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1. Immunogenicity and efficacy of heterologous ChAdOx1–BNT162b2 vaccination

Author

Vincent Legros, Thierry Walzer, Jacqueline Marvel, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Loïc Peyrot, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Nicolas Guibert, Véronique Barateau, Thierry Defrance, Bruno Pozzetto, Thibault Andrieu, Bruno Lina, Sophia Djebali, Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa, Solène Denolly, Martine Valette, François-Loïc Cosset, Antonin Bal, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery, Omran Allatif, Thomas Bourlet, Bertrand Boson, Marine Villard, Stéphane Paul, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR_T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], ANR-16-CE15-0002,MEMO-SIGN,IMPACT DE LA FORMULATION VACCINALE SUR LA COMPOSITION DES COMPARTMENTS LYMPHOCYTAIRES A MEMOIRE TFH ET B(2016), and ANR-21-COVR-0038,COVIDIgS,Comparaison du role des anticorps IgA/IgM systémique et muqueux dans la physiopathologie et la sévérité de la COVID-19(2021)

Subjects
Adult, Male, MALADIE, COVID19, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Priming (immunology), Heterologous, Hospitals, University, Memory T Cells, Memory B Cells, Immunity, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, SANTE, Humans, Medicine, BNT162 Vaccine, VIRAL INFECTION, Multidisciplinary, biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Incidence, Immunogenicity, Vaccination, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Regimen, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, France, Antibody, business, Immunologic Memory, RNA VACCINES, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Following severe adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine1,2, European health authorities have recommended that patients under the age of 55 who received one dose of ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine receive a second dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine as a booster. However, the effectiveness and the immunogenicity of this vaccination regimen have not been formally tested. Here, we show that the heterologous ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19/BNT162b2 combination confers better protection against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the homologous BNT162b2/BNT162b2 combination in a real-world observational study of healthcare workers (n=13121). To understand the underlying mechanism, we conducted a longitudinal survey of the anti-spike immunity conferred by each vaccine combination. Both combinations induced strong anti-spike antibody (Ab) responses but sera from heterologous vaccinated individuals displayed a stronger neutralizing activity, regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant. This enhanced neutralizing potential was correlated with increased frequencies of switched and activated memory B cells recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). The ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine induced a weaker IgG response but a stronger T cell response than the BNT162b2 vaccine after the priming dose, which could explain the complementarity of both vaccines when used in combination. The heterologous vaccination regimen could therefore be particularly suitable for immune compromised individuals.

Published
2021

2. Specific detection of memory T‐cells in COVID‐19 patients using standardized whole‐blood Interferon gammarelease assay

Author

Thierry Walzer, William Mouton, Sophie Trouiller-Assant, Christelle Compagnon, Sophia Djebali, Guy Oriol, Kahina Saker, Soizic Daniel, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Franck Berthier, Xavier Lacoux, Jacqueline Marvel, Margaux Prieux, Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery, Dulce Alfaiate, Daphné Laubreton, Nicolas Guibert, and Bruno Pozzetto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Specific detection, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Interferon gamma release assay, T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity, Stimulation, 030230 surgery, Biology, Lymphocyte Activation, immune memory, SARS‐CoV‐2, Serology, Cohort Studies, Interferon-gamma, Memory T Cells, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunity, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Whole Body Imaging, skin and connective tissue diseases, Letter to the Editor, interferon gamma release assay, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, Whole blood, Automation, Laboratory, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, COVID-19, Middle Aged, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, T‐cells response, 3. Good health, body regions, Female, Interferon-gamma Release Tests
Abstract

Antigen‐specific T‐cells are essential for protective immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2. We set up a semi‐automated whole‐blood Interferon‐gamma release assay (WB IGRA) to monitor the T‐cell response after stimulation with SARS‐CoV‐2 peptide pools. We report that the WB IGRA is complementary to serological assays to assess SARS‐CoV‐2 immunity.

Published
2021

3. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of symptomatic healthcare workers with suspected COVID-19: a prospective cohort study

Author

Nicolas Guibert, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Guy Oriol, M. Bouscambert, Florence Allantaz-Frager, Valérie Cheynet, Emilie Frobert, Pascal Poignard, Julien Lupo, Marlyse Buisson, Bruno Lina, Constance d’Aubarede, Alexandre Gaymard, Bruno Pozzetto, Antonin Bal, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Grégory Quéromès, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery, Florence Morfin, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR_T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, COVID19, health care facilities, manpower, and services, viruses, ADOLESCENT, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Young adult, Prospective cohort study, skin and connective tissue diseases, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Viral culture, virus diseases, Middle Aged, Viral Load, 3. Good health, COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing, Medicine, Female, Viral load, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), MALADIE, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Health Personnel, Science, 030106 microbiology, education, 80 AND OVER, Microbiology, Article, COVID-19 Serological Testing, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, ADULTE, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, business, SOCIOLOGIE, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

A comprehensive clinical and microbiological assessments of COVID-19 in front-line healthcare workers (HCWs) is needed. Between April 10th and May 28th, 2020, 319 HCWs with acute illness were reviewed. In addition to SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR screening, a multiplex molecular panel was used for testing other respiratory pathogens. For SARS-CoV-2 positive HCWs, the normalized viral load, viral culture, and virus neutralization assays were performed weekly. For SARS-CoV-2 negative HCWs, SARS-CoV-2 serological testing was performed one month after inclusion. Among the 319 HCWs included, 67 (21.0%) were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2; 65/67 (97.0%) developed mild form of COVID-19. Other respiratory pathogens were found in 6/66 (9.1%) SARS-CoV-2 positive and 47/241 (19.5%) SARS-Cov-2 negative HCWs (p = 0.07). The proportion of HCWs with a viral load > 5.0 log10 cp/mL (Ct value 37). More than 90% of cultivable virus had a viral load > 4.5 log10 cp/mL (Ct

Published
2021

4. Evaluation of High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays in a Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Mild COVID-19: Clinical Sensitivity, Specificity, and Association with Virus Neutralization Test

Author

Florence Morfin-Sherpa, Adèle Paul, Carole Langlois-Jacques, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Virginie Pitiot, Constance D’Aubarède-Frieh, Bruno Pozzetto, Nicolas Guibert, David Goncalves, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Nicole Fabien, François Gueyffier, Antonin Bal, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery, Bruno Lina, Muriel Rabilloud, Vanessa Escuret, and André Boibieux

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Health-care workers, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Concordance, 030106 microbiology, Clinical Biochemistry, Virus Neutralization, Antibodies, Viral, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, COVID-19 Serological Testing, Serology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Neutralization Tests, Humans, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Neutralizing antibody, Aged, Biochemistry, medical, biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), COVID-19, Virus neutralization, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, Titer, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, Serological assays
Abstract

Background The association between SARS-CoV-2 commercial serological assays and virus neutralization test (VNT) has been poorly explored in mild patients with COVID-19. Methods 439 serum specimens were longitudinally collected from 76 healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. The clinical sensitivity (determined weekly) of 9 commercial serological assays were evaluated. Clinical specificity was assessed using 69 pre-pandemic sera. Correlation, agreement, and concordance with the VNT were also assessed on a subset of 170 samples. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated at 2 neutralizing antibody titers. Results The Wantai Total Ab assay targeting the receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S protein presented the best sensitivity at different times during the course of disease. The clinical specificity was greater than 95% for all tests except for the Euroimmun IgA assay. The overall agreement with the presence of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 62.2% (95%CI; 56.0–68.1) for bioMérieux IgM to 91.2% (87.0–94.2) for Siemens. The lowest negative percent agreement (NPA) was found with the Wantai Total Ab assay (NPA 33% (21.1–48.3)). The NPA for other total Ab or IgG assays targeting the S or the RBD was 80.7% (66.7–89.7), 90.3% (78.1–96.1), and 96.8% (86.8–99.3) for Siemens, bioMérieux IgG, and DiaSorin, respectively. None of the commercial assays have sufficient performance to detect a neutralizing titer of 80 (AUC Conclusions Although some assays show a better agreement with VNT than others, the present findings emphasize that commercialized serological tests, including those targeting the RBD, cannot substitute a VNT for the assessment of functional antibody response.

Published
2021

5. Six-month antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers assessed by virus neutralization and commercial assays

Author

Fascia Pascal, Adnot Jérôme, Fontaine Juliette, Massardier-Pilonchéry Amélie, Boibieux André, Josset Laurence, Nicolas Guibert, Oria Fatima, Nazare Julie-Anne, Chiarello Pierre, Samperiz Audrey, Antonin Bal, Prudent Mélanie, Simon Chantal, Dulce Alfaiate, Fassier Jean-Baptiste, Florence Morfin-Sherpa, Constance d'Aubarede, Brunel-Dalmas Florence, Lahousse Matthieu, Pitiot Virginie, Trabaud Mary-Anne, Gaillot-Durand Lucie, Bal Antonin, Lina Bruno, Trouillet-Assant Sophie, Gueyffier François, Perry Marielle, Gillet Myriam, Adèle Paul, Jean-Baptiste Fassier, Valette Martine, Bourgeois Gaëlle, Lozano Hélène, Kahina Saker, Alfaiate Dulce, Morfin Florence, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Rabilloud Muriel, Schlienger Isabelle, Narbey David, Durupt François, Makhloufi Djamila, Bruno Pozzetto, Paul Adèle, Caire Eurydice, Bergeret Alain, Godinot Matthieu, Escuret Vanessa, Bonnet Florent, Moll Frédéric, Guibert Nicolas, Gaymard Alexandre, Cotte Laurent, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Muriel Rabilloud, Virginie Pitiot, Amélie Massardier-Pilonchery, Milon Marie-Paule, Charbotel Barbara, Carole Langlois-Jacques, Bruno Lina, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR_T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel, Université de Lyon, Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Service de médecine et santé au travail, hospices civils de Lyon, Laboratoire de virologie, Physiopathologie et biothérapies des infections muqueuses (GIMAP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Antibodies, Viral, Neutralization, MEDECINE, Health personnel, 0302 clinical medicine, SANTE, SARS-COV2, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Letter to the Editor, 0303 health sciences, biology, PERSONNEL DE SANTE, virus diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, University hospital, TRAVAIL, 3. Good health, Titer, Infectious Diseases, Female, Antibody, Serological assays, ANTICORPS, Adult, Microbiology (medical), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Health Personnel, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), education, GESTION DU PERSONNEL, Virus Neutralization, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Neutralization Tests, Seroprevalence, Humans, Healthcare workers, Virus neutralisation assay, 030304 developmental biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, Antibody response, biology.protein, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

We conducted a prospective study in healthcare workers (n=296) of the University Hospital of Lyon, France. Serum samples (n=296) collected six months after disease onset were tested using three commercial assays: the Wantai Ab assay detecting total antibodies against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein, the bioMerieux Vidas assay detecting IgG to the RBD and the Abbott Architect assay detecting IgG to the N protein. The neutralising antibody (NAb) titre was also determined for all samples with a virus neutralisation assay (VNA) using live virus. The positivity rate was 100% with the Wantai assay, 84.8% with the bioMerieux assay and 55.4% with the Abbott assay. Only 51% of HCWs were positive for the presence of NAb. Less than 10 % of HCWs had a NAb titre greater than 80. At a neutralising titre of 80, the area under the curves [IC 95%] was 0.71 [0.62-0.81], 0.75 [0.65-0.85] and 0.95 [0.92-0.97] for Wantai, Abbott and Vidas respectively. The data presented herein suggest that commercial assays detecting antibodies against the N protein must not be used in long-term seroprevalence surveys while the Wantai assay could be useful for this purpose. VNA should remain the gold standard to assess the protective antibody response, but some commercial assays could be used as first-line screening of long-term presence of NAb.

Published
2021

6. Strategy using a new antigenic test for rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in respiratory samples from children consulting at hospital

Author

E. Begaud, Cyrille H. Haddar, Aymeric Cantais, Johan Md Joly, Yves Germani, Paul O. Verhoeven, O. Mory, Florence Grattard, Bruno Pozzetto, and Anne Carricajo

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Male, Microbiological Techniques, Adolescent, PCR assay, lcsh:QR1-502, Rapid diagnostic test, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Pneumococcal Infections, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Respiratory infection, Streptococcus pneumoniae, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, 0303 health sciences, Antigens, Bacterial, 030306 microbiology, Polysaccharides, Bacterial, Bacterial pneumonia, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Prognosis, respiratory tract diseases, Vaccination, Pneumococcal infections, Early Diagnosis, Parasitology, Child, Preschool, Female, Research Article
Abstract

Background Despite vaccination programs, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains among the main microorganisms involved in bacterial pneumonia, notably in terms of severity. The prognosis of pneumococcal infections is conditioned in part by the precocity of the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) targeting cell wall polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae and performed directly in respiratory samples, on the strategy of diagnosis of respiratory pneumococcal infections in children. Results Upper-respiratory tract samples from 196 children consulting at hospital for respiratory infection were tested for detecting S. pneumoniae using a newly-designed RDT (PneumoResp, Biospeedia), a semi-quantitative culture and two PCR assays. If positive on fluidized undiluted specimen, the RDT was repeated on 1:100-diluted sample. The RDT was found highly specific when tested on non-S. pneumoniae strains. By comparison to culture and PCR assays, the RDT on undiluted secretions exhibited a sensitivity (Se) and negative predictive value (NPV) of more than 98%. By comparison to criteria of S. pneumoniae pneumonia combining typical symptoms, X-ray image, and culture ≥107 CFU/ml, the Se and NPV of RDT on diluted specimens were 100% in both cases. Conclusions In case of negative result, the excellent NPV of RDT on undiluted secretions allows excluding S. pneumoniae pneumonia. In case of positive result, the excellent sensitivity of RDT on diluted secretions for the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae pneumonia allows proposing a suitable antimicrobial treatment at day 0.

Published
2020

7. Impact of Host Immune Status on Discordant Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Circulating B Cell Frequencies and Antibody Levels

Author

Frédéric Coutant, Jean-Jacques Pin, Florence Morfin-Sherpa, Tristan Ferry, Stéphane Paul, Bruno Pozzetto, Myriam Normand, and Pierre Miossec

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, B-Lymphocytes, anti-SARS-CoV-2, B cell repertoire, QH301-705.5, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, COVID-19, Comorbidity, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Severity of Illness Index, Article, Chemistry, Antibody Formation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Female, human monoclonal antibody, Biology (General), QD1-999, Aged
Abstract

Individuals with pre-existing chronic systemic low-grade inflammation are prone to develop severe COVID-19 and stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses. Whether this phenomenon reflects a differential expansion of antiviral B cells or a failure to regulate antibody synthesis remains unknown. Here, we compared the antiviral B cell repertoire of convalescent healthcare personnel to that of hospitalized patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Out of 277,500 immortalized B cell clones, antiviral B cell frequencies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence screening on SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Surprisingly, frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 specific clones from the two groups were not statistically different, despite higher antibody levels in hospitalized patients. Moreover, functional analyses revealed that several B cell clones from healthcare personnel with low antibody levels had neutralizing properties. This study reveals for the first time a key qualitative defect of antibody synthesis in severe patients and calls for caution regarding estimated protective immunity based only on circulating antiviral antibodies.

