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Background: Information on the clinical characteristics and severity of autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in children is attracting more and more attention in the field of pediatric research. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, all cases (n = 67) were enrolled from a tertiary children's hospital, from 2017 to 2020. We compared severe cases that received intensive care unit (ICU) care with nonsevere cases that did not receive ICU care and used machine learning algorithm to predict the severity of children, as well as using immunologic and viral nucleic acid tests to identify possible pathogenic triggers. Results: Mean age of children was 8.29 (standard deviation 4.09) years, and 41 (61.19%) were girls. Eleven (16.42%) were admitted to the ICU, and 56 (83.58%) were admitted to neurology ward. Ten individual parameters were statistically significant differences between severe cases and nonsevere cases ( P

BackgroundThe incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing worldwide, and the appropriate choice of therapy regimens is important for children, especially in developing countries with inadequate resources.MethodsWe conducted a design combining meta-analysis and prospective cohort study. In meta-analysis, 14 studies involving 69,085 TID cases reported glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, including 48,363 multiple daily insulin injections therapy (MIT) and 20,722 continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). In our prospective cohort study, TID cases were recruited from a tertiary children’s hospital, and randomly divided into Group MIT and Group CSII. After the 4-year follow-up, the effects of MDI (n = 112) and CSII (n = 76) therapy on glycemic control, long-term complications, as well as the growth and pubertal development were explored.ResultsCompared to CSII in TID, HbA1c levels in MDI (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.23) were increased significantly in meta-analysis. Among 188 clinical cases, mean age at recruitment was 7.55 (SD 2.91) years. Duration of TID was 4.23 (SD 2.61) years. 50.53% (n = 95) of them were boys. The 4-year follow-up showed that children’s HbA1c was 0.67 (95% CI −1.28, −0.05) % lower in children with CSII compared to children with MDI in multivariable regression models with adjustment for potential confounders (children’s age at follow-up, duration of TID, gender, birthweight, parity, and delivery method). CSII was associated with 2.31 kg higher in children’s weight (95% CI 0.59, 4.04) in the adjusted model. No difference was found in peripheral nerve and fundus consequences as well as the status of obesity and thin and pubertal development between CSII and MIT.ConclusionCSII might be associated with better glycemic control and better effect for children growth development. No higher risks of long-term complications and delayed pubertal development were observed in CSII. Our findings provided evidence for a better therapy regimen for T1D in children, nevertheless, they need to be validated by a larger sample size study.

Background Due to the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, it is necessary to ascertain essential immune inflammatory parameters that describe the severity of the disease and provide guidance for treatment. We performed network meta-analyses to determine differences in blood cells, lymphocyte subsets, and cytokines in COVID-19 patients with different clinical stages. Methods Databases were systematically searched to May 2, 2020, and updated on June 1, 2020. Network meta-analyses were conducted via Stata 15.0, and the mean difference (MD) and its 95% CI were used as the effect values of the pooled analysis. Results Seventy-one studies were included involving 8647 COVID-19 patients, White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), IL-6, and IL-10 counts increased significantly with worsening of the COVID-19, while lymphocyte (LYM) counts decreased. The levels of platelet (PLT), CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ cells in severe and critical patients were significantly lower than those in mild patients. IL-1β count was significantly elevated in critical patients. Conclusions Immune suppression and inflammatory injury play crucial roles in the progression of COVID-19, and the identification of susceptible cells and cytokines provide guidance for the early and accurate treatment of COVID-19 patients.

ObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate associations between exposure to triclosan during pregnancy and maternal thyroid hormone levels.MethodThe databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify relevant studies on the relationship between prenatal exposure to triclosan and maternal levels of serum thyroid hormone published before October 22, 2019. Stata 12.0 was used to examine the heterogeneity among the eligible studies.ResultsSeven studies involving a total of 4,136 participants were included. Overall, descriptive analysis provided no indication that exposure to TCS during pregnancy was related to either maternal FT4 levels (ES = 0.01, 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.05, P = 0.00) or TSH levels (ES = −0.03, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.07, P = 0.412). Although the results were statistically insignificant, with the increase of urine TCS concentration, maternal FT4 levels exhibited a tendency to increase while TSH levels had a tendency to decrease during pregnancy.ConclusionThe results indicated that exposure to triclosan during pregnancy has no significant influence on maternal levels of thyroid hormone. On account of the inconsistency of existing research designs and study locations, further studies and replication are necessary to confirm these findings.

To find the correlation between exposure to PMA combination of computer and manual retrieval was used to search for keywords in PubMed (385 records), Cochrane Library (20 records), Web of Science (419 records) and Embase (325 records). Finally, ten epidemiological articles were considered in this meta-analysis. Stata 13.0 was used to examine the heterogeneity among the studies and to calculate the combined effect value (OR, odds ratio) by selecting the corresponding models. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were also performed.Meta-analysis indicated that there was an association between PMThere is a significant link between exposure to PM