF)Stockholm County Council; Swedish Heart-Lung FoundationSwedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation; NIDAUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [DA011015]; Longitudinal Twin Study [HD10333]; Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins; ENGAGE European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology [201413]; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease GeneticsAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 264146]; Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation [NRF 2011-220-E00006]; European Research Council (ERC)European Research Council (ERC) [240994]; Michigan State University; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01-HD066040]; MSU Foundation [11-SPG-2518]; Fundacion SenecaFundacion Seneca; Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain [08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10, 19479/PI/14]; Ministry of Science and Innovation, SpainSpanish Government [PSI2009-11560, PSI2014-56680-R]; MagW/ZonMW [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192]; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC - 230374]; Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA); National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1 B00047]; Krkkale University Research Grant [2009/43]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research AMP; Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15H05105]; National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH58354]; JSPS KAKENHI JP [23593419, 24792601, 26671010, 24590695, 26293128, 16K15385, 16K15978, 16K15989, 16H03261]; [5T32DA017637-11]; [POCI/DES/56834/2004]; [NIH RC2 HL103416] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). The Australian Twin Registry is supported by a Centre of Research Excellence (grant ID 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council administered by the University of Melbourne. The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01ESO15150-01). The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The CATSS-Study is supported by the Swedish Research Council through the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social And Medical Sciences (SIMSAM) framework grant no 340-2013-5867, grants provided by the Stockholm County Council (ALF-projects), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association's Research Foundation. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015 and Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637-11. Since its origin, the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, and 264146 to J Kaprio). Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health. The Murcia Twin Registry is supported by Fundacion Seneca, Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain (08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10 & 19479/PI/14) and Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (PSI2009-11560 & PSI2014-56680-R). The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AG039572.; r Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); the European Research Council (ERC - 230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness, and health: the Madeira family study. Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004. Founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]). South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1 B00047). The Texas Twin Project is currently funded by grants AA023322 and HD081437 from the National Institutes of Health. S. Y. oncel and F. Aliev are supported by Krkkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. Washington State Twin Registry (formerly the University of Washington Twin Registry) was supported in part by grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D. Buchwald, PI). Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging was supported by National Institute of Health grants NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, and R01 AG022982, and, in part, with resources of the VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health. The Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA/NIH, or the VA. The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). Osaka University Aged Twin Registry is supported by grants from JSPS KAKENHI JP (23593419, 24792601, 26671010, 24590695, 26293128, 16K15385, 16K15978, 16K15989, 16H03261).
Published: 2017

25. Biological and environmental determinants of 12-minute run performance in youth

Author: Mikis D. Stasinopoulos, Albrecht Claessens, Johan Lefevre, Duarte L. Freitas, José Maia, Martine Thomis, António M. Antunes, Robert M. Malina, Donald Hedeker, and Élvio R. Gouveia
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Biological and environmental determinants, Aging, Adolescent, Physiology, Epidemiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Body Mass Index, Running, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Residence Characteristics, Genetics, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Exercise, Socioeconomic status, media_common, Run performance in youth, Anthropometry, Portugal, Age Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cardiorespiratory fitness, 030229 sport sciences, Skeletal maturity, language.human_language, Maturity (psychological), Skinfold Thickness, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Social Class, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, language, Female, Residence, Portuguese, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Background: The 12-minute run is a commonly used indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. Variation in growth and maturity status as potential correlates of test performance has not been systematically addressed. Aim: To evaluate biological and environmental determinants of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth aged 7–17 years. Subjects and methods: Mixed-longitudinal samples of 187 boys and 142 girls were surveyed in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The 12-minute run was the indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Height, body mass and five skinfolds were measured and skeletal maturity was assessed. Physical activity, socioeconomic status and area of residence were obtained with a questionnaire. Multi-level modelling was used for the analysis. Results: Chronological age and sum of five skinfolds were significant predictors of 12-minute run performance. Older boys and girls ran longer distances than younger peers, while high levels of subcutaneous fat were associated with shorter running distances. Rural boys were more proficient in the 12-minute run than urban peers. Skeletal maturity, height, body mass index, physical activity and socioeconomic status were not significant predictors of 12-minute run performances. Conclusions: Age and sum of skinfolds in both sexes and rural residence in boys are significant predictors of 12-minute run performance in Portuguese youth.
Published: 2017
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26. The relationship of physical activity to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in a sample of community-dwelling older adults from Amazonas, Brazil

Author: António A. Antunes, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel, Floramara T. Machado, Rui Ornelas, Andreas Ihle, Duarte L. Freitas, Angeany Pinto Odim, Maria Antonieta Tinôco, Jefferson Jurema, and Bárbara R. Muniz
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Aging, Health (social science), Waist, Alcohol Drinking, Independent living, Physical activity, Body fat distribution, Alcohol drinking, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Social class, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Weight loss, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Middle aged, Socioeconomic status, Exercise, Aged, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Smoking, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, High density lipoprotein cholesterol level, Institutional repository, Social Class, Dyslipidemia, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, ddc:618.97, Modifiable behavior patterns, Waist circumference, Female, Independent Living, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, Waist Circumference, business, Brazil, Demography
Abstract: Objectives (1) To study the relation of physical activity (PA) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and (2) to investigate if the strength of these associations holds after adjustments for sex, age, and other key correlates. Methods This study included 550 older adults from Amazonas. HDL-C was derived from fasting blood samples. PA at sport and leisure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status (SES) were interviewed. Waist circumference (WACI) was assessed. Results HDL-C was positively related to PA sport, PA leisure, and SES (0.22 ≤ r ≤ 0.34; p ≤ 0.001) and negatively related to smoking and WACI (r ≤ −0.10; p < 0.05). Controlling for sex and age did not affect these relationships. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the relation of HDL-C to PA sport and leisure remained significant when controlling for all other investigated correlates (0.14 ≤ β ≤ 0.24; p ≤ 0.001). Discussion In order to prevent low HDL-C in older adults, promoting PA seems to be an important additional component besides common recommendations concerning weight reduction.
Published: 2017

27. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Relates to Working Memory, Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall in Brazilian Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

Author: Andreas Ihle, Maria Antonieta Tinôco, Élvio R. Gouveia, Matthias Kliegel, Jefferson Jurema, Bruna R. Gouveia, and Duarte L. Freitas
Subjects: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, Male, Cognitive Neuroscience, Statistics as Topic, Cognitive reserve, Affect (psychology), Cognitive functioning, Education, Developmental psychology, Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, Leisure Activities, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognitive Reserve, ddc:150, Prospective memory, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cognitive skill, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Working memory, Brasil, Life course, Psychiatry and Mental health, Institutional repository, Memory, Short-Term, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Cognitive leisure activity, Older adults, Mental Recall, ddc:618.97, Life course approach, Cognitive level of job, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Lipoproteins, HDL, Psychology, Biomarkers, Brazil, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The present study examined age differences in time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in primary school age children and tested the role of self-initiated memory retrieval and strategic time monitoring (TM) as possible developmental mechanisms. Fifty-four children were recruited from local primary schools (27 younger children, mean age = 7.2 ± 0.55 years, and 27 older children, mean age = 9.61 ± 0.71 years). The task was a driving game scenario in which children had to drive a vehicle (ongoing task) and to remember to refuel before the vehicle runs out of gas (TBPM task, i.e., the fuel gauge served as child-appropriate time equivalent). Fuel gauge was either displayed permanently (low level of self-initiation) or could only be viewed on demand by hitting a button (high level of self-initiation). The results revealed age-dependent TBPM differences with better performance in older children. In contrast, level of self-initiated memory retrieval did not affect TBPM performance. However, strategies of TM influenced TBPM, as more frequent time checking was related to better performance. Patterns of time checking frequency differed according to children's age and course of the game, suggesting difficulties in maintaining initial strategic TM in younger children. Taken together, the study revealed ongoing development of TBPM across primary school age. Observed age differences seemed to be associated with the ability to maintain strategic monitoring.
Published: 2017

28. Multivariate analysis of lifestyle, constitutive and body composition factors influencing bone health in community-dwelling older adults from Madeira, Portugal

Author: José Maia, Duarte L. Freitas, Bruna R. Gouveia, Carla Lopes, Cameron J. R. Blimkie, Élvio R. Gouveia, and Instituto de Saúde Pública
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Aging, Health (social science), Multivariate analysis, Bone density, Cross-sectional study, Population, Motor Activity, Body composition, Absorptiometry, Photon, Bone Density, Surveys and Questionnaires, Bone mineral density, Humans, Medicine, Femur, education, Life Style, Aged, Demography, Femoral neck, Bone mineral, education.field_of_study, Lumbar Vertebrae, Anthropometry, Portugal, Femur Neck, Physical activity, business.industry, Bone strength - Elder, Regression analysis, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Multivariate Analysis, Body Composition, Female, Madeira (Portugal), Geriatrics and Gerontology, business
Abstract: This study describes the association between habitual physical activity (PA), other lifestyle/constitutive factors, body composition, and bone health/strength in a large sample of older adults from Madeira, Portugal. This cross-sectional study included 401 males and 401 females aged 60-79 years old. Femoral strength index (FSI) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total lean tissue mass (TLTM) and total fat mass (TFM) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-DXA. PA was assessed during face-to-face interviews using the Baecke questionnaire and for a sub-sample by Tritrac accelerometer. Demographic and health history information were obtained by telephone interview through questionnaire. The relationship between habitual PA variables and bone health/strength indicators (whole body BMD, FNBMD, LSBMD, and FSI) investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was similar for females (0.098≤r≤0.189) and males (0.104≤r≤0.105). Results from standard multiple regression analysis indicated that the primary and most significant predictors for FNBMD in both sexes were age, TLTM, and TFM. For LSBMD, the most significant predictor was TFM in men and TFM, age, and TLTM in females. Our regression model explained 8.3-14.2% and 14.8-29.6% of the total variance in LSBMD and FNBMD for males and females, respectively. This study suggests that habitual PA is minimally but positively associated with BMD and FSI among older adult males and females and that body composition factors like TLTM and TFM are the strongest determinants of BMD and FSI in this population.
Published: 2014

29. Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood : an individualbased pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts

Author: Michel Boivin, Jane Wardle, Frank Vitaro, Corrado Fagnani, Ruth J. F. Loos, Xiaohu Ding, Grant W. Montgomery, Dorret I. Boomsma, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, David Laszlo Tarnoki, Thalia C. Eley, Finn Rasmussen, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, Jeffrey M. Craig, Morten Sodemann, Catherine Tuvblad, Yoshie Yokoyama, Sören Möller, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Axel Skytthe, Karri Silventoinen, Jaakko Kaprio, Syuichi Ooki, S. Alexandra Burt, Brooke M. Huibregtse, Yoon-Mi Hur, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Reijo Sund, Kimberly J. Saudino, Matt McGue, Thomas M. Mack, Liming Li, Sari Aaltonen, Massimo Mangino, Claire M. A. Haworth, Nancy L. Pedersen, Mingguang He, Per Tynelius, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Lior Abramson, Richard Saffery, José Maia, Lindon J. Eaves, Gary E. Swan, Tom A. McAdams, Ruth Krasnow, Kaare Christensen, Shandell Pahlen, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Andreas Busjahn, K. Paige Harden, Ginette Dionne, Feng Ning, Abigail Fisher, Nicholas G. Martin, Laura A. Baker, Robert F. Vlietinck, Kelly L. Klump, Jacob v. B. Hjelmborg, Genevieve Lachance, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Alice M. Gregory, Fazil Aliev, Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Cristina D'Ippolito, Margaret Gatz, Robert Plomin, Fuling Ji, Gonneke Willemsen, Esther Rebato, Meike Bartels, Clare H. Llewellyn, Glen E. Duncan, Jack H. Goldberg, Zengchang Pang, Wendy Cozen, Sevgi Y. Öncel, David Mankuta, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Kauko Heikkilä, Lise Dubois, Robin P. Corley, Maria A. Stazi, Duarte L. Freitas, Aline Jelenkovic, Amie E. Hwang, Mara Brendgen, Paul Lichtenstein, Robert F. Krueger, Hermine H. Maes, David A. Butler, Catherine Derom, Christian Kandler, Sarah E. Medland, Dedra Buchwald, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Kerry L. Jang, Wenjing Gao, Canqing Yu, Judy L. Silberg, Chika Honda, Tim D. Spector, Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. École de psychoéducation, Biological Psychology, EMGO+ - Musculoskeletal Health, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Jaakko Kaprio / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Sociology, Center for Population, Health and Society, Population Research Unit (PRU), and Genetic Epidemiology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Male, близнецы, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Epidemiology, CHILDHOOD, Genome-wide association study, Quantitative trait, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Twins, Dizygotic, генетические воздействия, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Early childhood, Young adult, Gene–environment interaction, Child, Multidisciplinary, Asia, Eastern, экологические воздействия, HERITABILITY, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Europe, Child, Preschool, GROWTH, POPULATIONS, Female, TRAITS, Adolescent, Quantitative trait locus, Environment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, AGE, Genetic, Genetic variation, Humans, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, business.industry, Height, Australia, Genetic Variation, Infant, Biology and Life Sciences, Twins, Monozygotic, Heritability, Body Height, BODY-MASS INDEX, 030104 developmental biology, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, CODATWINS PROJECT, North America, Environmental influences, Gene-Environment Interaction, рост, WEIGHT, business, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Loos, Ruth J F/0000-0002-8532-5087; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; Busjahn, Andreas/0000-0001-9650-6919; Skytthe, Axel E/0000-0002-8629-4913; Heikkila, Kauko/0000-0002-9256-8028; Haworth, Claire/0000-0002-8608-289X; Hjelmborg, Jacob/0000-0001-9630-9149; Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; Aliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; Fagnani, Corrado/0000-0001-5771-7772; Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Knafo-Noam, Ariel/0000-0003-0613-1960; Montgomery, Grant W/0000-0002-4140-8139; Moller, Soren/0000-0003-0858-4269; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X; Duncan, Glen/0000-0001-6909-1869; Medland, Sarah E/0000-0003-1382-380X; Kandler, Christian/0000-0002-9175-235X; Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292; Magnusson, Patrik/0000-0002-7315-7899; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; de Freitas, Duarte Luis/0000-0001-6642-3370; Harden, Kathryn/0000-0002-1557-6737; Derom, Catherine/0000-0001-5574-796X; Plomin, Robert/0000-0002-0756-3629; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079; Rasmussen, Finn/0000-0001-7915-7809; Boivin, Michel/0000-0001-8621-9844; Saffery, Richard/0000-0002-9510-4181; Pahlen, Shandell/0000-0003-0753-4155; van Beijsterveldt, Toos/0000-0002-6617-4201; Rebato, Esther/0000-0003-1221-8501; Pedersen, Nancy/0000-0001-8057-3543; Aaltonen, Sari/0000-0002-2873-4263; Llewellyn, Clare/0000-0002-0066-2827; Kyvik, Kirsten Ohm/0000-0003-2981-0245; Sodemann, Morten/0000-0001-8992-2500; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236; D'Ippolito, Cristina/0000-0001-7902-9380; McAdams, Tom/0000-0002-6825-3499 WOS: 000378317900001 PubMed: 27333805 Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1-19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia, and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments. Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [266592, 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 264146]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375, 1R01ESO15150-01, AA023322, HD081437, R21 AG039572]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; Special Fund for Health Scientific Research in the Public Welfare, China [201502006]; NIDAUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [DA011015, HD10333]; National Program for Research Infrastructure from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; Research Council for Health and Disease; Velux Foundation; US National Institute of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [P01 AG08761]; Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins; NGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology [FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, 201413]; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease GeneticsAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program; Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; WT Grant Foundation; University of London Central Research fund; Medical Research Council Training FellowshipMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G81/343, G120/635]; Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic & Social Research Council (ESRC) [RES-000-22-2206]; Institute of Social Psychiatry [06/07-11]; Leverhulme Research FellowshipLeverhulme Trust [RF/2/RFG/2008/0145]; Goldsmiths, University of London; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [81125007]; Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary; European Research Council (ERC)European Research Council (ERC) [240994]; Michigan State University; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01-HD066040]; MSU Foundation [11-SPG-2518]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); MagW/ZonMW [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192]; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC-230374]; Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA); Australian National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [437015, 607358]; Bonnie Babes Foundation [BBF20704]; Financial Markets Foundation for Children [032-2007]; Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program; Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]) [POCI/DES/56834/2004]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la CultureFQRNT; Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du QuebecFonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Health Research Development Program; Canadian Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center; Canada Research Chair ProgramCanada Research Chairs; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1 B00047]; UK Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245]; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [31/D19086]; Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKUKirikkale University [2009/43]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)European Union (EU); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH58354]; NIHUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [RC2 HL103416]; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15H05105]; [5T32DA017637-11]; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G19/2, MR/M021475/1, G120/635, G0500079, G0901245]; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchNovo Nordisk Foundation [Metabolic Genetics]; Novo Nordisk FondenNovo NordiskNovo Nordisk Foundation [NNF10CC1016515] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). Support for participating twin projects: The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (#R01 HD068435 #R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01ESO15150-01). Chinese National Twin Registry is funded by Special Fund for Health Scientific Research in the Public Welfare (Project No: 201502006), China. Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA funded center grant DA011015, & Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333; Author Huibregtse is supported by to 5T32DA017637-11. Danish Twin Registry is supported by the National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, The Research Council for Health and Disease, the Velux Foundation and the US National Institute of Health (P01 AG08761). Since its origin the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to RJ Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant numbers: 213506, 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278 and 264146 to J. Kaprio). K. Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). Waves 1-3 of Genesis 12-19 were funded by the WT Grant Foundation, the University of London Central Research fund and a Medical Research Council Training Fellowship (G81/343) and Career Development Award (G120/635) to Thalia C. Eley. Wave 4 was supported by grants from the Economic and Social Research Council (RES-000-22-2206) and the Institute of Social Psychiatry (06/07-11) to Alice M. Gregory who was also supported at that time by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship (RF/2/RFG/2008/0145). Wave 5 was supported by funding to Alice M. Gregory from Goldsmiths, University of London. Guangzhou Twin Eye Study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant #81125007). Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting Grant no. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University, as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIMH, the NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health. The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health grant number R21 AG039572.; Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193,480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); the European Research Council (ERC-230374), the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). PETS was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant numbers 437015 and 607358 to J. C. and R.S.), the Bonnie Babes Foundation (grant number BBF20704 to J. M. C.), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (grant no. 032-2007 to J. M. C.), and by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness and health: the Madeira family study Project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004 Founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]). The Quebec Newborn Twin Study acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the National Health Research Development Program, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center, and the Canada Research Chair Program (Michel Boivin). South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1 B00047). The Texas Twin Project is currently funded by grants AA023322 and HD081437 from the National Institutes of Health. The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (G0901245) from the UK Medical Research Council and the work on obesity in TEDS is supported in part by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (31/D19086). S.Y. Oncel and F. Aliev are supported by Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. TwinsUK was funded by the Wellcome Trust; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). The study also receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). Washington State Twin Registry (formerly the University of Washington Twin Registry) was supported in part by grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D. Buchwald, PI). The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant number 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Published: 2016