Published
2021

8. SARS-CoV-2 infection: advocacy for training and social distancing in healthcare settings

Author

C. Pelissier, Julie Gagnaire, Sylvie Pillet, Philippe Berthelot, Bruno Pozzetto, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health Personnel, health care facilities, manpower, and services, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, education, social distance, 030501 epidemiology, Article, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, healthcare worker, prevention, Risk Factors, Occupational Exposure, Health care, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Pandemics, Preventive healthcare, 0303 health sciences, training, SARS-CoV-2, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Social distance, COVID-19, virus diseases, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Psychological Distance, Family medicine, Healthcare settings, Female, Preventive Medicine, Coronavirus Infections, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

This article reports the observed rate of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in healthcare workers (HCWs) who worked on wards dedicated to care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with HCWs who worked on non-COVID-19 wards. The infection rate was significantly higher among HCWs who worked on non-COVID-19 wards (odds ratio 2.3, P=0.005), illustrating the need to strengthen social distancing measures and training.

Published
2020

9. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 2017–2018

Author

Gilda Grard, Paul O. Verhoeven, Sylvie Pillet, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Claire Bretagne, M. Guerbois-Galla, Sylvie Gonzalo, Alexandra Mailles, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Aurélie Velay, Bruno Pozzetto, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Saint-Etienne, Virology Laboratory, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Saint-Etienne, Interaction virus-hôte et maladies du foie, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), and BUISINE, Soline

Subjects
Male, tickborne encephalitis, Epidemiology, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, TBE, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, tickborne encephalitis virus, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Lyme borreliosis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 2017–2018, tick-borne encephalitis, Dispatch, 3. Good health, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne, Encephalitis, Microbiology (medical), tick-borne encephalitis virus, 030231 tropical medicine, Tbe virus, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, emergence, Serologic Tests, viruses, lcsh:RC109-216, Aged, Ixodes, lcsh:R, Tick-borne encephalitis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology
Abstract

Three autochthonous cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) acquired in rural areas of France where Lyme borreliosis, but not TBE, is endemic highlight the emergence of TBE in new areas. For patients with neurologic involvement who have been in regions where Ixodes ticks circulate, clinicians should test for TBE virus and other tickborne viruses.

Published
2019

10. Interplay of nasal and rectal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care unit patients

Author

Nicolas Maillard, Christophe Mariat, Philippe Berthelot, Patricia Martin-Simoes, Cyrille H. Haddar, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Frédéric Laurent, Julie Gagnaire, Nathalie Fonsale, Anne Carricajo, Florence Grattard, Bruno Pozzetto, Fabrice Zeni, Jérôme Morel, and Paul O. Verhoeven

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Critical Illness, 030106 microbiology, Rectum, Staphylococcal infections, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Nose, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Incidence, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Molecular Typing, Intensive Care Units, Nasal Mucosa, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, medicine.anatomical_structure, Carrier State, Female, business
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nasal and rectal Staphylococcus aureus carriage in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and the occurrence of ICU-acquired infections related to S. aureus carriage. Three hundred and ninety-five patients admitted in ICU were screened for S. aureus nasal and rectal carriages and followed to record S. aureus infections during their stay. S. aureus strains were genotyped by arbitrarily primed PCR, spa-typing, microarray and whole genome sequencing. At ICU admission, 112 of 363 (30.9%) patients carried S. aureus including 61 (16.8%) exclusive nasal carriers, 40 (11.0%) combined nasal and rectal carriers and 11 (3.0%) exclusive rectal carriers. The 152 S. aureus isolates from nasal and rectal swabs belonged to 19 clonal complexes (CCs). Patients colonized in both nose and rectum harboured different strains in at least 40% of cases according to arbitrarily primed PCR data. Nasal carriers of CC5 S. aureus had an increased risk of rectal carriage (RR = 1.85, P

Published
2019

11. Impact of bedside diagnosis of influenza in the paediatric emergency ward

Author

A. Giraud, A. Plat, A. Bourmaud, O. Mory, Aymeric Cantais, M. Costille, Bruno Pozzetto, Sylvie Pillet, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Health Service and Performance Research (HESPER), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, Cost-Benefit Analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Hospitals, University, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nasopharynx, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Antimicrobial stewardship, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical prescription, Child, Prospective cohort study, Immunoassay, medicine.diagnostic_test, Lumbar puncture, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Becton dickinson, Infant, General Medicine, Antimicrobial, 3. Good health, Influenza B virus, Infectious Diseases, Influenza A virus, Point-of-Care Testing, Child, Preschool, Emergency medicine, Etiology, Female, Emergency Service, Hospital, business
Abstract

Objectives This prospective study performed in the paediatric emergency department of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne aimed to measure the impact of the 24/7 bedside use of the Veritor™ System (Becton Dickinson) on the reduction of supplementary investigations, hospital stay and antimicrobial use. Methods Influenza virus A and B antigens were detected with a rapid influenza digital immunoassay (DIA) on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) sampled from the children consulting at the paediatric emergency department between January and March 2016 for influenza-like illness. The same NPA was tested by immunofluorescence and/or molecular routine assays. Before performing the DIA, the clinician filled in a questionnaire listing the tests that he/she would have prescribed in the absence of the rapid testing. The prescription of complementary investigations, antimicrobial treatments and hospital stay were also compared to those of the 3 previous years. Results A total of 514 children with flu-like symptoms were included. The use of the DIA at bedside decreased the prescription of blood puncture by 47.9% (21.2% to 6.6%), of chest X-rays by 69.0% (33.3% to 10.3%), of lumbar puncture by 77.8% (7.0% to 1.6%), of urine culture by 79.2% (23.3% to 4.9%), of antibiotic treatments by 70.1% (16.9% to 5.1%), and of hospital stay by 25.0% (27.2% to 20.4%), resulting in a reduction of medical costs estimated to more than €69 000 in a season. Conclusions In addition to delivering a rapid aetiological diagnosis, this strategy saves medical costs and favours an antimicrobial stewardship strategy. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Published
2019

12. Recurrence or Relapse of COVID‐19 in Older Patients: A Description of Three Cases

Author

Bruno Pozzetto, Cédric Annweiler, Etienne Ojardias, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Sylvain Grange, Ludovic Lafaie, Thomas Celarier, and Luc Goethals

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, recurrence, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), viruses, Antiviral Agents, SARS‐CoV‐2, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fatal Outcome, Older patients, COVID‐19, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Brief Report, virus diseases, COVID-19, Anti-Bacterial Agents, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Clinical Practice, 030104 developmental biology, Radiological weapon, Brief Reports, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Background COVID-19 has infected millions of people worldwide, particularly in older adults. The first cases of possible reinfection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported in April 2020 among older adults. Design/setting In this brief report, we present three geriatric cases with two episodes of SARS-CoV-2 infection separated by a symptom-free interval. Participants The participants of this brief report are three cases of hospitalized geriatric women. Measurements/results We note clinical and biological worsening during the second episode of COVID-19 for all three patients. Also, there is a radiological aggravation. The second episode of COVID-19 was fatal in all three cases. Conclusion This series of three geriatric cases with COVID-19 diagnosed two times apart for several weeks questions the possibility of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. It raises questions in clinical practice about the value of testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection again in the event of symptomatic reoccurrence. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2179-2183, 2020.

Published
2020

13. CAPRISA 018: a phase I/II clinical trial study protocol to assess the safety, acceptability, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a sustained-release tenofovir alafenamide subdermal implant for HIV prevention in women

Author

Tanuja Narayansamy Gengiah, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Ishana Harkoo, Leila Mansoor, Nonhlanhla Yende Zuma, Precious Radebe, Natasha Samsunder, Cheryl Baxter, B Maharaj, Marc M Baum, John A Moss, Bruno Pozzetto, Catherine Hankins, and Salim Abdool Karim

Subjects
clinical trials, Alanine, Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic, Anti-HIV Agents, public health, HIV & AIDS, HIV Infections, General Medicine, preventive medicine, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Delayed-Action Preparations, HIV/AIDS, Humans, Medicine, Female, Tenofovir
Abstract

IntroductionYoung African women bear a disproportionately high risk for HIV acquisition. HIV technologies that empower women to protect themselves are needed. Safe, potent antiretroviral agents such as tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), formulated as long-acting subdermal implants, offer an innovative solution.Methods and analysisCAPRISA 018 is a phase I/II trial to evaluate the safety, acceptability, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of a TAF free base subdermal silicone implant containing 110 mg of TAF with an anticipated 0.25 mg/day release rate.The phase I trial (n=60) will assess the safety of one implant inserted in six participants (Group 1), followed by dose escalation components (Groups 2 and 3) assessing the safety, tolerability and PK of one to four TAF 110 mg implants releasing between 0.25 mg and 1 mg daily in 54 healthy women at low risk for HIV infection. Data from this phase I trial will be used to determine the dosing, implant location and implant replacement interval for the phase II trial.The phase II component (Group 4) will assess extended safety, PK, tolerability and acceptability of the implant in 490 at risk women, randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the TAF implant and placebo tablet or to the placebo implant and an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis tablet. Safety will be assessed by calculating the percentage change in creatinine clearance from baseline at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 72, 96 and 120, compared with the percentage change in the control group.Ethics and disseminationThe South African Health Products Regulatory Authority and the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Biomedical Research Ethics Committee have approved the trial. Results will be disseminated through open access peer reviewed publications, conference presentations, public stakeholder engagement and upload of data into the clinical trials registry.Trial registration numberPACTR201809520959443.

Published
2022

14. Case report: Recurrent peripheral facial paralysis following two influenza vaccinations in 2009 and 2016

Author

Bruno Pozzetto, Pierre Bertholon, Sylvain Poulteau, Marie-Noëlle Beyens, and Xavier Gocko

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Facial Paralysis, 030231 tropical medicine, Influenza vaccinations, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Influenza, Human, Pharmacovigilance, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Adverse effect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, Semiology, Infectious Diseases, Peripheral Facial Paralysis, Influenza Vaccines, Etiology, Molecular Medicine, Female, business, Medical literature
Abstract

A 57-year-old female experienced two successive peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) episodes following influenza immunization in 2009 and 2016 with two different vaccines. The similarity of chronology and semiology between the two events and the absence of alternative etiology plead for intrinsic accountability. Extrinsic accountability relies on previous case reports of PFP related to flu vaccination (26 cases in the French pharmacovigilance database and 4 cases in the medical literature).

Published
2019

15. Prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM and IgG antibodies in Tunisian patients presenting with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author

Salma Messous, Semir Nouira, Mohamed Habib Grissa, M. Mastouri, Bruno Pozzetto, and Imen Trabelsi

Subjects
Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Tunisia, Exacerbation, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin G, Serology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pneumonia, Mycoplasma, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chlamydophila Infections, Aged, COPD, biology, business.industry, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Bacterial, respiratory tract diseases, Infectious Diseases, Immunoglobulin M, 030228 respiratory system, Immunology, Disease Progression, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business
Abstract

Objective We aimed to assess the prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae acute infections, using serological testing, in patients admitted to the emergency department for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We performed a prospective observational study of 100 consecutive patients. Serum specimens were collected at day 0 and day 15. C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae antibodies (IgM and IgG) were tested by commercial ELISA and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Results We did not observe any acute M. pneumoniae infection; however, 11 patients (11%) showed a profile compatible with a recent C. pneumoniae infection (nine patients with specific IgM and two with an IgG antibody rise) . Demographic and clinical parameters did not differ between patients with and without biological profile of recent C. pneumoniae infection. Conclusion C. pneumoniae is a pathogen that requires specific antimicrobial treatment. Its detection must always be performed considering its prevalence in patients presenting with acute COPD exacerbations.

Published
2017

16. Analytical performances of the BD Veritor™ System for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus and influenzaviruses A and B when used at bedside in the pediatric emergency department

Author

Bruno Pozzetto, Aymeric Cantais, Aurélie Plat, O. Mory, Antoine Giraud, Sylvie Pillet, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pediatric emergency, Influenzavirus A, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Influenzavirus B, Concordance, Point-of-Care Systems, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Biology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Chromatography, Affinity, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Internal medicine, Nasopharynx, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, Respiratory system, Child, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Gold standard (test), University hospital, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Bronchiolitis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct, Child, Preschool, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Female, Emergency Service, Hospital
Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the analytical performance of the BD Veritor™ rapid diagnostic assays (RDTs) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenzaviruses when performed 24/7 at bedside by nurses in the pediatric emergency department (PED). The study was performed between 14/10/2015 and 19/03/2016 on nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected from children consulting at the PED of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne for bronchiolitis (RSV detection) or flu-like syndrome (influenzaviruses A/B detection). NPAs were tested 24/7 at the PED with the RDT and then sent to the Infectious Agents Department for routine analyses, first by immunofluorescence assay (IFA), then by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) considered as the gold standard in case of discrepancy between RDT and IFA results. For RSV detection, 205 NPAs was analyzed; the overall concordance between RDT and routine assays was of 97.6% (200/205). The sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were of 97.6% (160/164), 97.6% (40/41), 90.9% (40/44) and 99.4% (160/161), respectively. A total of 419 NPA was tested for influenzaviruses. For influenzavirus A, the overall concordance was of 98.8% (414/419); Se, Sp, NPV and PPV were of 100% (41/41), 98.7% (373/378), 100% (373/373) and 89.1% (41/46), respectively. For influenzavirus B, the overall concordance was of 97.9% (410/419); Se, Sp, NPV and PPV were of 96.6% (172/178), 98.8% (238/241), 97.5% (238/244) and 98.3% (172/175), respectively. Due to their excellent performances and their easy handle by non-laboratory personnel, these RDTs can be warmly recommended as point of care assays at the PED.

Published
2019

17. Human herpesvirus 6 infection after autologous stem cell transplantation: A multicenter prospective study in adult patients

Author

Christel Regagnon, Véronique Bousser, Vanessa Escuret, Mathieu Oriol, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Jérôme Cornillon, Fabien Tinquaut, Emmanuelle Tavernier, Bruno Pozzetto, Gilles Salles, Audrey Mirand, Karine Augeul-Meunier, Cécile Moluçon-Chabrot, Denis Guyotat, Sylvie Pillet, Victoria Cacheux, Marie Balsat, Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias (CHELTER), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, Herpesvirus 6, Human, 030106 microbiology, Roseolovirus Infections, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Neutropenia, Gastroenterology, Transplantation, Autologous, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Autologous stem-cell transplantation, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cumulative incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, biology, business.industry, Incidence, virus diseases, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Middle Aged, Viral Load, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, DNA, Viral, Human herpesvirus 6, Female, Stem cell, business, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract

to prospectively evaluate the incidence and the clinical relevance on hematopoietic reconstitution of HHV-6 infection in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) recipients.HHV-6 DNA load was measured in whole blood specimens once during the 7 days before stem cell re-infusion and once a week after transplantation until hematopoietic recovery. Active HHV-6 infection was defined by 2 consecutive positive DNA loads.from July 2012 to February 2015, 196 adult patients undergoing ASCT were enrolled. Twenty-two (11.2%) patients developed active HHV-6 infection with a cumulative incidence of 19% at 40 days after transplantation. The onset of active HHV-6 infection occurred with a median of 13 days after stem cell re-infusion. HHV-6 infection was associated with an increased frequency of non-infectious complications (OR = 5.05; 95%CI 1.78-14.32; P 0.001). Moreover, the severity of these non-infectious complications was higher in recipients exhibiting HHV-6 infection (OR = 4.62; 95%CI 1.32-16.2; p 0.01). Delayed neutrophils 10 (IQR: 8-14) vs 8 (IQR: 6-11) days and platelets recoveries 15 (IQR: 11.8-18.5) vs 8 (IQR: 4-14) days were observed in patients with active HHV-6 infection compared to non-infected ones.in this study, 11.2% ASCT recipients presented active HHV-6 infection associated with significantly delayed hematologic reconstitution.

Published
2019

18. Properties of donated red blood cell components from patients with hereditary hemochromatosis

Author

Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Nadia Boutahar, Vincent Bost, Marie Ange Eyraud, Charles Antoine Arthaud, Martine Vignal, Sandrine Laradi, Bruno Pozzetto, Olivier Garraud, Sophie Acquart, Fabrice Cognasse, Christine Aubrège, Pierre Tiberghien, and Caroline Sut

Subjects
Adult, Male, Erythrocytes, Time Factors, Immunology, Blood Donors, Phosphatidylserines, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hemolysis, Proinflammatory cytokine, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Hemochromatosis, Whole blood, business.industry, hemic and immune systems, Hematology, Phosphatidylserine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, In vitro, Red blood cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Blood Preservation, Hereditary hemochromatosis, Female, Erythrocyte Transfusion, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) contain large amounts of iron, and periodic therapeutic phlebotomy is thus the main treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). However, the donation of therapeutic phlebotomy products from asymptomatic patients for transfusion purposes remains controversial. In this study, we compared the quality of RBCs obtained from HH patients with those of non-HH RBCs, within the allowed 42-day storage period. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBCs were obtained from HH patient donors and random regular blood donors by whole blood collection. RBCs were stored for up to 42 days, according to national regulations and standard blood bank conditions in France. The following variables were assessed: hematologic and biochemical results, RBC membrane and soluble inflammatory markers, and the proinflammatory potential of HH RBC supernatant toward endothelial cells in an in vitro model. RESULTS There were no major differences between the two groups in terms of biophysical, biochemical, or soluble immunomodulatory factors. However, we observed small but significant differences in changes in RBC membrane proteins during storage, including increased phosphatidylserine expression and decreased hemolysis in HH compared with normal RBCs. However, there were no differences in terms of bioactivity of soluble immunomodulatory factors in the RBC supernatant during storage between HH and control donors, as determined by their effects on endothelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These in vitro studies suggest that RBCs from HH patients appear, while exhibiting subtle differences, to be suitable for transfusion purposes according to currently accepted criteria.

Published
2016

19. Impact of HIV-1 primary drug resistance on the efficacy of a first-line antiretroviral regimen in the blood of newly diagnosed individuals in Bamako, Mali

Author

Sylvie Pillet, Youssouf Sereme, Fodié Diallo, Abdelaye Keita, Thomas Bourlet, Souleymane Coulibaly, Bruno Pozzetto, and Tenin Aoua Thiero

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, First line, 030106 microbiology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Mutation, Missense, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Newly diagnosed, medicine.disease_cause, Mali, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Genotyping, Pharmacology, business.industry, Mortality rate, Middle Aged, Viral Load, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Retroviral Agents, HIV-1, Female, business, Viral load, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background To achieve the 90-90-90 targets assigned by UNAIDS, it is crucial to monitor ART in HIV-1-infected patients, especially in resource-limited countries. Objectives To evaluate the immunovirological response after 12 months of ART in newly HIV-1-diagnosed people in Bamako, Mali; to determine primary and acquired resistance rates to antiretroviral drugs; and to evaluate the impact of primary resistance on the efficacy of ART. Patients and methods One hundred and nineteen HIV-1-infected people (88.2% women; median age 34 years) were enrolled between January and June 2014. HIV-1 RNA loads (Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay) were tested in the blood before and at months 3, 6 and 12 after initiation of ART. Primary and acquired resistances to ART were evaluated by the Viroseq™ HIV-1 genotyping assay. Results During the study, 8.4% of people died and 37% were lost to follow-up. After 1 year of ART, an undetectable HIV-1 RNA viral load was found in 87.7% of cases. The overall rate of primary drug resistance mutations was 17.5% (3.2%, 15.9% and 0% for NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs, respectively). These mutations were not associated with either higher mortality rates or larger numbers of virological failures. The acquired resistance rate was estimated at 3.1%. Conclusions Our study showed a high primary resistance level and a huge proportion of people non-adherent to the treatment programme. Reassuringly, almost 90% virological success and a low level of acquired mutations were observed in adherent people at month 12. Reinforced education, regular virological monitoring and early HIV-1 diagnosis may help to improve retention in the care system.

Published
2018

20. Epidemiology and microbiological investigations of community-acquired pneumonia in children admitted at the emergency department of a university hospital

Author

Paul O. Verhoeven, O. Mory, Hugues Patural, Sylvie Pillet, Julie Bonneau, Aymeric Cantais, and Bruno Pozzetto

Subjects
Male, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Viral pneumonia, viruses, Pneumonia, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Hospitals, University, Human metapneumovirus, Community-acquired pneumonia, Virology, Pneumonia, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Children, Retrospective Studies, biology, business.industry, Community-acquired-pneumonia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, PCR, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Child, Preschool, Coinfection, Enterovirus, Female, France, Rhinovirus, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract

Highlights • Systematic antimicrobials are recommended in community-acquired pneumonia of child. • A large panel of bacteria and viruses was detected in 85 children exhibiting CAP. • More than 60% of children with CAP exhibited an exclusive viral infection. • A co-infection with at least 2 viruses was observed in >40% of the children. • Data suggest that the use of antimicrobials in child's CAP should be revisited., Background The management of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is largely influenced by the development of new molecular diagnostic tests that allow the simultaneous detection of a wide range of pathogens. Objectives Evaluation of a diagnostic approach including multiplex PCR assays for revisiting the epidemiology and etiology of CAP in children at hospital. Study design Children of all ages consulting at the Emergency Department of the University hospital of Saint-Etienne, France, during the 2012–2013 winter period were included. In addition to bacterial cultures, the following pathogens were detected using biplex commercially-available rt-PCR tests: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, coronavirus, influenza viruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumonia. Results From 85 patients with CAP, at least one pathogen was identified in 81 cases (95.3%), including 4 bacterial exclusive infections (4.7%), 53 viral exclusive infections (62.4%) and 24 mixed infections (28.2%). Coinfection by at least two viruses was observed in 37 cases (43.5%). Mean age was higher in the case of documented bacterial infection (P

Published
2014

21. Hospital-acquired infections documented by repeated annual prevalence surveys over 15 years

Author

Frédéric Lucht, R. Spiga, Florence Grattard, Christophe Mariat, Fabien Subtil, Pascal Fascia, Christian Auboyer, Bruno Pozzetto, and Philippe Berthelot

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Time Factors, Adolescent, 030501 epidemiology, Hospitals, University, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Hospital-acquired infection, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, business.industry, virus diseases, Infant, Middle Aged, University hospital, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Drug Utilization, Antimicrobial drug, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Preschool, Emergency medicine, Prevalence studies, Female, France, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract

Objective To estimate the benefits of iterative prevalence surveys in detecting trends of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Methods On the basis of the French protocol for national prevalence studies, HAI data of 15 consecutive annual surveys performed at the same period by the same group of investigators was gathered in a single database to describe the trend of HAIs in a University Hospital over a 15-year period. Results A total of 20,401 patients were included. Overall, the prevalence of patients presenting with at least one HAI acquired in our University Hospital was 5.1% [95% CI, 4.8–5.4%]. The prevalence of HAIs and antimicrobial drug use significantly decreased over time (P Conclusion Despite limitations, repeated prevalence surveys can be a useful tool for promoting control measures to better prevent HAIs.

Published
2016

22. Quantification of cytomegalovirus viral load

Author

Bruno Pozzetto, Christophe Mariat, Sylvie Pillet, Xavier Roblin, and Jérôme Cornillon

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Pp65 antigenemia, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Cytomegalovirus, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Herpesviridae, law.invention, Viral Matrix Proteins, Immunocompromised Host, Fetus, Viral genetics, Pregnancy, law, Virology, Leukocytes, medicine, Humans, Antigens, Viral, Infant, Newborn, virus diseases, Fibroblasts, Viral Load, Phosphoproteins, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Cytomegalovirus Infections, DNA, Viral, Immunology, Female, Viral load
Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is worldwide distributed. After the primary infection, CMV induces a latent infection with possible reactivation(s). It is responsible for severe to life-threatening diseases in immunocompromised patients and in foetuses and newborns of infected mothers. For monitoring CMV load, classical techniques based on rapid culture or pp65 antigenemia are progressively replaced by quantitative nuclear acid tests (QNAT), easier to implement and standardize. A large variety of QNAT are available from laboratory-developed assays to fully-automated commercial tests. The indications of CMV quantification include CMV infection during pregnancy and in newborns, and viral surveillance of grafted and non-grafted immunocompromised patients, patients with bowel inflammatory diseases and those hospitalised in intensive care unit. A close cooperation between virologists and clinicians is essential for optimizing the benefit of CMV DNA monitoring.

Published
2013

23. Comparison of SPF10 real-time PCR and conventional PCR in combination with the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra assay for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus in cervical samples

Author

Johannes Bogers, Bruno Pozzetto, Thomas Bourlet, M.I. Micalessi, Gaëlle Boulet, Sylvie Pillet, and J. Jacquet

Subjects
Hpv genotyping, Inno lipa, Papillomavirus Infections, Pcr assay, Cervix Uteri, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virology, Molecular biology, Chemistry, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Genotype, Humans, Female, Human medicine, Typing, Human papillomavirus, Engineering sciences. Technology, Papillomaviridae, Genotyping
Abstract

The novel SPF10 real-time PCR assay allows the simultaneous amplification and detection of the HPV target. That way, LiPA analysis of the HPV-negative samples can be avoided, reducing workload and cost. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the SPF10 real-time PCR in combination with the LiPA assay for HPV detection and typing in cervical samples. Thirty-nine cervical samples were subjected to the SPF10 conventional PCR in combination with the LiPA assay. Subsequently, the SPF10 real-time PCR was performed to enable the comparison between the SPF10 conventional and the real-time PCR results. In case of discrepancy, the samples were subjected to the CLAR(R) HPV2 assay. As a result, 27 out of 39 samples were identified as HPV-positive by the SPF10 real-time PCR and were genotyped further by the LiPA assay. Twenty samples (74.1%) showed an absolute agreement between the conventional and real-time SPF10 PCR (concordant), three (11.1%) displayed additional or fewer types (compatible), two (7.4%) did not show any similarity between both assays (discordant) and the remaining two (7.4%) were LiPA-negative. The two assays showed an excellent strength of agreement for individual (k = 0.932) and multiple genotype detection (k = 0.834). In conclusion, the two SPF10 PCR methods are comparable. Therefore, the SPF10 real-time PCR with subsequent LiPA could be used for the detection and genotyping of HPV in cervical samples. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

24. Reduction of the use of antimicrobial drugs following the rapid detection ofStreptococcus agalactiaein the vagina at delivery by real-time PCR assay

Author

Forges F, Seffert P, Poncelet-Jasserand E, A. Ros, Bruno Pozzetto, Siani C, Varlet Mn, and Céline Chauleur

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Population, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Drug Administration Schedule, Streptococcus agalactiae, Anti-Infective Agents, Pregnancy, Sepsis, Streptococcal Infections, Internal medicine, Humans, Mass Screening, Medicine, Meningitis, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, education, Gynecology, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pneumonia, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Vagina, Gestation, Female, France, business
Abstract

Objective To assess whether the determination of the presence of group B streptococci (GBS) in the vagina using a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay at delivery was able to spare useless antimicrobial treatments, as compared with conventional culture at 34–38 weeks of gestation. Design Practical evaluation and prospective cost-effectiveness analysis. Setting A university hospital in France. Population A cohort of 225 women in labour at the University-Hospital of Saint-Etienne. Methods Each woman had a conventional culture performed at 34–38 weeks of gestation. At the beginning of labour, two vaginal swabs were sampled for rapid PCR testing and culture. The decision to prescribe a prophylactic antimicrobial treatment or not was taken according to the result of the PCR test. A comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of the two diagnostic strategies was carried out. Main outcome measures Number of women receiving inadequate prophylactic antimicrobial drugs following each testing strategy, costs of PCR testing and culture, frequency of vaginal GBS, and diagnostic performance of the PCR test at delivery. Results The percentage of unnecessarily treated women was significantly reduced using the rapid test versus conventional culture (4.5 and 13.6%, respectively; P