30. Skeletal muscle and physical activity in Portuguese community-dwelling older adults

Author: Bruna R. Gouveia, Cameron J. R. Blimkie, Duarte L. Freitas, José Maia, and Élvio R. Gouveia
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Sarcopenia, Physical activity, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Absorptiometry, Photon, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, Statistical analysis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Exercise, Gait, Lean soft tissue, Aged, Anthropometry, Portugal, business.industry, Rehabilitation, Skeletal muscle, Total body, Regression analysis, 030229 sport sciences, Middle Aged, Explained variation, Lifestyle, language.human_language, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, language, Female, Analysis of variance, Independent Living, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Portuguese, business, Demography
Abstract: The aims of this study were to describe age- and sex-related differences in total body skeletal muscle (TB-SM) mass and to determine the variance explained by physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study included 401 males and 402 females, aged 60–79 years. TB-SM was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and PA by Baecke questionnaire. Statistical analysis included t test, ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analysis. TB-SM mass was higher in the youngest age group when compared with the oldest in males and females. Males had greater TB-SM values than females. PA made a significant and positive contribution to the variation in TB-SM, β = 0.071; p = .016. Sex, height, fat mass, and PA explained 77% of the variance in TB-SM. The oldest cohorts and females had lower TB-SM than the younger cohorts and males. This study suggests that PA exerts a significant role in the explanation of TB-SM.
Published: 2016
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31. An evaluation of a nurse-led rehabilitation programme (the ProBalance Programme) to improve balance and reduce fall risk of community-dwelling older people: A randomised controlled trial

Author: Helena Gonçalves Jardim, Duarte L. Freitas, Debra J. Rose, Élvio R. Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva Martins, and José Maia
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Functional training, medicine.medical_treatment, Poison control, Community-dwelling, Suicide prevention, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Randomized controlled trial, law, Risk Factors, Rheabilitation nursing, medicine, Postural Balance, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Gait, General Nursing, Balance (ability), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Rehabilitation, business.industry, Clinical trial, Physical therapy, Accidental Falls, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Program Evaluation
Abstract: This study aims to assess the effect of a nurse-led rehabilitation programme (the ProBalance Programme) on balance and fall risk of community-dwelling older people from Madeira Island, Portugal.Single-blind, randomised controlled trial.University laboratory.Community-dwelling older people, aged 65-85, with balance impairments. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (IG; n=27) or a wait-list control group (CG; n=25).A rehabilitation nursing programme included gait, balance, functional training, strengthening, flexibility, and 3D training. One trained rehabilitation nurse administered the group-based intervention over a period of 12 weeks (90min sessions, 2 days per week). A wait-list control group was instructed to maintain their usual activities during the same time period.Balance was assessed using the Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB) scale. The time points for assessment were at zero (pre-test), 12 (post-test), and 24 weeks (follow up).Changes in the mean (SD) FAB scale scores immediately following the 12-week intervention were 5.15 (2.81) for the IG and -1.45 (2.80) for the CG. At follow-up, the mean (SD) change scores were -1.88 (1.84) and 0.75 (2.99) for the IG and CG, respectively. The results of a mixed between-within subjects analysis of variance, controlling for physical activity levels at baseline, revealed a significant interaction between group and time (F (2, 42)=27.89, p0.001, Partial Eta Squared=0.57) and a main effect for time (F (2, 43)=3.76, p=0.03, Partial Eta Squared=0.15), with both groups showing changes in the mean FAB scale scores across the three time periods. A significant main effect comparing the two groups (F (1, 43)=21.90, p0.001, Partial Eta Squared=0.34) confirmed a clear positive effect of the intervention when compared to the control.This study demonstrated that the rehabilitation nursing programme was effective in improving balance and reducing fall risk in a group of older people with balance impairment, immediately after the intervention. A decline in balance was observed for the IG after a period of no intervention.ACTRN12612000301864.
Published: 2016

32. An Allometric Modelling Approach to Identify the Optimal Body Shape Associated with, and Differences between Brazilian and Peruvian Youth Motor Performance

Author: José Maia, Duarte L. Freitas, Alan M. Nevill, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Simonete Silva, Alcibíades Bustamante, and António Prista
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Physical fitness, Culture, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Adolescents, Geographical locations, Body Mass Index, Biological maturation, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Peru, Medicine and Health Sciences, Body Size, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, Child, Children, Multidisciplinary, Schools, Anthropometry, Hand Strength, Physiological Parameters, Educational Status, Female, Brazil, Research Article, Multi-stage fitness test, Adolescent, Schoolchildren, Body size, Biology, Motor Activity, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Hand strength, Humans, business.industry, lcsh:R, Body Weight, Biology and Life Sciences, 030229 sport sciences, South America, Physical Fitness, Age Groups, People and Places, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, Allometry, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: Children from developed and developing countries differ in their body size and shape due to marked differences across their life history caused by social, economic and cultural differences which are also linked to their motor performance (MP). We used allometric models to identify size/shape characteristics associated with MP tests between Brazilian and Peruvian schoolchildren. A total of 4,560 subjects, 2,385 girls and 2,175 boys aged 9-15 years were studied. Height and weight were measured; biological maturation was estimated with the maturity offset technique; MP measures included the 12 minute run (12MR), handgrip strength (HG), standing long jump (SLJ) and the shuttle run speed (SR) tests; physical activity (PA) was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. A multiplicative allometric model was adopted to adjust for body size differences across countries. Reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) was found to be the most suitable body shape indicator associated with the 12MR, SLJ, HG and SR performance. A positive maturation offset parameter was also associated with a better performance in SLJ, HG and SR tests. Sex differences were found in all motor tests. Brazilian youth showed better scores in MP than their Peruvian peers, even when controlling for their body size differences The current study identified the key body size associated with four body mass-dependent MP tests. Biological maturation and PA were associated with strength and motor performance. Sex differences were found in all motor tests, as well as across countries favoring Brazilian children even when accounting for their body size/shape differences.
Published: 2015

33. Change, stability and prediction of gross motor co-ordination in Portuguese children

Author: Alexandra Q. Teixeira, Duarte L. Freitas, Martine Thomis, Élvio R. Gouveia, José Maia, Johan Lefevre, and António M. Antunes
Subjects: Male, Aging, Physiology, Epidemiology, Gross motor skill, Physical fitness, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Motor Activity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, Multivariate analysis of variance, Genetics, Mathematics education, Confidence Intervals, Humans, Child, Socioeconomic status, Exercise, Motor skill, Portugal, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Univariate, 030229 sport sciences, language.human_language, Test (assessment), Child, Preschool, language, Linear Models, Female, Portuguese, Psychology, business, Demography, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The knowledge about intra- and inter-individual variation can stimulate attempts at description, interpretation and prediction of motor co-ordination (MC).To analyse change, stability and prediction of motor co-ordination (MC) in children.A total of 158 children, 83 boys and 75 girls, aged 6, 7 and 8 years, were evaluated in 2006 and re-evaluated in 2012 at 12, 13 and 14 years of age. MC was assessed through the Kiphard-Schilling's body co-ordination test and growth, skeletal maturity, physical fitness, fundamental motor skills (FMS), physical activity and socioeconomic status (SES) were measured and/or estimated.Repeated-measures MANOVA indicated that there was a significant effect of group, sex and time on a linear combination of the MC tests. Univariate tests revealed that group 3 (8-14 years) scored significantly better than group 1 (6-12 years) in all MC tests and boys performed better than girls in hopping for height and moving sideways. Scores in MC were also higher at follow-up than at baseline. Inter-age correlations for MC were between 0.15-0.74. Childhood predictors of MC were growth, physical fitness, FMS, physical activity and SES. Biological maturation did not contribute to prediction of MC.MC seemed moderately stable from childhood through adolescence and, additionally, inter-individual predictors at adolescence were growth, FMS, physical fitness, physical activity and SES.
Published: 2015

34. Centile Curves and Reference Values for Height, Body Mass, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference of Peruvian Children and Adolescents