Published
2013

25. Clinical features and prognostic factors of listeriosis: the MONALISA national prospective cohort study

Author

Odile Fremin-Batteux, Juliette Clarissou-Philippe, Benoît Jauhlac, Severine Guyetand, Jacques Gasnault, Corinne Haioun, Liamine Aissaoui, Marie-Christine Pages, Marie-Pierre Fos, Christian Rose, Didier Hubert, Marie-Rose Rothe, N. Bouziges, Benoît Huc, François Devianne, Sabine Bidart, Anne Forest, Kevin Bertrand, Mohamed Eldeghedy, Annick Verhaeghe, Caroline Malderet, Anne Bertrou, Bernard Guerquin, Catherine Duche, Muriel Archambaud, Rabea Cotteret, Olivier Toullalan, Yves Devaux, Smail Bergheul, Valérie Sivadon-Tardy, Pierre-Gilles Merville, Geneviève Blanchard-Marche, Didier Raoult, Bernard Hory, Florence Richardin, Evelyne Belle, Mohamed Menouar, K Guitteaud, Mohamad Mohty, Ambroise Montcriol, Max Laurin, Aurélia Picard, Jean-Paul Mira, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Richard Bonnet, Michel Wolff, Sébastien Maillez, Jeanne Maugein, Véronique Leblond, Nicola Walid, Bernard Gauche, Mathieu Evillard, Hassen Jeddi, Anne Bourlet, Isabelle Grawey, Thierry Jault, Sandrine Hiret, Valerie Gaborieau, Véronique Boin-Gay, An Kim, Thierry Constans, Jean-François Gaide, Martine Giraud, Eric Meaudre Desgouttes, Alain Fur, Abdallah Maakaroun, Olivier Matray, Bertrand Maubert, Frédérique Péchinot, Aurelie Garbi, Claire Delbrouck, Benoît Grandclerc, Vincent Cadiergue, Hervé Lécuyer, Bernadette Grignon, Thierry Bensaid, Nicole Constantin, Yannick Chevalier, Hassène Rahmani, Thierry Levent, Joelle Desliers, Florence Van de Velde, Xavier Adhoute, Clara Andriau, Christophe Charasse, Rémi Vatan, Benoît Martha, Alain Lecis, Didier Albert, Romain Jacobs, Hélène Lefranc, Christian Martin, Nasseur Rezgui, Bertrand Pigeon, Catherine Le Henaff, Dominique Cassignard, Françoise Cotes, Eric Pujade Lauraine, Jean-François Gattault, Nicole Ferreira-Maident, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, Hélène Garrec, Olivier Darchen, Carole Schwebel, Marie-Christine Bezian, Patrick Daoud, Tsouria Becaid, Simone Laluque, David Broche, Christine Boisselier, Pascale Martres, Sarah Hammami, Brigitte Olivier, Jean-Marie Nkunzimana, Eric Monlun, Isabelle Marterl-Lafay, Marion Carboni, Marie-Françoise Mattei, Sandrine Castelin, Isabelle Barillot, Marie-Noelle Cufi, Thomas Kaiser, Catherine Herry, Pascal Hutin, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Bernard Branger, Pierre Thomas, Elie Zagdoun, Anne Goquelin, Ziad Assaf, Ingrid Croquet, Bruno Pozzetto, Thomas Similowski, Anne-Isabelle Briere, Marie-Thérèse Albertini, Mariam Blaka, Christelle Tassot, Anne Gaschet, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Antoine Pujol, Philippe Colombat, Edouard Devaud, Hana Talabani-Boizot, François Barière, Anne-Marie Cordier, Philippe Gueudet, Georges Simon, Anne-Sophie Lipovac, Françoise Bandaly, Anne Beauplet-Lepage, Sylvie Prince, Charlotte Jouzel, Jean-Luc Deboutin, Patrick Zavadil, Louis Puybasset, Marie-Cécile Petit, Loïc Guillevin, Kamel Touati, Christophe Ntalu Nkato, Sylvie Carette, Jacques Vaucel, Chantal Delasalle, Marine Gross Goupil, Laurent Gutmann, Christiane Payen, Annick Barboteau, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Christophe Legendre, Philippe Roulier, Elie Azria, Ibrahim Farah, Isabelle Rouquette-Vincent, Anne-Sophie Erena-Penet, Philippe Labadie, Eric Josien, Aicha Derragui, Mathieu Legrand, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Jean-Marc Nabholtz, Marie-Joelle Demarcq, Olivier Garosi, Michel Deiber, Fabrice Chaix, Bertrand Souweine, Anne Collignon, Gisèle Renard, Mickael Jego, Gilles Bernardin, Anne Allart, Jocelyn Barrier, Marc Vasse, Philippe Ménager, Marc Wurmser, Abderkader Ouazir, Olivier Gontieron, Yvon Berland, Sébastien Trouiller, David Leysenne, Christophe Ozanon, Fanny Autret, Tahar Saghi, Loïc Dopeux, Sophie Benoit-Coustou, T. Fraisse, Christine Maillard, Karine Nikodijevic, Georges Kaltenbach, Angéline Jamet, Philippe Aucher, Julie Bottero, Marie-Claude Piffaut, Marianne Besnard, Florence Courillon, Marie Bonfils, Christine Ghevaert, Marie Destors, Eliette Jeanmaire, Franck Zerbib, Manuel-Luis Gameiro, T Prazuck, Laurent Mandin, Olivier Guisset, Marguerite Fines, Toufik Feddal, Agnès Jouffret, Louis Mesnard, Thomas Bourrée, Hasinrina Razafimahefa, Sylvestre Tigaud, Vincent Estève, Philippe Malherbe, Jean-Michel Salord, Pascal Adam, Bertrand Rozec, Michel Fuillet, Olivier Lemenand, Denis Quinsat, Ana Danalaché, Véronique Vialette, François Brosset, Patrick Messner Pellenc, Nicolas Heisel, Edouard Girard, Régine Martin, Olivier Garesslin, Catherine Mille, Alexandre Gascon, Marc Nicolino, Laurence Mouly, Claire Fabre, Bénédicte Ponceau, Marie-Etiennette Emeriau, Pascal Cathebras, Bérangère Bernardaud, Michèle Pérouse de Montclos, O. Arsene, Karine Grenet, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Sten De Witte, Anne Scemla, Laurence Bouillet, Christophe Burucoa, Vincent Loffeier, Séverine Visentin, Luc Desfrere, Miloud Arabi, Frédérique Costa, Sylvie Lechat, Ali Chekroun, Raymond Ruimy, Marie, Jérôme Bizet, Xavier Nassif, Baihas Dib, Patrick Bert-Marcaz, Laurent Martin Lefèvre, Nicholas Sedillot, Blandine Cattier, Emilie Boidin, Daniel Sondag, Aude Bourrouillou, Alain Noirot, Franck Desemerie, Fréderic Heluwaert, Catherine Tamalet, Marc G. Berger, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, Dominique Perotin, Abdelkader Bemrah, Alain Lozniewski, Bernard Borstein, Hanna Eid, Diana Suatean, Virginie Mignaut, Jean-Claude N'guyen, Valérie Le Goff, Laurent Teillet, Christophe Rolland, Gwenaël Alfonsi, Florence Lachenal, Philippe Bossi, Yves Botreau, Florence Doucet Populaire, Henry Jardel, Nicolas Gallo, Elias Jabre-Sikias, Michel Dupon, Hélène Brihier, Isabelle Patry, Alexandre Leclercq, Bernadette Tourrand, Christophe Roussel, Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz, Bénédicte Paindaveine, Simon Elhadad, Richard Sanchez, Eric Sgro, Pierre Berger, Valérie Murbach, Anne Holstein, Florence Martin, Taoufik Merabet, Amélie Benbara, Milagros Ferreyra, Laure Esposito, Pierre Delobel, Antoine Andremont, Marc Bourlière, Carole-Anne Boudy, Jean-Baptiste Gaulthier, Laurent Tacchini, Olivier Marpeau, Sonia Tesseydre, Marie-Pierre Coulhon, Nathalie Hodee, Marie-Chrsitine Conroy, Pierre Weinbreck, Roland Leclercq, Laurent Souply, Christian Bidault, Annie Elbez, Marie-Annick Lebreton, Patrick Brisou, Agnès Ferroni, Jean-Louis Pourriat, Nadia Anguel, Christian Noel, Philippe Jouvencel, Eric Pichard, Xavier Martin, Mathieu Coste, Pierre Zuber, Catherine Neuwirth, Jean-Pierre Hacot, Paul Aye, Jérôme Guinard, Yves Pean, Jean-Christophe Dengo, Fabrice Petassou, Didier Viole, Thierry Messiaen, Jean Beytout, Philippe Petitjean, Ferdinand Savare, Patrice Cuvillier, Sophie Coignard, Hélène Anglaret, Nassim Kamar, Elisabeth Chachaty, Karine Guimard, Louis Braem, Hacene Fezoui, Pierre Martin, Jean-Paul Viard, Claire Larroche, Nicolai Claudiu-Plesa, Thierry Benoit-Cattin, Olivier Moquet, Thierry Pasdeloup, David Rosay, Rodolphe Jean, Jean-Bernard Mariette, Marc Debouverie, Hervé Peltier, Mustapha Terki, Jacques Daleas, Valérie Dattin-Dorrière, Michel Vergnaud, Emmanuel Grimprel, Sylvène Rosselli, Jean-Marc Didier, Pierre Faurie, Luc Frimat, Aziza Mandjee, Sabine Etchemendy, Pierre Tissières, Jean Nakhleh, Sylvie Mariette, Christian Perronne, Bruno Carbonne, Nathalie Houssiaux-Maisonneuve, Tristan Ferry, S Beague, Anthony Sebban, Marie-Thérèse Hili, Jean-Michel De Kermadec, Lucien Brasme, Gilles Blaison, Caroline Garandeau, Jean-Pierre Sollet, Laurent Tronchon, Thierry Samson, Julien Gesquière, Nicolas Ettahar, Alain Créange, Etienne Laurens, Véronique Equy, Fréderic Bart, Bernard Bouffandeau, Christine Vaillant, Valerie Pesque, Jean-Marc Lalot, Marc Levy, Michel Kaidomar, Mihaela Saplacan, Sterenn Yvenou, Marie-Isabelle Steibach, Emmanuelle Cambau, Agnès Riche, François Fourrier, François Raffi, Mélissa Lalu, Henri Bérard, Danielle Clave, Jean-Claude Mouries, Martine Porcheron, Jean Cabalion, Richard Lamarca, Nathalie Canu, Jean-Baptiste Roseau, Annabelle Stoclin, Luca Luminitan Elena Lupean, Rémi Gebeile, Celia Salanoubat, Carole Marmouset, Pierre Bigot, Anne-Laure Breton, Pierre Kalfon, Colette Vincent, Sophie Marty, Olivier Tandonnet, Alexis Redor, Xavier Valette, Ourida Aoudia, Jacques-Arnaud Seyrig, Bertrand Beaune, Hugues Aumaitre, Georges Pinon, Yann Leveneur, Sylvie Charachon, Raoul Herbrecht, Henriette de Valk, Gary David, Julien Pouyanne, Marc Dommergues, Majed Al Chaar, Véronique Blanc-Amrane, Pascale Guillarmé Grossmann, Bruno Abraham, Yves Morel, Philippe Suel, Denis Sautereau, Olivier Guilloy, Tu Anh Tran, Frédéric Laurent, Zahir Amoura, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Zoubida Elharie-Heraux, Joyce Sibony-Prat, Bernard Guillois, Dominique Rohmer-Heitz, Audrey Barrelet, Jérémie Courouble, Jean-Paul Herry, Daniel Vittecoq, Annie Vermesch-Langlin, Jean Auroux, Claude Aubert, Thierry Harvey, Ghislaine Lamoine-Gimet, J. Riahi, Florence Soraudeau, Bachar Al-Jalaby, Caroline Périsson, Khélifa Ayouz, Florence Cardot, François Maillet, Alain Goux, Théophile Magna, Bertille de Barbeyrac, Adrien May, Dominique Andreotti, Olivier Jonquet, Hélène Dumouchel, Didier Thibaud, Philippe Morlat, Pascal Chevalet, Pascal Ancelin, Guy Chambreuil, Cécile Le Boterff, Anne Ceriez, Olivier Detante, B Pangon, Claude C.A. Bernard, Vincent Cailleaux Pierre-Etienne Cailleux, Jordi Miatello, Pierre-Yves le Berruyer, Sylvain Kouaho, Michel Briaud, Hélène Delaby, Patrick Herbecq, Christine Segonds, Véronique Jault, Pascale Brunel, Christine Dussopt, Jean Thore, Jean-Marc Thouret, Jean-Marc Kerleau, François Le Baron, Slavius Matica, Sophie Leautez-Nainville, Matthieu Pecquet, Laurent Bret, Yacine Sedjelmaci, Pierre Metton, Habiboulaye Diallo, Jany Rey Zermati, Arnaud Delahaye, Hélène Chaussade, Laurent Mandelbrot, Emilie Bessede, Olivier Casanovas, Paul Pierrot, Annick Legras, Dominique Lauque, Hélène Gatti, Jean Catineau, Ebutu Likose, Gilles Capellier, Eric Kibbrecht, Freddy Thibaut, Patrick Valadier, Chantal Lemble, Joël Gaudelus, Joelle Mellier, Joëlle Brochen, Emmanuel Gascou, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Stéphanie Bannier, Bruno Fantin, Didier Raffenot, Valérie Revel, Hakim Amroun, Huguette Negrery, Anne-Laure Fauchais, Paul Mercury, Michel Chuzeville, Christian Zumbo, Nicolas Després, Pascal Roblot, Jérôme Pasche, Jean Claude Boufetteau, Jocelyne Caillon, Julien Boileau, V. Rabier, Benjamin Manéglier, Emilie Jourdes, Franck Ceppa, Christine Recule, Nicolas Degand, Benoît Henry, Thierry Baranger, Dominique Pateron, Agnès Pélaquier, Gérard Bouchet, Hélène Fiette, Ozel Guiden, Dana Ranta, Etienne Ruppé, Nabil Chiouk, Jacques Breuil, Dominique Leduc, Véronique Loustaud, Hervé Métenier, Michel Durand, Isabelle Mahé, Leila Karaoui, Marie-José Collus, Mehran Monchi, Olivier Belmonte, Romain Blondet, Jacques Thierry, Karine Humbert, Gilles Salama, Marie-Noelle Heurtaux, Cécile Goujard, Bruno Sivery, Martial Boisseau, Redouane Dahoumane, Pierre Delour, Christian Niels Meyer, Anne Faudon-Gibelin, Gérard Poulain, Roger-Charles Luciani, J.-C. Souquet, Olivier Grossi, François Vandenesch, Sylvain Mermont, Jacques Bronner, Sonia Dahan, Paul Marzouk, Pascal Pouedras, Noureddine Djafari, François-Xavier Caroli-Bosc, Jean-François Dessin, Brigitte Gruffat, Armelle Morin-Fatome, Sylvie Thoinet, Bano Konate, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Claire Poyart, Patrick Plessis, Olivier Millet, Vincent Cattoir, Françoise Geffroy, Manica Vasseur, Pierre Carli, Isabelle Citony, Christian Richard, Nicolas Sigur, Patrick Marthelet, Luwawu Mbimba, Pierre Feugier, Philippe Sauder, Hama Djerad, Evelyne Bourgerette, Hanen Chahtour, Adrien Lemaignen, Dominique Bechade, Patrick Ochocki, Antoine Vieillard Baron, Dominique Astruc, Marie-Pierre Moiton, Nicolas Dubois, Sylvie Ledru, Corinne Seknazi, Hélène Poupet, Jean-Philippe Brieux, Gérard Barthélémy, Aihem Yehia, Louis-Jean Couderc, Ahmed, Françoise Rigaux, Yohann N'guyen, Philippe Bethery, Damien Corberand, Etienne Auvray, Paul-Louis Woerther, Christian Combe, Sophie Delesalle, Jean-Marie Piala, Faraj Al Freijat, Philippe Juvin, Malcolm Lemyze, Hyacine Rey, Claire Larible, Noel Milpied, Lémia Zgarni, Julia Gaillard, Agnès Juven, Paola Otean, Adrien Melis, André Pechinot, Olivier Bouchaud, Olivier Chassin, Pierre Hausfater, Asma Trabelsi-Jnifen, Vincent Grobost, Didier Lemery, Pierre Soury, Françoise Brevet, Jacques Tankovic, Dominique Sansot, Jean Louis Salomon, Charlotte Cordonnier, Brigitte Lamy, Antoine Maisonneuve, Dominique Pressac, Claude Rémy, Rodolphe Sobesky, Stéphanie Cognet, Pierre Cougoul, Didier Jan, Dominique Perrotin, Cécile Hombrouk-Alet, Thierry André, Gilbert Pochmalicki, Serge Girard, Vincent Zerr, Guillaume Cadiot, Claudine Lasbasses, Michel Slama, Abderrazak El Yamani, Sophie Brovedani, Jean Armengaud, Romain Hernu, Géraldine Mascade, Aurélien Lorléa'ch, Ali Akkari, Mathieu Tourdjman, Christopher Payan, Eric Jullian, Nathalie Fonsale, Frédéric Riehl, Paul Strock, Geneviève Grise, Philippe Mottaz, Christian Floriot, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Denis Caillot, Arnaud Chalvon-Demersay, Catherine Branger, Stanislas Bruley des Varannes, Marc Paccalin, Marie-Pierre Danjean, Alexandre Mebazaa, Xavier Brunet, Roland De Varax, Laurence Delhoustal, Sophie Haro, Bruno Chabanon-Pouget, Isabelle Goidin, Dominique Chudersky, Corinne Costes, Delphine Chatellier, Maud Gelez, Damien Dassant, Pascal Joly, Jean-Michel Arnal, Zakaria Hamitou, Philippe Rondepierre, Carole Pignon, Valérie Crombe, Amanda Lopes, Chrystelle Kemenar, Olivia Raulin, Anne-Cécile Hochart, Sandrine Gérart Pons, Valérie Zeller, Guillermo Reyes Ortega, Mathilde Guérin, Audrey Migraine Bouvagnet, Florence Eboue, Isabelle Loury-Lariviere, Sophie Leotard, Suzanne Lima, Marie Kassis, Jean-Luc Donay, Jean-Pierre Audié, Guillaume Cartron, Arnaud Ribier, Fanny Buron, Mirela Tuca, Marius Semenescu, Arnaud Serre, Vincent Quentin, Denise Bouyssou-Destriau, Violaine Bresson, Christine Chandesris Joséphine Chapalain-Cagnon, Eric Cua, Henri Courtade, François Bénézit, Sébastien Lamache, Philippe Bonnefoy, Francis Schneider, Richard Monarchi, Adeline Schendel, Paramasiven Mootien, Ghislaine Gardes, Pierre-François Westeel, Jean-François Magny, François Caron, Jocelyn Michon, Didier Eyer, Isabelle Ronda, Pierre-Yves Robillard, Frédéric Renou, Anna Faucher, Jean-Robert Harlé, Anne Debernardi, Grégory Akerman, Benoît Fontenel, Pierre Hourdebaigt-Larrusse, Marie-Noëlle Adam, Aude Lessene, Abdelkader Hrichi, François Blot, Athéna Le Pierres, Romain Lemarie, Françoise Granier, Véronique Tardy, Marc Gatfosse, Pierre-Marie Roger, François Goupil, Saïd Aberrane, Franck Bernardi, Isabelle Plantier, Nathalie Funakoshi, Jean-Gilles Delecalle, Patricia Barbut, Jacques Reynes, Christophe Roy, Sophie Perreve, Michel Garre, David Ribes, Cyrille Ede, Jean-Claude Dausset, Francis Duchene, Jean Caussin, Michelle Becker-Schneider, Gilles Berthelot, Damien Dupont, Jean-Michel Gillot, Aurélie Messager, Jean-Marie Pannecouck, Jean-Christian Roussel, Alain Reynaud, Sylvie Cariou, Anne Dao, François Guillemot, Martin Martinot, Patrick Casali, Anne-Sophie Poirier, Aissa Kerchache, Necera Sakek, Eric Porthault, Christophe Decoene, Chantal Ache-Papillon, Brigitte Bicais, Jean-Claude Feugier, Thierry Masseron, Charles Marty-Ane, Daniele Goldgran Toledano, Jean-Christophe Dubus, Damien du Cheyron, Dominique Decré, Jean-Loup Pennaforte, Ahmed Tigaizin, Bernard Vache, Eric Oswald, Claire Moulinoux, Anne-Christine Jaouen, Caroline Charlier, Anne-Laure Virlouvet, Ali Kara, Jean-Luc Sicsic, Sylvie Goffart, Mathieu Zuber, Claudine Fèbre, Olivier Lortholary, Mathieu Dupont, Annie Vessieres, Thierry Helvadjian, Thomas Signouret, Cedric Daupin, Sandrine Essouri, Jean-Louis Jacob, Pascal Boileau, Caroline Blazejewski, Quentin Lepiller, Juan-Pablo Maureira, Eddy Lebas, Christophe Deschamps, Amévi Ananivi, Clovis Foguem, Daniel Adoue, Abdourahim Chamouine, Alain Michault, Bruno Guérin, Olivier Baud, Clara Vinci, Thierry Weitten, Jean-Marc Eychene, Marie Froidure, Julien Obiols, Patricia Roussellier, Marc Lecuit, André Cabié, Saskia Foucart, Karim Belhadj, Michel Cingotti, Bruno Dumoulard, Jean Puyhardy, Etienne Danquechin Dorval, Lucile Mendes-Martin, Enrique Casalino, Luc Jarrige, Fabien Lambiotte, Philippe Masson, Mohammed Mansouria, Pierre Thouvenot, Katy Jeannot, Martine Nyunga, Valérie Macci, Florent Masia, Claire Briere de la Hosseraye, Wassila Anteur, André Sommabère, Marie-Claude Germain, Isabelle Arnault, Bernard Carbonelle, Philippe Devos, Daniel Protar, Tiphaine Gaillart, Ludovic Lassel, Laurence Hamou-Plotkine, David Trystram, Thierry Bureau, Olivier Collard, Fanny Vuotto, Sophie Malhiere, Frederique Canis, Gillles Plainfosse, Catherine Lechiche, Bertrand Lassere, Martine Chouraqui, Jean Baptiste Michot, Fethi Radhouane-Khanjari, Carole Barbier, Pascal Bonitchi, Abdelaziz Benkhelil, Odile Salmon, Laurent Damaj Gandhi, Bertrand Minguet, Michel Wagner, Odile Falguières, Zahr-Eddine Ali Chaouche, Eric Zaoui, Isabelle Guichard, Bernard Huttin, Apollinaire Karirisi, Gaël Cinquetti, Christophe Plane, Lionel Rostaing, Yanne Henry-Andrieu, Daniel Re, Virginie Verrier, Pascal Bolot, Michel De Biasi, Laurence Vrigneaud, Mathilde Turpin, Marie-Claude Demachy, Etienne Roussel, Michèle Blancs, Olivier Join-Lambert, Yves Ville, Thierry Granger, Gilles Hilbert, Virginie Medeau, Daniel Villers, Benoit Pilmis, François Gouraud, Emmanuel Ardiet, Catherine Heyraud-Blanchet, Alain Devidas, Hélène Dieye, Julie Cremniter, Jean-François Bergmann, Rozenn Le Berre, Virginie Leguen, Daniel Royer, Gilles Le Maout, Christian Harou, Sylvie Gabriel-Soléan, Yves Regouby, Martine Pestel-Caron, Patrick Brunet, David Boutoille, Emmanuelle Bonnin, Patrice Coulon, Marc Sullice, Marianne Barbieux, Gilles Cambonie, Joëlle Tricoire, Marie-Nadège Bachelier, Delphine Briend, Céline Ramanantsoa, Nathalie Bednarek, Didier Lebreton, Julien Lagrandeur, Damien M'Bey, Philippe Audeguy, Elie Saliba, Lena Damaj, Hassan Fallouh, Pascal Couturier, Fabrice Prévost, Yves Domart, Marie-Odile Lafforgue, Anne Le Du, C. Beuscart, Pierre Guillet, Fabrice Larrazet, Marie-Hélène Hausermann, Henri Robert, Nicolas Fanjaud, François Goehringer, Thomas Bachelot Philippe Badia, Jean-Michel Coulaud, Cristel Fissore Magdelein, Renaud Defebvre, Anne-Sohie Moreau, Johan Courjon, Gilles Salles, Michel Mialon, Silvia Iacobelli, Emmanuelle Bille, Marie-Christine Barbier, Yves Aubard, Patrice Badila, Jean-Philippe Rasigade, Alban Deroux, Evelyne Lecaillon-Thibon, Michel Godin, Abdelmajid Djeffal, Viorica Badurescu, Meriem Canitrot, Pierre Blanchard, Antoine Legros, Laurence Got, Françoise Duluc, Mylène M. Maury, Gilles Dassieu, Nordine Khodeir, Jean-Marie Duez, Mathieu Morincomme, Jérôme Lacroix, Mathieu Revest, Koffi Blewoussi, Isabelle Barazer, Françoise Poitevin, Camille Seignovert, Stéphanie Honore Bouakline, Anne Heidt, Brigitte Malbruny, Julien Desblache, Christian Cattoen, Eric Jaunait, Bruno Chaminade, Claude Bazin, Jonathan Chelly, Anne Pottier, Alain Schmitt, Alain Tissot, Karim Dadoun, P. Rebattu, Claudine Contamin, Arnaud Guerard, Nathalie Ravet, Sandrine Khalifa-Thellier, Marlène Chatron, Gaëlle Dörr, Hélène Biessy, Emmanuel Forestier, Bruno Devaux, Jean-Jacques Grelaud, Xavier Tchenio, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Jérémie Violette, Michèle Burdin, Lionel Falchero, Dominique Jacomy, Jean-Christophe Rozé, Damien Labarriere, Stéphane Leroux, Corinne Meregnani, Assia Ferhat Carre, Paul Orode, Jean-Gabriel Paul, Catherine Godon, Agnès Vinay, Régine Barraduc, Dominique Dallay, Alexandre Ampère, Anne-Gaelle Kervegant, Guillaume Louart, Dominique Beal Ardisson, Francoise Leonetti, Jean-Yves Baril, Stéphanie Haiat, Bincy Darre, Jérôme Bay, Yvan Gauthier, Sylvie Radenne, Pierre-Yves Gueugniaud, Philippe Ravaud, Luc Landraud, Guillaume Ranchon, Loïc Chimot, Véronique Duval, Ilhem Agha-Mir, Sabine Camiade, Estelle Wafo, Jean-Patrick Laporte, Mariam Roncato-Saberane, Camille Bron, Patrice Laudat, Samir Kennouche, Nawel Afroukh, Dominique Neri, Hakim Kherouf, Yoar Hichri, Pierre-Edouard Bollaert, Gwenaelle Vary, Denis Castaing, Christine Lefort, Sébastien Rouget, René Robert, Christelle Guillet-Caruba, Catherine Simonin, Alain Vighetto, Severine Cabasson, Alain Brusset, Alexandra Doloy, Christel Cherlet, Ahmed Rouidi, Marina Salvucci, Réginald Pordes, René-Gilles Patrigeon, Emmanuelle Dupre-Narlet, Jacques Minet, Fethi Taleb, Anne-Marie Colingorski, Tahar Hadou, Sylvain Diamantis, Isabelle Glorieux, Thierry May, Jean-Claude Colombani, Anne Berth-Farges, Nicole Desplaces, Renaud de Tayrac, Elisabeth Walter, Fabienne Lorge, Pascal Reboul, Nathalie Dournon, Laurence Estépa, Marie-Lina Toubia, Mathilde Flahault, Thierry Delacour, Dominique Hurel, Hélinoro Andriamaneo, Cécile Bébéar, Denis Grasset, Miloud Serier, Oléna Orléva, Nadine Dubroca, Hervé Gentilhomme, Jean-Luc Baudel, Isabelle Lavenu, Salim Smati, Carlo Saroufim, Eric Placidi, Albert Sotto, Benoît Libeau, Hélène Leroy, François Golfier, Christophe Dollon, Laurence Desnoulez, Eric Barre, Daniel Cohen, Pascal Priollet, Thierry Marsepoil, Benoît Lionnet, Jacques Tebib, Pascale Penn, Antoine Bouissou, Christian Roth, Olivier Martinet, Anna Schmitt, Nathalie Fruleux, Fouzia Radaoui, Jean-Marc Lessinger, Virginie Morando, Jean-Jacques Maillet, Christophe Fruchart, François Boué, François Goffinet, Franck Lellouche, Martin Demarchi, Alain Geissler, Jean-Charles Picaud, David Assouline, Patricia Brazille, Philippe Guimier, Marie-Françoise Dabysing, Bruno Delpeuch, Vanessa Tran, Guy Gengembre, Delphine Deligne, Dominique Vodovar, Yvan Touze, Sabrina Parent, Anne Decoster, Camille Dewitte, Emmanuel Weiss, Thierry Lambert, Thomas Guimard, Vincent Caille, Claude Guérin, Françoise Evreux, Geneviève Barjon, Basile Ondze, Damien Fournier, Olivia Bandin, Sophie Mignart, Henri Demontclos, Didier Perez, Jacques Croize, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Guenièvre Imbert, Clarisse Dupin, Khalid Ridah, Marie-Christine Varin, Guillaume Arlet, Edith De Clareuil, Marie-Line Eustache, Patricia Le Pimpec, Louise Fortin, Eugène Ngami, Fabrice Mihout, Cecilia Esnault, Vincent Bouden, Véronique Annaix, Yves Poinsignon, Aurélien Lorchleac'h, Jean-Marc Degreff, Marie Garofano, Renaud Mesnage, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Alain Chevailler, Stéphane Hominal, Thierry Charbonnier, Adrianna Bildea, Fabien Fily, Benjamin Davido, Emmanuel Rassiat, Assi Assi, Stéphanie Brunet, Hervé Jacquier, Catherine Claise, Annie Durand, Yannick Monceau, Pierre Blanc, Jean-Marie Sire, Yves Sucin, Jean-Pierre Zarski, Nathalie Bronet, Ingrid Lafon, Philippe Rey, Jacques Markarian, Eric Sennevile, Olivier Wink, Guilène Barnaud, Anne-Sophie Peultier, Sabine Taylor, Rim Savatier, Patrick Valayer, Claude Negrier, Selim Jennane, Edouard Begon, Laura Hyerle, Delphine Bridoux, Claire Daurel, Benoît Dalle, Mathilde Lescat, Philippe Stolidi, Elodie Perrodeau, Xavier Heches, Pierre Castelnau, Philippe Bray, Jean-Claude Texier, Serge Rossignol, Maud Brung-Lefebvre, Jean-François Subra, Jean-Marie Delarbre, Morgane Schneerson, Guyro Jang, Mona Mehri, Nathalie Landgraf, Pierre-Marie Girard, Armand Goll, Zaineb Bekguesmia, Christophe Clement, Michel Collet, Vincent Maze, Amine Benjelloul, Solène Durliat-Ellie, Vincent Letouzey, François Schmitt, Valérie Martinez, Sarah Watson, Abderrezak Bouasria, François Barbier, Raphael Lauretta, Mirana Razafimahery, Cristina Sirbu, Patrick Malherbe, Anne Wuillai, Ludovic Lesecq, Philippe Gaudard, Serge Houssaye, Jacques Monsegu, Gilles Rival, Chantal Chaplain, Jean-Didier Grangé, Oana Zamfiri, Florence Nguyen-Khac, Marc Portneuf, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Delphine Bonnet, Laurent Traissac, Sophie Hamon-Charles, Didier Dreyfuss, Louis Bernard, Laurence Detourmignies, Olivier Martineau, François Pettinelli, Marc Zandecki, Michel Dreyfus, Alain Chapelle, Sébastien Sabbat, Anne-Sophie Labussiere, Jean-Louis Gaillard, Chloé Plouzeau-Jayle, Patrick Zoveda, Véronique Leflon, Marie Levy, Aurélie Labé, Bruno Soulie, Raoul Jacques Bensaude, Hecham Moussa, Sylviane Catteu, Nathalie Biron, Loïc Masson, Georges Mourad, Nejla Aissa, Dragos Ciocan, Hubert De Boysson, Jean-Luc Bouyer, Patrick Yeni, Thierry-Pascal Zame, Caroline Thomas, François Cavalié, Laurence Koulmann, Christophe Rioux, Olivier Barraud, François Bricaire, Marguerite Le Poulain, Marie-Noelle Noulard, René Thomas, Guy Semet, Laurent Mosser, Olivier Marret, Brigitte Rivière, Vincent Jarlier, Jean-Philippe Coindre, Marc Villemain, Martin Pierre, Yacine Benkaci, Philippe Chiron, Hoang Vu-Thien, Jérôme Gournay, Andrea Labaune-Kiss, Brigitte Lauzanne, Fanny Lemercier, Souad Silhadi, Imad Kansau, Christophe Poncelet, Olivier Baldesi, Francis Thuet, Olivier Leroy, Aurore Lamberet, Camille Petit Hoang, Sophie Micheli, Ayman Abokasem, Hakima Nesrine, Pierre Lureau, Christian Chidiac, Vincent Piriou, Fabien Zoulim, Dieudonné Nicobaharaye, Anne Tixier, Isabelle Matheron, Soumeth Abasse, Victoria Cacheux, Serge Herson, Christine Fuhrmann, Olivier Proost, Bernard Bedock, Olivier Rogeaux, Mostapha Hajjar, Anne Reverseau, René Courcol, Françoise Carmagnol, Yves Guénard, Céline Ménard, Bouchra Lamia, Bruno Lemmens, Damien Bouhour, L. Lequen, Gaëlle Baty, Cédric Bouet, Dominique Guerrot, Stéphane Blanc, Catherine Chirouze, Anne-Hélène Reboux, A. Vachée, Gregory Taurin, Myriam Mein-Bottini, Jean-Pierre Belot, Alain Lafeuillade, Patricia Gabez-Therou, Philippe Labrousse, Bernard Jarrousse, Philippe Noto, Vincent Brunot, Philippe Condominas, Marion Challier, Béatrice Berçot, Delphine Anuset, Mélanie Daval Cote, François Bernasconi, Y. Costa, Chandrah Goburdhun, Bernard Gressier, Alban Michaud-herbst, Franck Charlier, Moussa Hecham, Luc Boulain, Hélène Corneloup, Alix Greder Belan, Nicolas Boussekey, Claire-Antoinette Dupuy, Yannick Rouquet, Benoit Renard, Benifla Jl, Etienne Javouhey, Michèle Granier, Marie-Christine Jaffarbandjee, Emilie Piet, Benoît Bergues, Claire Malbrunot, Catherine Tiry, Philippe Mérigot, Mouna Ben Soltana, Chantal Roure Sobas, Florian Radenac, Yves Thomas, Agathe Blaise, Sylvie De Martino, Laurence Legout, Gabriel Choukroun, Jean-François Muir, Peggy Dupretz, Patrick Dupont, François Guichart, Julie Jean, Jean-Michel Descamps, Bernard Kittschke, Anne Gruson, Gerard Viquesnel, Marie Keller, Pascal Chavanet, Françis Vallet, Yvan Vaschalde, Jean-Luc Hanouz, Gerard Lina, Françoise Loison, Simon Vincent, Jean-Paul Thellier, Moncef Afi, Dominique Zagozda, Hélène Sokeng-Affoule, Marc Le Bideau, Jean-François Loriferne, Alain Gravet, Sophie Deprecq, Tarik Naceur, Severine Mielczarek, René-Jean Bensadoun, Bernard Karkous, Yves Bléher, Jocelyne Poulain, Véronique Goulet, Laurence Nicolet, Sophie Arista, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira, Jean-François Schved, Laurent Nicolet, Claire Lecomte, Faiza Benddif-Fin, Michel Aumersier, Laurence Burc-Struxiano, Maxime Thouvenin, Samia Harbi, Mathieu Detave, Catherine Rebeyrotte, Jean-Paul Kisterman, Bruno Berdin, Pascal Vincent, Laurent Argaud, Elisabeth Parisi-Duchene, Geneviève Julienne, Fernanda Farto-Bensasson, Georges-Fabrice Blum, Sad Gaizi, Tali-Anne Szwebel, Raphaël Lepeule, Marie-Thérèse Climas, Anne-Françoise Dillies, Amar Boudhane, Umberto Simeoni, Pierre-François Dequin, Gérard Oliviero, Alain Gourlaouen, Caroline Piau, Marie-France Lutz-Murphy, Benoît Claude, Jean-Paul Aubry, Nadine Dubosc-Marchenay, Kamilla Chraibi, Emmanuelle Heusse, Sylvain Le Chevallier, Nathalie Brieu, Farid Sifaoui, Lorraine Letranchant, Hélène Durox, Jean-Pierre Lagasse, Adel Ghedira, Xavier Roubert, Fatma Magdoud, Hélène Jean-Pierre, Etienne Carbonelle, Olivier Dereeper, Lionel Carbillon, Christophe Billy, Mélanie Roblin, Marie-José Kodzin, Philippe Niel, Solène Makdessi, Matteo Vassallo, Maryse Archambaud, Fabian Haccourt, Didier Blaise, Stéphane Bourgeois, Elena Marcu, Charles Kubiak, Brisse Castel, François Guinet, Marie Pouzoullic, Frédérique Nathan-Bonnet, Vincent Gendrin, Céline Becherrawy, Aline Secher, Pierre Abgueguen, Clarence Eloy, Jean-Marc Tourani, Frédéric Klapczynski, Bernard Montmasson, Philippe Real, Joanna Pofelski, Yves Welker, Karim Krechiem, Eric Caumes, Martine Elena-Daumas, Christophe Saigne, Gilles Hittinger, Chantal Delesalle, Jonathan Messika, Fabrice Lesage, Daniela Pop, Daniel Coetmeur, Renato Colamarino, Chetaou Mahaza, Patrick Plésiat, Isabelle Fredenucci, Mylène Baret, Guy Mager, Pascale Chavel, Isabelle Labourdette, Anne-Claude Menguy, Nicolas Fortineau, Ludovic Le Sec, Valérie Gauduchon, Francis Barraud, Nicolas Letellier, Didier Vincent, Janine Frey, Philippe Riegel, Michel Pavic, Jean-Luc Fabre, Jean-Pierre Fauchart, Alain Goudeau, Stéphanie Husson-Wetzel, Philippe Eymerit, Mohamed Camara, Nathalie Seta, Elisabeth Carole Ngo Bell, Philippe Repellin, Laurent Alric, Vincent Leroy, Françoise Delisle Mizon, Jean-Philippe Emond, Marie-Françoise Borie, Lise Crémet, Wladimir Chelle, Elisabeth Brottier-Mancini, Bernard Garrigues, Claire Letellier, Loïc Geffray, Frédéric Méchaï, Julien Bador, Benoit Guery, Alain-Charles Fouilhoux, Corinne Dagada, Pierre Duhaut, Julien Goustille, Arnaud Sément, Francis Carcenac, Isabelle Girard-Buttaz, Claire Chapuzet, Fabienne Jouatte, Bruno Riou, Fabrice Hayoun, Chloé Di Meglio, Youssef Ali, Michel Leneveu, Nathalie Montagne, Yves Garcera, Audrey Moustache, Pierre-Eric Danin, Geneviève Le Lay, Dominique Courouge-Dorcier, Isabelle Worcel, Emmanuel Morelon, Vincent Pestre, Jean-Pierre Vilque, Jean-Christophe Paquet, Lucien Bodson, Anne-Marie Forest, Fabrice Pierre, Christian Pommier, Fabien Dutasta, Pierre Fournel, Stéphanie Courtois, Elodie Dubois, Serge Vanden Einjden, Patrick Honderlick, Pascal Richette, Fabienne Tamion, Véronique Chassy, Richard Megbemado, Anne-Marie Le Reste, Bernard Simian, Henri Osman, Anthony Texier, Badih Ayach, François Simon, Jean-Michel Filloux, Béatrice Dubourdieu, Jean-Claude Semet, Sarah Kubab, Tawfiq Henni, Patrick Dudeffant, Delphine Hequet, Olivier Mimoz, Marc Auburtin, Amélie Chabrol, Mickael Bonnan, Caroline Léonnet, Claire Wintenberger, Serge Ilunga, Patrice Lanba, Sophie Rosello, Alexandre Damage, Flore Bouche, Michel Thibault, Frederic Faibis, Chantal Dhennain, Jean-Philippe Talarmin, Armelle Lamour, Remi Boussier, Fabien Garnier, Marie-Laure Brival, Nourredine Hedjem, Philippe Vande-perre, Raphaël Coint, Jean-Claude Reveil, Eva Weinbronn, Emmanuelle Lavalard, Alexandra Fille, Françoise Le Turdu, Lionel Leroux, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Jean Berthet, Radia Bouaziz, Alain Ravaud, Sylvaine Rousseau, Yacine Merrouche, Alain Le Coustumier, Bertrand Guider, Gisèle Dewulf, Jean-Marc Faucheux, Jacques Piquet, Franck Leibinger, Charles Cerf, Robin Stephan, Jean-Philippe Redonnet, Jean-Paul Stahl, Ella Dzeing, Simona Pavel, Guy Vernet, Ghada Hatem, Samer Kayal, Jacques Deschamps, Dominique Descamps, Marion Levast, Marc Bouiller, Sylvie Dargere, Claire Dingremont, Stéphane Gaudry, François Maillot, Sylvie Odent, Nathalie Cervantes, Hélène Zanaldi, Laurence Gachassin, Olivier Ruyer, David Patin, Benoît Cazenave, Pascal Jacquier, Michelle Boyer, Béatrice Berteaux, Virginie Zarrouk, Jacques Bor, Isabelle Legoff, Hélène Albinet, Florence Rousseau, Gilles Pialoux, Guenaelle Salaun-Beretta, Alexandra Moura, Véronique Vernet Garnier, Didier Lepelletier, Pierre-Alexandre Hauss, Joëlle Belaisch-Amart, Didier Lepeletier, Jacob Xavier, Aline Nare, Annie Motard-Picheloup, Alain Améri, Bertrand Lioger, Jean-Valère Malfuson, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Listeria - National Reference Center Listeria (CNRL), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria / WHO Collaborating Centre Listeria (CC-OMS / WHO-CC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département de Médecine interne [Lariboisière], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Infectious Disease Department [Saint Maurice], Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] (ANSP), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications vasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, MONALISA study group, Programme Hospitalier Recherche Clinique, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, French Public Health Agency., ROZIER, marie-Claire, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Listeria - Biologie des Infections (CNRL), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Listeria - Biologie des Infections (CCOMS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Centre National de Référence Listeria - Biologie des Infections ( CNRL ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS (CCOMS) des Listeria ( CCOMS ), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité ( CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sorbonne Paris Cité ( USPC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie ( UPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Hôpital Lariboisière, Biologie des Infections, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources ( ICAReB ), Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] ( ANSP ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Bacteremia/epidemiology/mortality, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, bacteraemia, Infectious Disease Transmission, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bacteremia, France/epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Diseases, Foodborne Diseases, Meningoencephalitis, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Vertical, Medicine, Listeriosis, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, ddc:618, diabetes, alcoholism, Hazard ratio, Foodborne Diseases/microbiology, immuno suppressive therapies, Prognosis, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, isolates, Population Surveillance, Female, France, Listeria monocytogenes/classification/isolation & purification, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Notifiable disease, Listeriosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology, Context (language use), macromolecular substances, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, study, Aged, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Public health, cirrhosis, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology, HIV, Mandatory Reporting, Newborn, medicine.disease, Listeria monocytogenes, infection, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology/microbiology, Meningoencephalitis/epidemiology/microbiology/mortality, Observational study, business, prognostic, mellitus
Abstract