Author: José Maia, Duarte L. Freitas, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Alcibíades Bustamante, and Huiqi Pan
Subjects: Male, Percentile, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Centile curves, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Schoolchildren, lcsh:Medicine, Body weight, Article, Body Mass Index, Reference values, School children, Peru, medicine, Humans, Growth Charts, Child, 2. Zero hunger, centile curves, business.industry, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, nutritional and metabolic diseases, schoolchildren, Hispanic or Latino, reference values, Circumference, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Child, Preschool, Female, Waist Circumference, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract: This study aimed to provide height, body mass, BMI and waist circumference (WC) growth centile charts for school-children, aged 4–17 years, from central Peru, and to compare Peruvian data with North-American and Argentinean references. The sample consisted of 8753 children and adolescents (4130 boys and 4623 girls) aged 4 to 17 years, from four Peruvian cities: Barranco, La Merced, San Ramón and Junín. Height, body mass and WC were measured according to standardized techniques. Centile curves for height, body mass, BMI and WC were obtained separately for boys and girls using the LMS method. Student t-tests were used to compare mean values. Overall boys have higher median heights than girls, and the 50th percentile for body mass increases curvilinearly from 4 years of age onwards. In boys, the BMI and WC 50th percentiles increase linearly and in girls, the increase presents a curvilinear pattern. Peruvian children are shorter, lighter and have higher BMI than their counterparts in the U.S. and Argentina, in contrast, age and sex-specific WC values are lower. Height, body mass and WC of Peruvian children increased with age and variability was higher at older ages. The growth patterns for height, body mass, BMI and WC among Peruvian children were similar to those observed in North-American and Argentinean peers.
Published: 2015
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35. Skeletal maturation, fundamental motor skills and motor coordination in children 7-10 years

Author: Gaston Beunen, António M. Antunes, Albrecht Claessens, Berthold Lausen, Élvio R. Gouveia, Martine Thomis, Johan Lefevre, Robert M. Malina, Duarte L. Freitas, and José Maia
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Gross motor skill, Physical fitness, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Overweight, Developmental psychology, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Sex Factors, Age Determination by Skeleton, Task Performance and Analysis, medicine, Body Size, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Child, Motor skill, business.industry, Bone age, Motor coordination, Cross-Sectional Studies, Skeletal maturation, Motor Skills, Regression Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, business, Body mass index
Abstract: Relationships between skeletal maturation and fundamental motor skills and gross motor coordination were evaluated in 429 children (213 boys and 216 girls) 7-10 years. Skeletal age was assessed (Tanner-Whitehouse 2 method), and stature, body mass, motor coordination (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder, KTK) and fundamental motor skills (Test of Gross Motor Development, TGMD-2) were measured. Relationships among chronological age, skeletal age (expressed as the standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age) and body size and fundamental motor skills and motor coordination were analysed with hierarchical multiple regression. Standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age interacting with stature and body mass explained a maximum of 7.0% of the variance in fundamental motor skills and motor coordination over that attributed to body size per se. Standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age alone accounted for a maximum of 9.0% of variance in fundamental motor skills, and motor coordination over that attributed to body size per se and interactions between standardised residual of skeletal age on chronological age and body size. In conclusion, skeletal age alone or interacting with body size has a negligible influence on fundamental motor skills and motor coordination in children 7-10 years.
Published: 2015

36. Gross motor coordination and weight status of Portuguese children aged 6-14 years

Author: António M, Antunes, José A, Maia, Mikis D, Stasinopoulos, Élvio R, Gouveia, Martine A, Thomis, Johan A, Lefevre, Alexandra Q, Teixeira, and Duarte L, Freitas
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Portugal, Age Factors, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Social Class, Motor Skills, Humans, Female, Obesity, Child, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract: To construct age- and gender-specific percentiles for gross motor coordination (MC) tests and to explore differences in gross MC in normal-weight, overweight and obese children.Data are from the "Healthy Growth of Madeira Study," a cross-sectional study carried out in children, aged 6-14 years. All 1,276 participants, 619 boys and 657 girls, were assessed for gross MC (Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder, KTK), anthropometry (height and body mass), physical activity (Baecke questionnaire) and socioeconomic status (SES). Centile curves for gross MC were obtained for boys and girls separately using generalized additive models for location, scale and shape.A significant main effect for age was found in walking backwards and moving sideways. Boys performed significantly better than girls on moving sideways. At the upper limit of the distributions, interindividual variability was higher in hopping on one leg (girls) and jumping and moving sideways (boys and girls). One-way ANCOVA, controlling for age, physical activity and SES, indicated that normal-weight children scored significantly better than their obese peers in all gross MC tests. Overweight boys and girls also scored significantly better than their obese colleagues in some MC tests.These centile curves can be used as reference data in Portuguese children and youth, aged 6-14 years. Being overweight or obese was a major limitation in MC tests and, therefore, of the children's health- and performance-related physical fitness.
Published: 2014

37. Genotype by sex and genotype by age interactions with sedentary behavior: the Portuguese healthy family study

Author: Fernanda Karina dos Santos, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Duarte L. Freitas, D. Santos, Vincent P. Diego, John Blangero, Michele Caroline de Souza, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Raquel Nichele de Chaves, and José Maia
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Genotype, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Health Promotion, Biology, Genetic correlation, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic variation, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, Public and Occupational Health, Family, Public Health Surveillance, Young adult, lcsh:Science, Child, 030304 developmental biology, computer.programming_language, Genetics, Portuguese healthy family, 0303 health sciences, Models, Statistical, Multidisciplinary, sed, lcsh:R, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Heritability, Genetic architecture, Sedentary behavior, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Genetic Epidemiology, Personal computer, lcsh:Q, Female, Sedentary Behavior, computer, Research Article, Demography
Abstract: Sedentary behavior (SB) expression and its underlying causal factors have been progressively studied, as it is a major determinant of decreased health quality. In the present study we applied Genotype x Age (GxAge) and Genotype x Sex (GxSex) interaction methods to determine if the phenotypic expression of different SB traits is influenced by an interaction between genetic architecture and both age and sex. A total of 1345 subjects, comprising 249 fathers, 327 mothers, 334 sons and 325 daughters, from 339 families of The Portuguese Healthy Family Study were included in the analysis. SB traits were assessed by means of a 3-d physical activity recall, the Baecke and IPAQ questionnaires. GxAge and GxSex interactions were analyzed using SOLAR 4.0 software. Sedentary behaviour heritability estimates were not always statistically significant (p>0.05) and ranged from 3% to 27%. The GxSex and GxAge interaction models were significantly better than the single polygenic models for TV (min/day), EEsed (kcal/day), personal computer (PC) usage and physical activty (PA) tertiles. The GxAge model is also significantly better than the polygenic model for Sed (min/day). For EEsed, PA tertiles, PC and Sed, the GxAge interaction was significant because the genetic correlation between SB environments was significantly different from 1. Further, PC and Sed variance heterogeneity among distinct ages were observed. The GxSex interaction was significant for EEsed due to genetic variance heterogeneity between genders and for PC due to a genetic correlation less than 1 across both sexes. Our results suggest that SB expression may be influenced by the interactions between genotype with both sex and age. Further, different sedentary behaviors seem to have distinct genetic architectures and are differentially affected by age and sex.
Published: 2014

38. Short-term secular change in height, body mass and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 skeletal maturity of Madeira youth, Portugal

Author: Robert M. Malina, Duarte L. Freitas, José Maia, Martine Thomis, Johan Lefevre, Albrecht Claessens, Élvio R. Gouveia, Berthold Lausen, and Mikis D. Stasinopoulos
Subjects: Adult, Male, Aging, Time Factors, Adolescent, Physiology, Epidemiology, Ulna, Biology, Bone and Bones, Reference Values, Age Determination by Skeleton, Genetics, Humans, Skeletal maturation, Child, Carpal Bones, Bone Development, Portugal, Body Weight, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bone age, Skeletal maturity, Body Height, Secular variation, Radius, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Reference values, Sample Size, Female, Madeira (Portugal), Demography, Tanner-Whitehouse
Abstract: Secular trends in height and weight are reasonably well documented in Europe. Corresponding observations for skeletal maturation are lacking. Aim: To assess secular trends in height, body mass and skeletal maturity of Portuguese children and adolescents and to provide updated reference values for skeletal maturity scores (SMSs). Subjects and methods: Data for 2856 children and adolescents of 4–17 years, 1412 boys and 1444 girls, from The ‘Madeira Growth Study’ (MGS; 1996–1998) and from the‘Healthy Growth of Madeira Children Study’ (CRES; 2006) were used. Height and body mass were measured. Skeletal maturity was assessed with the Tanner-Whitehouse 2 and 3 methods. Results: Children from CRES were taller and heavier than peers from MGS. Differences in height reached 5.8cm in boys and 5.5cm in girls. RUS SMSs did not differ consistently between surveys boys, while higher RUS scores were observed in CRES girls. Adult RUS SMSs for MGS and CRES combined were attained at 15.8 years in boys and 14.8 years in girls. Corresponding ages for adult Carpal SMSs were 14.4 and 14.0, respectively. Conclusion: The short-term trends for height and mass were not entirely consistent with the trends in RUS and Carpal SMSs and SAs. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2012