International audience; Evidence before this study We searched PubMed on June 30, 2016, for English-language cohort studies published since Jan 1, 1980, of patients with invasive listeriosis worldwide with the keywords " listeria " , " listeriosis " , " maternal " , and " neurolisteriosis ". Studies had to include epidemiological or clinical data on listeriosis. All clinical forms of infection were included (bacteraemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal–neonatal infection). Host risk factors for listeriosis have been well identified, but the clinical features and prognostic factors of the disease are based on retrospective studies compiling heterogeneous data or random collected cases. Furthermore, no clinical trial has ever been done and medical management is not evidence based. Added value of the study Our study is the first prospective clinical study focusing on all forms of invasive listeriosis. The study is based on a national mandatory system that allowed the nearly complete capture of microbiologically proven cases. The study shows a higher burden of listeriosis than reported before: more than 80% of infected mothers experienced major fetal or neonatal complications (fetal loss, very high prematurity, early or late onset disease); only 39% of patients with neurolisteriosis survived and fully recovered. The study provides important new data to improve management and predict outcome in listeriosis, such as determination of the time window for fetal losses (

Published
2016

26. Clinical severity and molecular characteristics of circulating and emerging rotaviruses in young children attending hospital emergency departments in France

Author

Jérôme Kaplon, Florence Morfin-Sherpa, D. Gendrel, Christopher Payan, A. Schnuriger, Anne Decoster, Sylvie Pillet, J.-F. Meritet, Aurélie Guigon, François Dubos, Bruno Pozzetto, M.-C. Legrand-Guillien, Céline Fremy, C. Bouquignaud, Y. Gillet, M. Rodiere, Didier Hober, Y. Mekki, Ronald Colimon, Pierre Lebon, O. Mory, A. Beby-Defaux, Sophie Alain, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Bruno Lina, Gisèle Lagathu, J.-L. Stephan, M. Chouchane, Pierre Pothier, A. Garbarg-Chenon, L. Mendes-Martins, R. Maudinas, Jérôme Guinard, Frédéric Huet, Patricia Mariani, J. Languepin, A. Minoui-Tran, A. de Rougemont, Mouna Lazrek, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Vincent Foulongne, Gérard Agius, Astrid Vabret, Denis Oriot, Serge Aho, Mathie Lorrot, UFR des Sciences de Santé (Université de Bourgogne), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre National de Référence des virus entériques [CHU de Dijon] (CNR virus entériques), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de sérologie-virologie (CHU de Dijon), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Interactions Muqueuses Agents Transmissibles (LIMA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Virologie Humaine et Moléculaire [Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier de Charleville-Mezières, Service de pédiatrie (CHU de Dijon), Hôpital du Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Groupe Hospitalier de l'institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Teaching hospital, CHU Limoges, Service d'urgence et de réanimation pédiatriques [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Virologie et pathogenèse virale (VPV), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Curie [Paris], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), University Hospital and University Jean Monnet, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Palmipèdes à Foie Gras (UEPFG), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, ONERA, Station de recherches sur la vache laitière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Institut Curie, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), CHU Orléans, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Rotavirus, Pediatrics, Emerging rotavirus, medicine.disease_cause, Group A, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Severity of Illness Index, Feces, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genotype, Prevalence, Clinical severity, Acute gastroenteritis, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Incidence (epidemiology), General Medicine, Diarrhoea, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, France, Seasons, Emergency Service, Hospital, Reassortant Viruses, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Genotyping, 030106 microbiology, Rotavirus Infections, Severity, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Relative stability, 030104 developmental biology, business
Abstract

International audience; Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. A prospective surveillance network has been set up to investigate the virological and clinical features of RVA infections and to detect the emergence of potentially epidemic strains in France. From 2009 to 2014, RVA-positive stool samples were collected from 4800 children

Published
2016

27. Epidemiology of infectious encephalitis, differences between a prospective study and hospital discharge data

Author

Benoit Guery, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Alexandra Mailles, Bruno Lina, Jean Paul Stahl, Daniel Terral, Marc Lecuit, Frederic Laurent, Cecile Bebear, Bruno POZZETTO, and Virginie Prendki

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Infectious encephalitis, Humans, Medicine, Prospective cohort study, Aged, biology, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Bacterial Infections, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Original Papers, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Virus Diseases, Immunology, Listeria, Etiology, Encephalitis, Female, France, business
Abstract

SUMMARYThe French epidemiology of infectious encephalitis has been described in a 2007 prospective study. We compared these results with available data (demographic features, causative agents, case-fatality ratio) obtained through the French national hospital discharge 2007 database (PMSI), in order to evaluate it as a surveillance tool for encephalitis. Causative agents were identified in 52% of cases in the study, and 38% in PMSI (P Listeria monocytogenesandMycobacterium tuberculosiswere less frequent in PMSI than in the study (Listeria: 2%vs.5%,P = 0·001;Mycobacterium: 2%vs.8%,P Listeria(46% in the studyvs.16%). Nevertheless, despite the absence of case definitions and a possible misclassification weakening PMSI data, we suggest that PMSI may be used as a basic surveillance tool at a limited cost.

Published
2012

28. Current and future microbicide approaches aimed at preventing HIV infection in women

Author

Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Olivier Delézay, Frédéric Lucht, Thomas Bourlet, Bruno Pozzetto, and Amandine Brunon-Gagneux

Subjects
Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Population, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Developing country, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, Receptors, HIV, Virology, Microbicide, medicine, Humans, Intensive care medicine, education, Developing Countries, education.field_of_study, Mucous Membrane, business.industry, Vaginal microbicide, Contraceptive Devices, Female, HIV, Virus Internalization, Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases, Administration, Intravaginal, Contraception, Infectious Diseases, Clinical research, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Vagina, Immunology, Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies, Female, business
Abstract

Women from developing countries, in which the prevalence of HIV infection is very high, are at risk of becoming infected without having the possibility of personally controlling this risk. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop anti-HIV vaginal microbicide strategies. This review considers the modes of entry of HIV through the mucosa of the female genital tract, the different classes of vaginal microbicide compounds, the mode of delivery of these drugs, the aims and methods of in vitro and animal experiments at the preclinical stage, the results of the Phase III trials conducted in different countries, including the ongoing assays, and the future orientations for the next 5 years with a discussion relative to antiviral resistance, combination strategies and development of new-generation compounds.