39. Tracking of fatness during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: a 7-year follow-up study in Madeira Island, Portugal

Author: Martine Thomis, José Maia, Élvio R. Gouveia, Johan Lefevre, Albrecht Claessens, António Marques, Duarte L. Freitas, and Gaston Beunen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Aging, Waist, Adolescent, Physiology, Epidemiology, Motor Activity, Overweight, Adolescents, Young Adult, Body fatness, Genetics, Humans, Medicine, Aerobic exercise, Obesity, Sexual Maturation, Young adult, Child, Children, Adiposity, Portugal, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Follow up studies, Circumference, medicine.disease, Body Height, Inter-age correlations, Physical Fitness, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Linear Models, Female, Tracking (education), Madeira (Portugal), Waist Circumference, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies, Demography, Young adults
Abstract: Aims: Investigating tracking of fatness from childhood to adolescence, early adolescence to young adulthood and late adolescence to young adulthood. Subjects and methods: Participants from the Madeira Growth Study were followed during an average period of 7.2 years. Height, body mass, skin-folds and circumferences were measured, nine health- and performance-related tests were administered and the Baecke questionnaire was used to assess physical activity. Skeletal maturity was estimated using the TW3 method. Results: The prevalence of overweight plus obesity ranged from 8.2–20.0% at baseline and from 20.4–40.0% at followup, in boys. Corresponding percentages for girls were 10.6– 12.0% and 13.2–18.0%. Inter-age correlations for fatness indicators ranged from 0.43–0.77. BMI, waist circumference and sum of skin-folds at 8, 12 and 16-years old were the main predictors of these variables at 15, 19 and 23-years old, respectively. Strength, muscular endurance and aerobic ﬁtness were negatively related to body fatness. Physical activity and maturation were independently associated with adolescent (15 years) and young adult (19 years) fatness. Conclusions: Over 7.2 years, tracking was moderate-to-high for fatness. Variance was explained by fatness indicators and to a small extent by physical ﬁtness, physical activity and maturation.
Published: 2012

40. Prediction of adult height in girls: the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method

Author: Johan Lefevre, José Maia, Robert M. Malina, Élvio R. Gouveia, Gaston Beunen, Albrecht Claessens, Martine Thomis, Hermine H. Maes, and Duarte L. Freitas
Subjects: Adolescent, Body height, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, White People, Statistics, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Child, Mathematics, Menarche, Anthropometry, Age Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Bone age, Regression analysis, Twin study, Adult height, Regression, Body Height, Adolescence, Skinfold Thickness, Standard error, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Non-invasive method, Regression Analysis, Female, Biological maturation, Demography
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to validate and cross-validate the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method for non-invasive prediction of adult height in girls. A sample of 420 girls aged 10–15 years from the Madeira Growth Study were measured at yearly intervals and then 8 years later. Anthropometric dimensions (lengths, breadths, circumferences, and skinfolds) were measured; skeletal age was assessed using the Tanner-Whitehouse 3 method and menarcheal status (present or absent) was recorded. Adult height was measured and predicted using stepwise, forward, and maximum R2 regression techniques. Multiple correlations, mean differences, standard errors of prediction, and error boundaries were calculated. A sample of the Leuven Longitudinal Twin Study was used to cross-validate the regressions. Age-speciﬁc coefﬁcients of determination (R2) between predicted and measured adult height varied between 0.57 and 0.96, while standard errors of prediction varied between 1.1 and 3.9 cm. The cross-validation conﬁrmed the validity of the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method in girls aged 12–15 years, but at lower ages the cross-validation was less consistent. We conclude that the Beunen-Malina-Freitas method is valid for the prediction of adult height in girls aged 12–15 years. It is applicable to European populations or populations of European ancestry. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2011

41. Functional fitness and bone mineral density in the elderly

Author: Duarte L. Freitas, José Maia, Élvio R. Gouveia, Cameron J. R. Blimkie, A. L. Rodrigues, and Gaston Beunen
Subjects: Gerontology, Male, Functional training, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, Bone health, Bone Density, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Bone quality, medicine, Bone mineral density, Body Size, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Femur, Functional fitness, Exercise, Aged, Bone mineral, Portugal, business.industry, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Physical Fitness, Physical therapy, Body Composition, Physical Endurance, Osteoporosis, Female, Femur strength index, Older people, business
Abstract: Bone quality has been associated with genetic factors and several environmental influences. This study suggests that although functional fitness should be considered in clinical assessments of bone health, body composition appears to have a higher relevance in the explanation of bone health/strength in older people.This study aims to describe the association between functional fitness (FF), other constitutive factors, and bone health/strength in a large community-dwelling sample of elderly active Portuguese.This cross-sectional study included 401 males and 401 females aged 60-79 years old. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total body, lumbar spine (LS), and hip region was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In addition, femur strength index (FSI) was determined. FF was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test. Demographic information and a health history were obtained by telephone interview through questionnaire.Aerobic endurance and body strength were positively related with hip BMD region in males (0.10 r 0.16; p 0.01-0.05) and females (0.13 r 0.28; p 0.01). No significant correlation was found between any FF test and LS BMD, except for upper-body strength in females. After controlling for other constitutive predictors (sex, age, height, body mass (BM), total fat mass (TFM), and total lean tissue mass (TLTM)), FF had a minor contribution only in prediction of BMD at multisites and FSI. The total explained variance for all determinants was moderate (R² = 0.35 for femoral neck (FN) BMD, R² = 0.27 for LS BMD, R² = 0.49 total body BMD, and R² = 0.22 for FSI).Sex, age, height, BM, TLTM, and TFM entered as the most significant contributors for BMD and FSI. Although FF parameters are typically considered in clinical assessments of bone health/strength in older people, body composition appears to have a higher relevance in the explanation of BMD and strength.
Published: 2011

42. Socio-economic status, growth, physical activity and fitness: the Madeira Growth Study

Author: Albrecht Claessens, José Maia, António Marques, Martine Thomis, Maria Crespo, Johan Lefevre, Gaston Beunen, and Duarte L. Freitas
Subjects: Change over time, Male, Aging, Longitudinal study, Social condition, Adolescent, Physiology, Epidemiology, Physical fitness, Socio-economic status, Physical activity, Growth, Biology, Cohort Studies, Fitness, Genetics, Humans, Body Weights and Measures, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Socioeconomic status, Portugal, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Age Factors, Anthropometry, Socioeconomic Factors, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Physical Fitness, population characteristics, Female, Madeira (Portugal), business, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: Within a country social conditions change over time and these conditions vary from country to country. The associations between these conditions, somatic growth, physical activity and fitness reflect these changes. Aim: The study documented variation in somatic growth, physical activity and fitness associated with socio-economic status (SES). Subjects and methods: The study involved 507 subjects (256 boys and 251 girls) from the Madeira Growth Study, a mixed longitudinal study of five cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years of age) followed at yearly intervals over 3 years (1996–1998). A total of 1493 observations were made. Anthropometric measurements included lengths, body mass, skeletal breadths, girths and skinfolds. Physical activity and SES were collected via questionnaire and interview. Physical fitness was assessed using the Eurofit test battery. Variation in somatic growth, physical activity and physical fitness by SES (high, average and low) was tested with analysis of variance. Results: Significant differences between SES groups were observed for height, body mass and skinfolds. Boys and girls from high SES groups were taller, heavier and fatter (subscapular and triceps skinfolds) than their peers from average and low SES groups. At some age intervals, the high SES group had larger skeletal breadths (girls) and girths (boys and girls) than low SES. Small SES differences were observed for physical activity (sport and leisure-time indices). SES was significantly associated with physical fitness. At some age levels, boys from the low SES group performed better for muscular and aerobic endurance whereas girls from the high SES group performed better for power. Conclusion: Considerable variation in somatic growth and physical fitness in association with SES has been demonstrated, but little association was found for physical activity.
Published: 2007

43. Central corneal thickness in the European Glaucoma Prevention Study

Author: Pfeiffer, N, Torri, V, Miglior, S, Zeyen, T, Adamsons, I, Cunha-Vaz, J, Linsen, Mc, Pellicci, L, Janssens, A, van der Veken, A, Nerinckx, F, Boeyden, V, Kestelijn, P, Van den Abeele, K, Jacobs, K, Decock, C, Goethals, M, Pourjavan, S, Maris, K, Kersten, I, Vogel, A, Herkel, U, Schwenn, O, Maser-Wahle, M, Funk, J, Schmidt, B, Akbariyeh, N, Burk, R, Thomsen, A, Grehn, F, Marquardt, D, Orzalesi, N, Rossetti, L, Ferrante, M, Mandelli, L, Bertoni, G, Blini, M, De Molfetta, M, Bonomi, L, Morbio, R, Marraffa, M, Maraini, G, Gandolfi, S, Williams, S, Cimino, L, Dondi, P, Lumbroso, B, Marini, G, Centofanti, M, Cocco, F, Glorialanza, G, Villani, Cm, Pocobelli, A, Cesareo, M, Cupo, G, Neuschuler, R, Pernini, C, Catalani, R, Ribeiro, L, Faria, I, Pereira, Jm, Chingui, S, Duarte, L, Carvalheira, F, Baltar, A, Simao, A, Arede, J, Magalhaes, A, Abrantes, P, Reina, M, Silva, Jp, Romano, G, Silva, S, Floriani, I, Poli, D, Tinazzi, A, Caprioli, J, Wormald, R, Hejil, A, Airaksinen, J, Michaelis, J, Mandelli, La, Bagno, S, Shedden, A, Gottfried, E, Hutzelmann, J, Rusk, C, Reines, S, Spector, R, Hombrey, J, Snyder, H, Gacos, J, Snapinn, S, Getson, A, Amos, J, Serruys, K, Malbecq, W, John, E, Chapman, J, Beck, J, Tessi, C, Rao, N, Bottari, Fp, D'Achille, R, Wilkins, A, Magerl, K, Bauer, C, Derouwaux, C, Cunha, M, Santana, R, Andrade, Lg, Bule, S, Melo, R, Baumont, H, Bonaventura, I, Pfeiffer, N, Torri, V, Miglior, S, and The European Glaucoma Prevention Study, G
Subjects: Adult, Male, Intraocular pressure, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Settore MED/06 - Oncologia Medica, Glaucoma, ocular hypertension, central corneal thickness, Ocular hypertension, Glaucoma, Thiophenes, Placebo, law.invention, Cornea, Diabetes Complications, Sex Factors, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, Dorzolamide, law, Diabetes mellitus, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Ultrasonography, Sulfonamides, business.industry, Age Factors, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Ocular Hypertension, sense organs, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose: To measure central corneal thickness (CCT) within the participants of the European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS). This study was designed to test if lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) by means of dorzolamide is able to prevent or delay conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma. Design: Randomized, double-masked, controlled, observational clinical trial. Participants: Eight hundred fifty-four of 1077 ocular hypertensive participants within the EGPS were investigated. Four hundred twenty-nine patients were treated with dorzolamide and 425 patients received placebo. Intervention: Treatment with dorzolamide or placebo (the vehicle of dorzolamide) in 1 or both eyes. Main Outcome Measures: Central corneal thickness as measured by ultrasound pachymetry (DGH-500 Pachette; DGH Technologies, Exton, PA). The CCT measurements were obtained in the morning before measuring IOP. Five measurements were taken from each eye of each patient within 5 minutes of application of anesthetic eye drops. Results: Mean CCT was 572.6±37.4 μm (range, 458.5-695.6 μm). The CCT was higher in younger patients, male patients, and diabetic patients. Mean CCTs for the 429 patients receiving dorzolamide were 574.2±38.48 μm (range, 458.5-695.6 μm) and 571.0±36.21 μm (469.7-690.1 μm) for the 425 patients receiving placebo (P = 0.205). Central corneal thickness did not correlate with refraction, baseline IOP, or systemic hypertension. Conclusion: Central corneal thickness measurements within the EGPS were greater than those reported in other studies of normal eyes without ocular hypertension. Larger CCT measurements correlated with male gender, younger age, and diabetes. © 2007 American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Published: 2007

44. Skeletal maturity and socio-economic status in Portuguese children and youths: the Madeira growth study

Author: A Rodrigues, Robert M. Malina, Alcina Sousa, José Maia, Maria Crespo, Johan Lefevre, Martine Thomis, Duarte L. Freitas, Amélia Pasqual Marques, Gaston Beunen, Celso Silva, and Albrecht Claessens
Subjects: Male, Aging, Adolescent, Physiology, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, media_common.quotation_subject, Social class, Cohort Studies, Reference Values, Age Determination by Skeleton, Genetics, Medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Socioeconomic status, media_common, Sex Characteristics, Bone Development, Portugal, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bone age, language.human_language, Maturity (psychological), Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, language, Female, Portuguese, business, Bones of Upper Extremity, Demography, Sex characteristics, Cohort study
Abstract: Skeletal maturity is used to evaluate biological maturity status. Information about the association between socio-economic status (SES) and skeletal maturity is limited in Portugal. Aims: The aim of this study is to document the skeletal maturity of youths in Madeira and to evaluate variation in maturity associated with SES. Subjects and methods: The study involved 507 subjects (256 boys and 251 girls) from the Madeira Growth Study, a mixed-longitudinal study of ﬁve cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years of age) followed at yearly intervals over 3 years (1996–1998). A total of 1493 observations were made. Skeletal age was estimated from radiographs of the hand and wrist using the Tanner–Whitehouse 2 method (TW2). Social class rankings were based on Graﬀar’s (1956) method. Five social rankings were subsequently grouped into three SES categories: high, average and low. Results: Median for the radius, ulna and short ﬁnger bones (RUS scores) in the total sample of boys and girls increased curvilinearly across age whereas median for the 7 (without pisiform) carpal bones (Carpal scores) increased almost linearly. The 20-bone maturity scores demonstrated distinctive trends by gender: the medians for boys increased almost linearly while the medians for girls increased curvilinearly. SES diﬀerences were minimal. Only among children aged 10–11 years were high SES boys and girls advanced in skeletal maturity. Madeira adolescents were advanced in skeletal maturity compared with Belgian reference values. Conclusion: The data suggests population variation in TW2 estimates of skeletal maturation. Skeletal maturity was not related to SES in youths from Madeira.
Published: 2004

45. The European glaucoma prevention study design and baseline description of the participants

Author: Miglior, S, Zeyen, T, Pfeiffer, N, Cunha-Vaz, J, Linsen, Mc, Pellicci, L, Janssens, A, van der Veken, A, Nerinckx, F, Boeyden, V, Detry-Morel, M, Kestelijn, P, Van den Abeele, K, Jacobs, K, Decock, C, Goethals, M, Pourjavan, S, Maris, K, Kersten, I, Vogel, A, Herkel, U, Schwenn, O, Maser-Wahle, M, Funk, J, Schmidt, B, Akbariyeh, N, Burk, R, Thomsen, A, Grehn, F, Marquardt, D, Orzalesi, N, Rossetti, L, Ferrante, M, Mandelli, L, Marini, S, Bagno, S, Bertoni, G, Blini, M, De Molfetta, M, Bonomi, L, Morbio, R, Marraffa, M, Maraini, G, Gandolfi, S, Williams, S, Cimino, L, Dondi, P, Lumbroso, B, Manni, G, Cocco, F, Glorialanza, G, Villani, Cm, Pocobelli, A, Cesareo, M, Cupo, G, Neuschuler, R, Pernini, C, Catalani, R, Ribeiro, L, Faria, I, Pereira, Jm, Chingui, S, Duarte, L, Carvalheira, F, Baltar, A, Simao, A, Arede, J, Magalhaes, A, Abrantes, P, Reina, M, Silva, Jp, Romano, G, Silva, S, Torri, V, Poli, D, Nerviani, C, Tinazzi, A, Adamsons, I, Caprioli, J, Wormald, R, Hejil, A, Airaksinen, J, Michaelis, J, Floriani, I, Shedden, A, Gottfried, E, Hutzelmann, J, Rusk, C, Reines, S, Spector, R, Hombrey, J, Snyder, H, Gacos, J, Snapinn, S, Getson, A, Amos, J, Serruys, K, Malbecq, W, John, E, Chapman, J, Beck, J, Tessi, C, Rao, N, Bottari, Fp, D'Achille, R, Wilkins, A, Magerl, K, Bauer, C, Derouwaux, C, Cunha, M, Santana, R, Andrade, Lg, Bule, S, Melo, R, Baumont, H, Bonaventura, I, Miglior, S, Zeyen, T, Pfeiffer, N, Cunha Vaz, J, Torri, V, and Adamsons, I
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Intraocular pressure, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Glaucoma, Ocular hypertension, Thiophenes, Sulfonamide, law.invention, Visual Field Test, Randomized controlled trial, Dorzolamide, Double-Blind Method, Thiophene, law, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Dioptre, Antihypertensive Agents, Intraocular Pressure, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Sulfonamides, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Europe, Antihypertensive Agent, medicine.anatomical_structure, Research Design, Visual Field Tests, Female, Ocular Hypertension, sense organs, medicine.symptom, Safety, Visual Fields, business, Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Human, Optic disc, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives The European Glaucoma Prevention Study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), with dorzolamide to prevent or delay patients affected by ocular hypertension from developing primary open-angle glaucoma. Design Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Participants Patients (age > or =30 years) were enrolled from 18 European centers. The patients fulfilled a series of inclusion criteria including the measurements of IOP (22-29 mmHg), two normal and reliable visual fields (VFs) (on the basis of mean defect and corrected pattern standard deviation/corrected loss of variance of standard 30/II Humphrey or Octopus perimetry), and normal optic disc as determined by the Optic Disc Reading Center (vertical and horizontal cup-to-disc ratios; asymmetry between the two eyes Intervention Patients were randomized to the treatment with dorzolamide or a placebo. Main outcome measures End points are VF and/or optic disc changes. A VF change during the follow-up must be confirmed by two further positive tests. Optic disc change is defined by the agreement of two out of three independent observers evaluating optic disc stereo-slides. Results One thousand seventy-seven subjects were randomized between January 1, 1997 and May 31, 1999. The mean age was 57.03 +/- 10.3 years; 54.41% were women and 99.9% were Caucasian. Mean IOP was 23.6 +/- 1.6 mmHg in both eyes. Mean visual acuity was 0.97 +/- 0.11 in both eyes; mean refraction was 0.23 +/- 1.76 diopters in the right eye and 0.18 +/- 1.79 diopters in the left eye. Previous use of medication for ocular hypertension was reported by 38.4% of the patients, systemic hypertension by 28.1%, cardiovascular diseases by 12.9%, and diabetes mellitus by 4.7%. The qualifying VFs were normal and reliable according to protocol criteria. Conclusions The mean IOP of the patients enrolled in the European Glaucoma Prevention Study is consistent with the estimated mean IOP (within the range of 22-29 mmHg) found in a large sample of the European population. The European Glaucoma Prevention Study should be able to better address the clinical question of whether pharmacological reduction of IOP (by means of dorzolamide) in ocular hypertension patients at moderate risk for developing primary open-angle glaucoma effectively lowers the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma.
Published: 2002