Published
2012

29. Are the risk factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in patients the same than in healthy volunteers? Data from a cohort of patients scheduled for orthopedic material implantation

Author

Florence Grattard, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Paul O. Verhoeven, Frédéric Farizon, Bruno Pozzetto, Céline Cazorla, Philippe Berthelot, and Frédéric Lucht

Subjects
Adult, Male, Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Younger age, Patients, Epidemiology, medicine.disease_cause, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Healthy volunteers, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, Nasal carriage, In patient, Prospective Studies, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, Healthy Volunteers, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, Carrier State, Cohort, Orthopedic surgery, Wound Infection, Female, business
Abstract

The risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage have been mainly defined in healthy volunteers. Using data from a large multicenter prospective clinical cohort of orthopedic surgical patients we showed that obesity (BMI >30) and younger age were independent risk factors for persistent carriage. In the absence of recommendations for S aureus decolonization in orthopedic surgery, this study suggests that at least obese patients should be targeted to prevent surgical site infections.

Published
2014

30. Is nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus the main acquisition pathway for surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery?

Author

J.-P. Fayard, Frédéric Farizon, J. Bejuy, Philippe Berthelot, J.-P. Passot, Florence Grattard, Frédéric Lucht, Bruno Pozzetto, R. Meley, and Céline Cazorla

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, medicine.medical_specialty, Micrococcaceae, Genotype, Mupirocin, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, Surgical Wound Infection, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Nose, Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Surgical wound, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, biology.organism_classification, DNA Fingerprinting, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Carrier State, Orthopedic surgery, Female, business
Abstract

The endogenous or exogenous origin of Staphylococcus aureus, responsible for orthopaedic surgical-site infections (SSI), remains debated. We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study to analyse the respective part of exogenous contamination and endogenous self-inoculation by S. aureus during elective orthopaedic surgery. The nose of each consecutive patient was sampled before surgery. Strains of S. aureus isolated from the nose and the wound, in the case of SSI, were compared by antibiotypes or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 3,908 consecutive patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery were included. Seventy-seven patients developed an SSI (2%), including 22 related to S. aureus (0.6%). S. aureus was isolated from the nose of 790 patients (20.2%) at the time of surgery. In the multivariate analysis, S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be a risk factor for S. aureus SSI in orthopaedic surgery. However, only nine subjects exhibiting S. aureus SSI had been found to be carriers before surgery: when compared, three pairs of strains were considered to be different and six similar. In most cases of S. aureus SSI, either an endogenous origin could not be demonstrated or pre-operative nasal colonisation retrieved a strain that was different from the one recovered from the surgical site.

Published
2010

31. Active Coxsackieviral B Infection Is Associated With Disruption of Dystrophin in Endomyocardial Tissue of Patients Who Died Suddenly of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Author

Lydie Venteo, Nicolas Jovenin, Bruno Pozzetto, Michel Pluot, Mathieu Matta, Hélène Moret, Frédéric Canas, Sébastien Duband, Fatima Douche-Aourik, Laurent Andreoletti, Jérôme Jacques, Thomas Bourlet, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, and Jean-François Mosnier

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiovascular infection, viruses, Myocardial Infarction, Coxsackievirus, medicine.disease_cause, Dystrophin, Pathogenesis, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Enterovirus B, Human, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Case-Control Studies, Circulatory system, biology.protein, RNA, Viral, Enterovirus, Immunohistochemistry, Capsid Proteins, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Endocardium
Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the potential direct role of enterovirus (EV) cardiac infections in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI).Enteroviruses (Picornaviridae) have been suspected to play a role in the development of acute MI.The presence of EV ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequences and capsid viral protein 1 (VP1) and the virus-mediated focal disruption of dystrophin were retrospectively investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry assays in endomyocardial tissues of patients who died suddenly of acute MI by comparison with similar samples of control patients matched for gender, residence area, and year of death.Enterovirus infection markers were detected in 20 (40%) of 50 patients who died suddenly of MI, 2 (4%) of 50 matched subjects without cardiac disease (p0.001), and 4 (8%) of 50 matched patients exhibiting a noncoronary chronic cardiopathy (p0.001). All of the EV RNA-positive patients exhibited VP1, which provided evidence of viral protein synthesis activity. The VP1 gene sequences amplified after cloning from myocardial or coronary samples of 8 of the MI patients and showed a strong homology with sequences of coxsackievirus B2 and B3 serotypes. Moreover, in the endomyocardial tissue of these 8 patients, immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that there was disruption of the sarcolemmal localization of dystrophin in the same tissue areas that were infected by coxsackieviruses.Our findings demonstrate a significantly higher proportion of active coxsackievirus B cardiovascular infections in patients who suddenly died of MI compared with matched control subjects, suggesting that these EVs may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of acute MI by a focal disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.

Published
2007

32. Enterovirus in arteriosclerosis: A pilot study

Author

Didier Bourrat, Cécile Schanen, Michel Peoc'h, Thomas Bourlet, Sylvie Pillet, Laurent Andreoletti, Bruno Pozzetto, Christophe Ginevra, Xavier Barral, Dorsaf Nasri, and Jean-Pierre Favre

Subjects
Male, Human cytomegalovirus, Arteriosclerosis, Cytomegalovirus, Pilot Projects, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Herpesviridae, Virology, Enterovirus Infections, medicine, Humans, Simplexvirus, Clinical significance, Aged, Enterovirus, Aged, 80 and over, Chlamydia, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Herpes simplex virus, Immunology, Female
Abstract

Background Various pathogens have been suspected to play a role in the initiation or amplification of the atherosclerotic lesions. Both experimental and epidemiological arguments plead for a possible role of enterovirus in this process. Objective To determine the prevalence of enterovirus genome in atherosclerotic plaques, in comparison with Chlamydia pneumoniae, human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) and herpes simplex virus. Study design Pilot study on 18 patients who underwent artery resection. Five artery samples were tested for each patient and each pathogen by using PCR techniques whose sensitivity was evaluated for this kind of specimen. The quality of the extraction step was assessed by amplification of a fragment of the human aldolase A gene. Results The genome of at least one infectious agent was detected in artery samples from 7 of the 18 patients (38.9%). In all cases, only one of the five aliquots was found positive; a confirmation was done by sequencing the PCR product. With regards to enterovirus, four patients (22.2%) were detected positive (one of them being also positive for hCMV). Conclusions These results suggest that small amounts of enterovirus genome are commonly found in lesions of patients with advanced arteriosclerosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of this association.

Published
2007

33. Infliximab Does Not Worsen Outcomes During Flare-ups Associated with Cytomegalovirus Infection in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Author

Emilie Presles, Jean-Marc Phelip, Xavier Roblin, Sylvie Pillet, Philippe Berthelot, Camille Jarlot, Mathilde Courault, Bruno Pozzetto, Pierre Saint-Sardos, Emilie Del Tedesco, and Renaud Chardon

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Colon, Biopsy, Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, Cytomegalovirus, Azathioprine, Monoclonal antibody, Gastroenterology, Antiviral Agents, Maintenance therapy, Gastrointestinal Agents, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Prospective Studies, Colitis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Remission Induction, Colonoscopy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, Infliximab, Cytomegalovirus Infections, DNA, Viral, Colitis, Ulcerative, Female, Virus Activation, business, medicine.drug, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive therapies used for treating ulcerative colitis are known to favor chronic and latent viral diseases. This study aimed at evaluating prospectively the association between colonic cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) by comparison to azathioprine (AZA) in a series of flare-ups occurring in consecutive ulcerative colitis patients. METHODS A total of 109 flare-ups were recorded in 73 patients receiving a maintenance therapy by anti-TNF mabs (n = 69) or AZA (n = 40). The CMV DNA load in colonic tissue was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on a pair of biopsies. RESULTS The number of CMV reactivation was of 35% and 38% in patients receiving anti-TNF mabs and AZA, respectively. The median of CMV DNA load was 378 [10-29,800] and 8300 [10-3,25,000] copies/mg of tissue in patients treated by anti-TNF mabs and AZA, respectively (P = 0.11 by Mann-Whitney U test). In a subgroup of 45 patients under anti-TNF mabs requiring an optimized treatment by infliximab, clinical remission (partial Mayo score

Published
2015

34. Trypanosoma-Cruzi Cross-Reactive Antibodies Longitudinal Follow-Up: A Prospective Observational Study in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Author

Marie-Laure Danjoy, Lucie Gueyffier, Philippe Vanhems, Mauricette Michallet, Maan Zrein, Mohamad Sobh, Hans Pottel, Esber S. Saba, Bruno Pozzetto, and Gangopadhyay, Nupur

Subjects
Adult, Male, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Trypanosoma cruzi, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Antibodies, Protozoan, Cytomegalovirus, Graft vs Host Disease, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Biology, Serology, medicine, Humans, Blood Transfusion, Chagas Disease, Seroconversion, lcsh:Science, education, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematopoietic stem cell, Middle Aged, Transplant Recipients, Transplantation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, Cytomegalovirus Infections, lcsh:Q, Female, Stem cell, Follow-Up Studies, Research Article
Abstract

Antibodies named TcCRA "Trypanosoma cruzi Cross Reactive Antibodies" were detected in 47% of blood donors from French population unexposed to the parasite. In order to evaluate the passive or active transmissibility of TcCRA and further characterize its role and etiology, we have conducted a study in a cohort of 47 patients who underwent allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations (allo-HSCT). Donors and recipients were tested for TcCRA prior to transplantation. Recipients were further tested during follow-up after transplantation. Demographical, clinical and biological data were collected. Our primary end-point was to assess the risk of TcCRA acquisition after transplantation. During this initial analysis, we observed no seroconversion in patients receiving cells from TcCRA negative donors (n = 23) but detected seroconversion in 4 out of 24 patients who received hematopoietic stem cells from positive donors. Here, we are discussing possible scenarios to explain TcCRA-immune status in recipient after transplantation. ispartof: PLoS One vol:10 issue:9 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2015

35. Molecular dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Hajj pilgrims

Author

Julie Gagnaire, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Khadidja Belhouchat, P. Gautret, Frédéric Lucht, Tassadit Drali, Florence Grattard, Philippe Berthelot, Cyrille H. Haddar, Bruno Pozzetto, P. Brouqui, Samir Benkouiten, Ziad A. Memish, Paul O. Verhoeven, and Rémi N. Charrel

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Staphylococcus aureus, overcrowding, Saudi Arabia, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Cohort Studies, respiratory viruses, Hajj, medicine, Nasal carriage, Humans, Aged, Travel, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, Respiratory pathogens, Religion, Nasal Mucosa, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, Crowding, Staphylococcus aureus carriage, Cohort, Carrier State, Female, France, Carriage acquisition, business
Abstract

During the 2012 Hajj season, the risk of acquisition of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a cohort of French pilgrims was 22.8%, and was statistically associated with the acquisition of viral respiratory pathogens (p 0.03). The carriage of S. aureus belonging to the emerging clonal complex 398 significantly increased following the pilgrimage (p

Published
2015

36. Identification of a duplicated V3 domain in NS5A associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-1b patients

Author

Elisabeth André-Garnier, J. B. Bour, Jacques Izopet, Christophe Lemaire, S. Vallet, Adeline Pivert, Arielle R. Rosenberg, Pascale Trimoulet, Christopher Payan, E. Bouthry, Pascal Veillon, Sophie Alain, Dominique Bettinger, P. André, Alexandra Ducancelle, Catherine Gaudy-Graffin, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Françoise Stoll-Keller, Odile Petsaris, Cécile Henquell, Yazid Baazia, Bruno Pozzetto, Françoise Lunel-Fabiani, Florence Abravanel, Henia Saoudin, V. Thibault, Anne Signori-Schmuck, Sandrine Bertrais, Gisèle Lagathu, H. Le Guillou-Guillemette, Sylvie Larrat, S. Minjolle-Cha, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), CHU Limoges, Service de virologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), CHU Avicenne, Service de virologie et d'immunologie biologique, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Laboratoire de Bactériologie de l'Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions [Grenoble] (UVHCI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Biologie structurale des interactions entre virus et cellule hôte (UVHCI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Interaction virus-hôte et maladies du foie, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Henri Mondor, The authors thank A. Lefebvre, E. Muel, Y. Desille, I. Renard, A. Plages, A. Rodallec and W. Merrouche for their assistance in clinical data recording.Funding: This study was funded by the ANRS (Agence de Nationale de Recherche sur le VIH et les hépatites, appel d’offre Mars 2006)., PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans [UNAM], Interactions cellulaires et applications thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA) - CHU Angers - CRLCC Paul Papin - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de virologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC) - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 (UPS) - IFR30 - IFR150 - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Cochin [APHP], Université européenne de Bretagne (UEB) - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - IFR148 ScInBioS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon (CHU Dijon), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux] - Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) - Université François Rabelais - Tours - CHRU Tours, CHU Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire de biologie structurale des interactions entre virus et cellule hôte, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF) - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), CHU Henri Mondor [Créteil], and Jonchère, Laurent

Subjects
Adult, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, hepatitis C virus, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Hepatitis C virus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Viral quasispecies, Hepacivirus, Biology, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, NS5A, Liver disease, Virology, Gene Duplication, Gene duplication, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Aged, Hepatitis, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, cirrhosis, Liver Neoplasms, Hepatitis C, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, Protein Structure, Tertiary, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutagenesis, Insertional, Infectious Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hepatocellular carcinoma, RNA, Viral, Female, V3 domain, France, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Background The NS5A protein of the hepatitis C virus has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives In a French multicenter study, we investigated the clinical and epidemiological features of a new HCV genotype 1b strain bearing a wide insertion into the V3 domain. Study Design We studied NS5A gene sequences in 821 French patients infected with genotype 1b HCV. Results We identified an uncharacterized V3 insertion without ORF disruption in 3.05% of the HCV sequences. The insertion comprised 31 amino-acids for the majority of patients; 3 patients had 27 amino-acids insertions and 1 had a 12 amino-acids insertion. Sequence identity between the 31 amino-acids insertions and the V3 domain ranged from 48 to 96% with E-values above 4e-5, thus illustrating sequence homology and a partial gene duplication event that to our knowledge has never been reported in HCV. Moreover we showed the presence of the duplication at the time of infection and its persistence at least during 12 years in the entire quasispecies. No association was found with extrahepatic diseases. Conversely, patients with cirrhosis were two times more likely to have HCV with this genetic characteristic (p=0.04). Moreover, its prevalence increased with liver disease severity (from 3.0% in patients without cirrhosis to 9.4% in patients with both cirrhosis and HCC, p for trend=0.045). Conclusions We identified a duplicated V3 domain in the HCV-1b NS5A protein for the first time. The duplication may be associated with unfavorable evolution of liver disease including a possible involvement in liver carcinogenesis

Published
2015

37. Non-leukodepleted red blood cell transfusion in sepsis patients: beyond oxygenation, is there a risk of inflammation?