46. Zygosity Differences in Height and Body Mass Index of Twins From Infancy to Old Age: A Study of the CODATwins Project

Author: Robert F. Krueger, Massimo Mangino, David A. Butler, Henning Beck-Nielsen, Christian Kandler, José Maia, Lindon J. Eaves, Tom A. McAdams, S. Alexandra Burt, Juan R. Ordoñana, Claire M. A. Haworth, Michael J. Lyons, Sarah E. Medland, Grant W. Montgomery, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Nicholas G. Martin, Thalia C. Eley, Per Tynelius, Finn Rasmussen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Margaret Gatz, Axel Skytthe, Corrado Fagnani, Xiaohu Ding, Cristina D'Ippolito, Michel Boivin, Yoon-Mi Hur, Duarte L. Freitas, Morten Sodemann, Esther Rebato, Robert F. Vlietinck, Ruth J. F. Loos, Ariel Knafo-Noam, Judy L. Silberg, Brooke M. Huibregtse, Juan F. Sánchez-Romera, Gombojav Bayasgalan, Jane Wardle, Lior Abramson, Aline Jelenkovic, Amie E. Hwang, Kelly Aujard, Zengchang Pang, Yoshie Yokoyama, Chika Honda, Clare H. Llewellyn, Fazil Aliev, Kauko Heikkilä, Qihua Tan, Sisira Siribaddana, Sevgi Y. Öncel, Kirsten Ohm Kyvik, Thomas Sevenius Nilsen, Morten Bjerregaard-Andersen, K. Paige Harden, Feng Ning, Bia Kim, Robin P. Corley, Joohon Sung, Ruth Krasnow, Sari Aaltonen, Fujio Inui, Shandell Pahlen, Yoshinori Iwatani, Jennifer R. Harris, Wendy Cozen, Changhee Hong, Tim D. Spector, Paul Lichtenstein, Laura A. Baker, Dongfeng Zhang, Mikio Watanabe, Dedra Buchwald, Andreas Busjahn, Fuling Ji, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, Gonneke Willemsen, Carol E. Franz, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Adam Domonkos Tarnoki, Tessa L. Cutler, Catherine Derom, Maria A. Stazi, Leonie H. Bogl, John L. Hopper, Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Genevieve Lachance, Mingguang He, Anna K. Dahl Aslan, Matthew Hotopf, Thomas M. Mack, David Mankuta, Matt McGue, Kerry L. Jang, Ingunn Brandt, Hermine H. Maes, Lise Dubois, Syuichi Ooki, Sarah Yang, HyunJung Shin, Danshiitsoodol Narandalai, Youngsook Chong, Nancy L. Pedersen, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Keith E. Whitfield, Robert Plomin, Karri Silventoinen, Kayoung Lee, Alice M. Gregory, Kazuo Hayakawa, Meike Bartels, Glen E. Duncan, Jeffrey M. Craig, Jack H. Goldberg, William S. Kremen, Yun-Mi Song, Athula Sumathipala, Kimberly J. Saudino, David Laszlo Tarnoki, Catherine Tuvblad, Jaakko Kaprio, Reijo Sund, Richard Saffery, Kelly L. Klump, Tracy L. Nelson, Abigail Fisher, Gary E. Swan, Kaare Christensen, Billy Heung Wing Chang, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), Centre for Social Data Science, CSDS, Clinicum, Department of Public Health, Jaakko Kaprio / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Sociology, Center for Population, Health and Society, Population Research Unit (PRU), Genetic Epidemiology, Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, and EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes
Subjects: Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Databases, Factual, POPULATION-BASED COHORT, ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, близнецовые исследования, Twins, Dizygotic, Medicine, Young adult, Child, Genetics (clinical), Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, twins, GENETIC-REGULATION, Middle Aged, TWINNING RATES, Child, Preschool, Female, MATERNAL HEIGHT, Cohort study, Adult, Adolescent, Birth weight, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, INSULIN-SECRETION, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, BMI, International database, ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY, zygosity differences, Humans, LATE ADOLESCENCE, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, YOUNG MALE TWINS, Infant, Twins, Monozygotic, Heritability, medicine.disease, BIRTH-WEIGHT, Obesity, Body Height, Zygosity, зиготность близнецов, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Linear Models, 3111 Biomedicine, business, Body mass index, Demography, height
Abstract: Loos, Ruth J F/0000-0002-8532-5087; Fagnani, Corrado/0000-0001-5771-7772; Busjahn, Andreas/0000-0001-9650-6919; Skytthe, Axel E/0000-0002-8629-4913; Craig, Jeffrey M/0000-0003-3979-7849; Knafo-Noam, Ariel/0000-0003-0613-1960; Kandler, Christian/0000-0002-9175-235X; Christensen, Kaare/0000-0002-5429-5292; Kaprio, Jaakko/0000-0002-3716-2455; Kyvik, Kirsten O/0000-0003-2981-0245; Siribaddana, Sisira/0000-0001-5821-2557; Montgomery, Grant W/0000-0002-4140-8139; Ordonana, Juan R./0000-0001-7779-6017; Colodro-Conde, Lucia/0000-0002-9004-364X; Huibregtse, Brooke M./0000-0003-0977-7249; ONCEL, Sevgi YURT/0000-0002-0990-292X; Duncan, Glen/0000-0001-6909-1869; Magnusson, Patrik/0000-0002-7315-7899; Heikkila, Kauko/0000-0002-9256-8028; mangino, massimo/0000-0002-2167-7470; Medland, Sarah E/0000-0003-1382-380X; Aliev, Fazil/0000-0001-8357-4699; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; ROMERA, JUAN FRANCISCO SANCHEZ/0000-0002-5405-6216; Sund, Reijo/0000-0002-6268-8117; D'Ippolito, Cristina/0000-0001-7902-9380; Haworth, Claire/0000-0002-8608-289X; Tan, Qihua/0000-0003-3194-0030; Bartels, Meike/0000-0002-9667-7555; Aaltonen, Sari/0000-0002-2873-4263; Sodemann, Morten/0000-0001-8992-2500; Rebato, Esther/0000-0003-1221-8501; van Beijsterveldt, Toos/0000-0002-6617-4201; McAdams, Tom/0000-0002-6825-3499; Llewellyn, Clare/0000-0002-0066-2827; Franz, Carol/0000-0002-8987-1755; Boivin, Michel/0000-0001-8621-9844; Hotopf, Matthew/0000-0002-3980-4466; Kremen, William/0000-0002-8629-5609; Plomin, Robert/0000-0002-0756-3629; Harden, Kathryn/0000-0002-1557-6737; Rasmussen, Finn/0000-0001-7915-7809; Willemsen, Gonneke/0000-0003-3755-0236; Derom, Catherine/0000-0001-5574-796X; Pahlen, Shandell/0000-0003-0753-4155; Silventoinen, Karri/0000-0003-1759-3079; Rijsdijk, Fruhling/0000-0003-4762-2803; Saffery, Richard/0000-0002-9510-4181 WOS: 000361660800008 PubMed: 26337138 A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes. National Institute of Mental HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH58354]; National Institute on AgingUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) [1RO1-AG13662-01A2]; National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R21 AG039572]; WT Grant Foundation; University of London Central Research fund; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G81/343, G120/635]; Economic and Social Research CouncilEconomic & Social Research Council (ESRC) [RES-000-22-2206]; Institute of Social Psychiatry [06/07-11]; Leverhulme Research FellowshipLeverhulme Trust [RF/2/RFG/2008/0145]; Goldsmiths, University of London; National Research Foundation of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-371-2011-1 B00047]; National Institute of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, R01 AG022982]; Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the US Department of Veterans AffairsUS Department of Veterans Affairs; Centre of Research Excellence from the National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [grant ID 1079102]; Michigan State University; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)United States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, R03-MH63851-01]; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01-HD066040]; MSU Foundation [11-SPG-2518]; California Tobacco-Related Disease Research ProgramUniversity of California System [7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, 6RT-0354H]; The National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [1R01ESO15150-01, R01 HD068435, R01 MH062375]; National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China [81125007]; Australian National Health and Medical Research CouncilNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [437015, 607358]; Bonnie Babes Foundation [BBF20704]; Financial Markets Foundation for Children [032-2007]; Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program; ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) [AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203]; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease GeneticsAcademy of Finland [213506, 129680]; Academy of FinlandAcademy of Finland [100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, 264146]; Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program; Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKUKirikkale University [2009/43]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114C117]; European Research Council (ERC)European Research Council (ERC) [240994]; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme ENGAGE ConsortiumEuropean Union (EU) [HEALTH-F4-2007- 201413]; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme BioSHaRE EUEuropean Union (EU) [HEALTH-F4-2010-261433]; Seneca FoundationFundacion Seneca; Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain [08633/PHCS/08, 15302/PHCS/10]; Ministry of Science and Innovation, SpainSpanish Government [PSI11560-2009]; UK Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245]; UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [31/D19086]; Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT] [POCI/DES/56834/2004]; Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust; European Community's Seventh Framework ProgrammeEuropean Union (EU); National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); MagW/ZonMW [904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192]; VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+); ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC-230374]; Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA); Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [C1418/A7974]; Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15H05105]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la CultureFQRNT; Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du QuebecFonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec; Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada; National Health Research Development Program; Canadian Institutes for Health ResearchCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center; Canada Research Chair ProgramCanada Research Chairs; [FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007]; [201413]; [NIH RC2 HL103416]; Cancer Research UKCancer Research UK [14133]; Medical Research CouncilMedical Research Council UK (MRC) [G0901245, G9817803B]; NNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchNovo Nordisk Foundation [Metabolic Genetics]; Novo Nordisk FondenNovo NordiskNovo Nordisk Foundation [NNF10CC1016515] This study was conducted within the CODATwins project (Academy of Finland #266592). Support for participating twin projects: The University of Southern California Twin Study is funded by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH58354). The Carolina African American Twin Study of Aging (CAATSA) was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Aging (grant 1RO1-AG13662-01A2) to K. E. Whitfield. The NAS-NRC Twin Registry acknowledges financial support from the National Institutes of Health (grant No. R21 AG039572). Waves 1-3 of Genesis 12-19 were funded by the WT Grant Foundation, the University of London Central Research fund, and a Medical Research Council Training Fellowship (G81/343) and Career Development Award (G120/635) to Thalia C. Eley. Wave 4 was supported by grants from the Economic and Social Research Council (RES-000-22-2206) and the Institute of Social Psychiatry (06/07-11) to Alice M. Gregory, who was also supported at that time by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship (RF/2/RFG/2008/0145). Wave 5 was supported by funding to Alice M. Gregory from Goldsmiths, University of London. Anthropometric measurements of the Hungarian twins were supported by Medexpert Ltd., Budapest, Hungary. South Korea Twin Registry is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-371-2011-1 B00047). Danish Twin Registry is supported by the National Program for Research Infrastructure 2007 from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, The Research Council for Health and Disease, the Velux Foundation, and the US National Institute of Health (P01 AG08761). Since its origin, the East Flanders Prospective Survey has been partly supported by grants from the Fund of Scientific Research, Flanders and Twins, a non-profit Association for Scientific Research in Multiple Births (Belgium). Korean Twin-Family Register was supported by the Global Research Network Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF 2011-220-E00006). Colorado Twin Registry is funded by NIDA center grant DA011015, and Longitudinal Twin Study HD10333. Author Brooke M. Huibregtse is supported by 5T32DA017637-10. Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging was supported by National Institute of Health grants NIA R01 AG018384, R01 AG018386, R01 AG022381, and R01 AG022982, and, in part, with resources of the VA San Diego Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health. The Cooperative Studies Program of the Office of Research & Development of the US Department of Veterans Affairs has provided financial support for the development and maintenance of the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIA/NIH, or VA. The Australian Twin Registry is supported by the Centre of Research Excellence (grant ID 1079102) from the National Health and Medical Research Council administered by the University of Melbourne. The Michigan State University Twin Registry has been supported by Michigan State University as well as grants R01-MH081813, R01-MH0820-54, R01-MH092377-02, R21-MH070542-01, and R03-MH63851-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), R01-HD066040 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and 11-SPG-2518 from the MSU Foundation. The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIMH, NICHD, or the National Institutes of Health.; California Twin Program was supported by The California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (7RT-0134H, 8RT-0107H, and 6RT-0354H) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01ESO15150-01). Guangzhou Twin Eye Study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant #81125007). PETS was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (grant Nos. 437015 and 607358 to Jeffrey M Craig, and Richard Saffery), the Bonnie Babes Foundation (grant No. BBF20704 to Jeffrey M. Craig), the Financial Markets Foundation for Children (grant No. 032-2007 to Jeffrey M. Craig), and by the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. Data collection and analyses in Finnish twin cohorts have been supported by ENGAGE-European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007, grant agreement No. 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose, the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grant Nos. 213506 and 129680), and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 265240, 263278, and 264146 to J Kaprio). K Silventoinen is supported by Osaka University's International Joint Research Promotion Program. S.Y. Oncel and F. Aliev are supported by Kirikkale University Research Grant: KKU, 2009/43 and TUBITAK grant 114C117. Longitudinal Israeli Study of Twins was funded by the Starting grant No. 240994 from the European Research Council (ERC) to Ariel Knafo. Data collection and research stemming from the Norwegian Twin Registry is supported, in part, by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programmes ENGAGE Consortium (grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007- 201413, and BioSHaRE EU (grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2010-261433). The Murcia Twin Registry is supported by the Seneca Foundation, Regional Agency for Science and Technology, Murcia, Spain (08633/PHCS/08 and 15302/PHCS/10) and Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (PSI11560-2009). The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is supported by a program grant (G0901245) from the UK Medical Research Council, and the work on obesity in TEDS is supported, in part, by a grant from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (31/D19086). Madeira data comes from the following project: Genetic and environmental influences on physical activity, fitness and health: the Madeira family study project reference: POCI/DES/56834/2004 founded by the Portuguese agency for research (The Foundation for Science and Technology [FCT]). The Boston University Twin Project is funded by grants (Nos. R01 HD068435 and R01 MH062375) from the National Institutes of Health to K. Saudino. TwinsUK was funded by the Wellcome Trust; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). The study also receives support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. University of Washington Twin Registry was supported by the grant NIH RC2 HL103416 (D. Buchwald, PI).; Netherlands Twin Register acknowledges the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and MagW/ZonMW grants 904-61-090, 985-10-002, 912-10-020, 904-61-193, 480-04-004, 463-06-001, 451-04-034, 400-05-717, Addiction-31160008, Middelgroot-911-09-032, Spinozapremie 56-464-14192, VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO+), the ERC (ERC-230374), and the Avera Institute, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA). Gemini was supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK (C1418/A7974). The West Japan Twins and Higher Order Multiple Births Registry was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant No. 15H05105) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The Quebec Newborn Twin Study acknowledges financial support from the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Societe et la Culture, the Fonds de la Recherche en Sante du Quebec, the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the National Health Research Development Program, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Sainte-Justine Hospital's Research Center, and the Canada Research Chair Program (Michel Boivin).

47. [Incontinentia pigmenti in 2 newborn infants]

Author: Ventura L, Silva I, Carreiro H, Maria Teresa Neto, Duarte L, Ferreira C, Pacheco A, and Amaral J
Subjects: Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Incontinentia Pigmenti, Pigmentation Disorders
Abstract: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a genodermatosis, which is of X-linked dominant transmission, uncommonly diagnosed in newborn babies. The skin lesions usually develop in 4 stages: inflammatory, hypertrophic, pigmentary and regressive. The authors report 2 cases of IP in female newborn babies who were previously treated for pyodermatitis.

48. Functional Fitness and Physical Activity of Portuguese Community-Residing Older Adults

Author: José Maia, Élvio R. Gouveia, Duarte L. Freitas, Gaston Beunen, Ercília M. Fena, and Cameron J. R. Blimkie
Subjects: Male, Gerontology, Aging, Functional training, Physical activity, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Motor Activity, Age and sex, Senior Fitness Test, Reference data, Residence Characteristics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Exercise, Aged, Portugal, Rehabilitation, Middle Aged, Physical activity level, language.human_language, Fitness test, Physical Fitness, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, language, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Portuguese, Psychology
Abstract: The purposes of this study were to generate functional-fitness norms for Portuguese older adults, to determine age and sex differences, and to analyze the physical activity–associated variation in functional fitness. The sample was composed of 802 older adults, 401 men and 401 women, age 60–79 yr. Functional fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test. Physical activity level was estimated via the Baecke questionnaire. The P50 values decreased from 60 to 64 to 75 to 79 yr of age. A significant main effect for age group was found in all functional-fitness tests. Men scored significantly better than women in the chair stand, 8-ft up-and-go, and 6-min walk. Women scored significantly better than men in chair sit-and-reach and back scratch. Active participants scored better in functional-fitness tests than their average and nonactive peers. This study showed a decline in functional fitness with age, better performance of men, and increased proficiency in active participants.

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