Author

Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Adrien Chabert, Fabrice Zeni, Bruno Pozzetto, Fabrice Cognasse, and Olivier Garraud

Subjects
Male, Letter, ■■■, Erythrocytes, Inflammation, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Microcirculation, Sepsis, Humans, Medicine, Platelet, Whole blood, biology, business.industry, Neutrophil extracellular traps, medicine.disease, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, medicine.symptom, Antibody, Erythrocyte Transfusion, business, Packed red blood cells
Abstract

Donati and colleagues [1] evaluated the benefits of fresh, leukodepleted (LD) versus non-leukodepleted (nLD) erythrocyte transfusions on the microcirculation in sepsis patients. Oxygenation appeared equal in both groups. Differences between the two kinds of blood cells are presented in Table 1. In the reported study, there is a difference between the age of erythrocytes in the two groups (1.5 to 3 days for nLD versus 3.5 to 5 days for LD erythrocytes; a U test indicates P

Published
2014

38. Evaluation of a total core antigen assay for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients

Author

Bruno Pozzetto, I. Fodha, S. Ben Othman, A. Achour, N. Bouzgarrou, Abdelhalim Trabelsi, and Florence Grattard

Subjects
Adult, Male, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C virus, Population, medicine.disease_cause, Flaviviridae, Antigen, Renal Dialysis, Virology, Humans, Medicine, Viremia, education, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Viral Core Proteins, virus diseases, Hepatitis C Antibodies, Middle Aged, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases, Infectious Diseases, Immunoassay, Immunology, biology.protein, RNA, Viral, Female, Antibody, business, Viral load
Abstract

Hemodialysis patients are recognized as a group at high risk of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Therefore, such a population should be screened routinely for the presence of HCV viremia. Since nucleic acid techniques remain expensive and largely unavailable in many laboratories in the developing world, the present study assesses the clinical usefulness of the HCV core antigen enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of HCV infection in dialysis patients. One hundred seventy-five dialysis patients were screened for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA in the serum. One hundred twenty-eight serum samples were collected from the 76 patients who were anti-HCV antibody- and/or HCV RNA-positive. These were evaluated for total HCV core antigen. Of these samples, 55 had sufficient volume to be further tested to quantify HCV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genotyping of the HCV strains showed that the majority belonged to genotype 1b (77%). The HCV core antigen assay showed a sensitivity and specificity of 84% and 89%, respectively. The use of core antigen assay has enabled the early detection of three patients who developed an acute hepatitis C infection during the period of study. A correlation study was undertaken between the quantitative values of viral load, expressed as pg/ml of HCV core antigen in serum, and viral RNA in UI/ml. A significant correlation was observed (Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.552; P

Published
2005

39. Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoon Fractions of Semen from Patients Attempting Medically Assisted Conception

Author

Bruno Pozzetto, H. Cordonier, Jean-François Guérin, Jean-Louis Laurent, A. Maertens, Thomas Bourlet, Rachel Levy, Florence Grattard, and Jean-Claude Tardy

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, Hepatitis C virus, Hepacivirus, Population, Semen, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Flaviviridae, Virology, medicine, Humans, education, Infectivity, education.field_of_study, Spermatozoon, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, virus diseases, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, Spermatozoa, digestive system diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, RNA, Viral, Female
Abstract

To investigate the risk of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) via semen in assisted reproduction techniques, semen samples from 32 men chronically infected with HCV attending a center for assisted procreation were tested for HCV RNA by a reverse transcription-PCR protocol by using a modified version of the Cobas AMPLICOR HCV assay (version 2.0; Roche Diagnostics). The sensitivity of the test was 40 copies/ml. Four of 32 seminal plasma samples (12.5%) were found to be positive for the presence of HCV RNA. The median HCV load in blood was significantly higher in patients who were found to be positive for the presence of HCV RNA in semen than in those who tested negative ( P = 0.02). In one man, seven consecutive seminal plasma samples tested positive for HCV RNA, as did two consecutive motile spermatozoon fractions; the corresponding fractions obtained after migration of the spermatozoa remained negative. Despite the absence of the proven infectivity of virus in semen samples that test positive for HCV RNA, these findings highlight the fact that seminal fluid may exhibit prolonged HCV RNA excretion. The usefulness of HCV RNA detection in both seminal plasma and spermatozoon fractions before the start of a program of medically assisted reproduction in couples in whom the male partner is chronically infected with HCV would need to be evaluated prospectively with a larger population of subjects exhibiting HCV RNA in their semen.

Published
2002

40. Visualization of X4- and R5-Tropic HIV-1 Viruses Expressing Fluorescent Proteins in Human Endometrial Cells: Application to Tropism Study

Author

Thomas Bourlet, Guido Vanham, Leo Heyndrickx, Rachel Terrasse, Bruno Pozzetto, Meriam Memmi, and Sabine Palle

Subjects
RNA viruses, 0301 basic medicine, Influenza Viruses, Gene Expression, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Epithelium, law.invention, Endometrium, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Genes, Reporter, Animal Cells, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, lcsh:Science, Recombination, Genetic, Microscopy, Confocal, Multidisciplinary, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, Infectious diseases, Female, Pathogens, Cellular Types, Anatomy, Engineering sciences. Technology, Research Article, Receptors, CXCR4, Receptors, CCR5, Green Fluorescent Proteins, 030106 microbiology, Viral diseases, Biology, Microbiology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, 03 medical and health sciences, Confocal microscopy, Virology, Retroviruses, medicine, Humans, Microbial Pathogens, Tropism, Mucous Membrane, Lentivirus, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, HIV, Epithelial Cells, Cell Biology, Viral Replication, In vitro, Viral Tropism, Biological Tissue, 030104 developmental biology, Viral replication, Cell culture, Cytoplasm, HIV-1, lcsh:Q, Nucleus, Viral Transmission and Infection, Orthomyxoviruses
Abstract

Worldwide most HIV infections occur through heterosexual transmission, involving complex interactions of cell-free and cell-associated particles with cells of the female genital tract mucosa. The ability of HIV-1 to "infect" epithelial cells remains poorly understood. To address this question, replicative-competent chimeric constructs expressing fluorescent proteins and harboring the envelope of X4-or R5-tropic HIV-1 strains were used to "infect" endometrial HEC1-A cells. The virus-cell interactions were visualized using confocal microscopy (CM) at various times post infection. Combined with quantification of viral RNA and total HIV DNA in infected cells, the CM pictures suggest that epithelial cells do not support a complete viral replication cycle: X4-tropic viruses are imported into the nucleus in a non-productive way, whereas R5-tropic viruses transit through the cytoplasm without replication and are preferentially transmitted to susceptible activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Within the limit of experiments conducted in vitro on a continued cell line, these results indicate that the epithelial mucosa may participate to the selection of HIV-1 strains at the mucosal level.

Published
2017

41. Are polymorphisms of the immunoregulatory factor CD40LG implicated in acute transfusion reactions?

Author

Mahjoub Aouni, Saloua Jemni-Yacoub, Olivier Garraud, Chedlia Fendri, Sandrine Laradi, Antoine Prigent, Tahar Chakroun, Mohsen Hassine, Renaud Touraine, Jocelyne Fagan, Caroline Sut, Chaker Aloui, Bruno Pozzetto, Viviana Granados-Herbepin, and Fabrice Cognasse

Subjects
Adult, Male, Genotype, CD40 Ligand, Molecular Sequence Data, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Young Adult, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Platelet, Allele, CD154, Gene, Genotyping, Alleles, Genetics, Genetic diversity, Multidisciplinary, CD40, biology, Significant difference, Transfusion Reaction, Middle Aged, Immunology, biology.protein, Female
Abstract

The CD40 ligand (CD40L/CD154), a member of TNF superfamily, is notably expressed on activated CD4+ T-cells and stimulated platelets. CD40L is linked to a variety of pathologies and to acute transfusion reactions (ATR). Mutations in this gene (CD40LG) lead to X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Some CD40LG polymorphisms are associated with variable protein expression. The rationale behind this study is that CD40L protein has been observed to be involved in ATR. We wondered whether genetic polymorphisms are implicated. We investigated genetic diversity in the CD40LG using DHPLC and capillary electrophoresis for screening and genotyping (n = 485 French and Tunisian blood donors). We identified significant difference in the CD40LG linkage pattern between the two populations. Variant minor alleles were significantly over-represented in Tunisian donors (P

Published
2014
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42. Immunologic nonresponders and T-regulatory cells in HIV-1 infection

Author

Stéphane Paul, Claude Lambert, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Anne Frésard, Frédéric Lucht, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Florence Suy, and Bruno Pozzetto

Subjects
Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, business.industry, Immunology, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, Middle Aged, medicine.disease_cause, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Infectious Diseases, Text mining, Anti-Retroviral Agents, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Female, business, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Published
2014

43. Evaluation of the New Brilliance GBS Chromogenic Medium for Screening of Streptococcus agalactiae Vaginal Colonization in Pregnant Women

Author

Julie Bonneau, Bruno Pozzetto, Nathalie Fonsale, Florence Grattard, Pauline Noyel, Paul O. Verhoeven, A. Ros, and Anne Carricajo

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, Streptococcus agalactiae, food, Pregnancy, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Agar, Humans, Gynecology, Bacteriological Techniques, Chromogenic, business.industry, Vaginal colonization, Infant, Newborn, Bacteriology, Culture Media, Granada medium, Chromogenic Compounds, Vaginal swabs, Vagina, Female, Pregnant Women, business
Abstract

Three commercial chromogenic agar media were evaluated for Streptococcus agalactiae screening in 200 vaginal swabs from pregnant women. The sensitivity and specificity were 94.3% and 100% for Granada medium (bioMérieux), 100% and 90.3% for Brilliance GBS medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 100% and 98.8% for ChromID STRB medium (bioMérieux), respectively.

Published
2014

44. Functional balance between the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 HA D222 variants

Author

Laetitia Linès, Bruno Pozzetto, Martine Valette, Jean-Sébastien Casalegno, Olivier Ferraris, Emilie Frobert, Sylvie Pillet, Michèle Ottmann, Thierry Excoffier, Maude Bouscambert, Corinne Bergeron, Vanessa Escuret, and Bruno Lina

Subjects
Viral Diseases, Hemagglutination, Cell Membranes, Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Sequence Analysis, Protein, Influenza A virus, Medicine and Health Sciences, Infectivity, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Multidisciplinary, biology, Viral Load, Infectious Diseases, Viral Enzymes, Medicine, Female, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Research Article, Science, Molecular Sequence Data, Neuraminidase, Microbiology, Viral Attachment, Virus, Dogs, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Evolutionary Biology, Hemagglutination assay, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Biology and Life Sciences, Membrane Proteins, Genetic Variation, Cell Biology, Molecular biology, Influenza, Viral Replication, Sialic acid, Transmembrane Proteins, chemistry, Viral replication, Amino Acid Substitution, biology.protein, Genetic Polymorphism, Population Genetics, Viral Transmission and Infection
Abstract

D222G/N substitutions in A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin may be associated with increased binding of viruses causing low respiratory tract infections and human pathogenesis. We assessed the impact of such substitutions on the balance between hemagglutinin binding and neuraminidase cleavage, viral growth and in vivo virulence.Seven viruses with differing polymorphisms at codon 222 (2 with D, 3 G, 1 N and 1 E) were isolated from patients and characterized with regards hemagglutinin binding affinity (Kd) to α-2,6 sialic acid (SAα-2,6) and SAα-2,3 and neuraminidase enzymatic properties (Km, Ki and Vmax). The hemagglutination assay was used to quantitatively assess the balance between hemagglutinin binding and neuraminidase cleavage. Viral growth properties were compared in vitro in MDCK-SIAT1 cells and in vivo in BALB/c mice. Compared with D222 variants, the binding affinity of G222 variants was greater for SAα-2,3 and lower for SAα-2,6, whereas that of both E222 and N222 variants was greater for both SAα-2,3 and SAα-2,6. Mean neuraminidase activity of D222 variants (16.0 nmol/h/10(6)) was higher than that of G222 (1.7 nmol/h/10(6) viruses) and E/N222 variants (4.4 nmol/h/10(6) viruses). The hemagglutination assay demonstrated a deviation from functional balance by E222 and N222 variants that displayed strong hemagglutinin binding but weak neuraminidase activity. This deviation impaired viral growth in MDCK-SIAT1 cells but not infectivity in mice. All strains but one exhibited low infectious dose in mice (MID50) and replicated to high titers in the lung; this D222 strain exhibited a ten-fold higher MID50 and replicated to low titers. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase balance status had a greater impact on viral replication than hemagglutinin affinity strength, at least in vitro, thus emphasizing the importance of an optimal balance for influenza virus fitness. The mouse model is effective in assessing binding to SAα-2,3 but cannot differentiate SAα-2,3- from SAα-2,6- preference, nor estimate the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase balance in A(H1N1)pdm09 strains.

Published
2014

45. High Sensitivity and Specificity of Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Adults with Bacterial Meningitis

Author

Bernard Tardy, Claude Lambert, C. Venet, Bruno Pozzetto, Fabrice Zeni, Alain Viallon, and Jean-Claude Bertrand

Subjects
Adult, Calcitonin, Male, Microbiology (medical), Adolescent, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Sensitivity and Specificity, Procalcitonin, Meningitis, Bacterial, law.invention, Diagnosis, Differential, Central nervous system disease, Cerebrospinal fluid, law, medicine, Viral meningitis, Humans, Prospective Studies, Protein Precursors, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins, Middle Aged, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, Meningitis, Viral, Infectious Diseases, Gram staining, Immunology, Female, Differential diagnosis, business, Meningitis, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

It was shown in children that serum procalcitonin was the best marker to use to differentiate bacterial from viral meningitis. To evaluate procalcitonin in the diagnosis of acute bacterial and viral meningitis, we conducted a prospective study including adult patients who were suspected of having meningitis and who were admitted to an emergency department. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of procalcitonin were measured in 105 consecutive patients. The diagnosis of meningitis was based on clinical findings, gram staining, culture, and chemical analysis of CSF. Twenty-three patients had bacterial meningitis, 57 had viral meningitis, and 25 did not have meningitis. Bacteriologic and chemical analysis of CSF did not allow correct differentiation of viral from bacterial meningitis. On the other hand, a serum procalcitonin level >0.2 ng/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of up to 100% in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Serum procalcitonin levels seem to be the best marker in differentiating between bacterial and viral meningitis in adults.

Published
1999

46. Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak Due toSerratia marcescensin a Maternity Hospital

Author

Florence Grattard, Frédéric Lucht, Philippe Fargier, Philippe Berthelot, Marie-Claude Frery, Colette Amerger, and Bruno Pozzetto

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Isolation (health care), Epidemiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Hospitals, Maternity, Disease Outbreaks, Serratia Infections, Hygiene, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, medicine, Humans, Infection control, Prospective Studies, Intensive care medicine, Serratia marcescens, Retrospective Studies, media_common, Cross Infection, biology, business.industry, Delivery Rooms, Infant, Newborn, Outbreak, Retrospective cohort study, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Bacteremia, Female, France, business
Abstract

Objectives:To investigate an outbreak ofSerratia marcescensin a maternity hospital (November 1994 to May 1995).Design:Retrospective analysis of epidemiological data and prospective study of systematic bacteriological samples from patients and environment, with genotyping of strains by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.Setting:A private maternity hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.Results:In the neonatal unit, 1 newborn developed a bacteremia, and 36 were colonized in stools with Smarcescens.As the colonization of some newborns was shown to occur only a few hours after delivery, the inquiry was extended to other maternity wards, where 8 babies and 4 mothers were found to be colonized. Environmental sampling led to the isolation of Smarcescensfrom a bottle of enteral feed additive in the neonatal unit and from the transducers of two internal tocographs in the delivery rooms. The genotyping of 27 strains showed two different profiles: a major epidemic profile shared by 22 strains (18 from babies of the neonatal unit, 2 from babies of other units, and 2 from breast milk) and another profile shared by 5 strains (2 from transducers of internal tocographs, 2 from babies, and 1 from a mother). The strain isolated from lipid enteral feeding was not available for typing. Although this source of contamination was removed soon from the neonatal unit, the outbreak stopped only when infection control measures were reinforced in the delivery rooms, including the nonreuse of internal tocographs.Conclusions:In delivery rooms, the quality of hygiene needs to be as high as in surgery rooms to prevent nosocomial colonization or infection of neonates at birth.

Published
1999

47. Humoral immune response within the lung in HIV-1 infection

Author

J. M. Vergnon, R. Tran, Christian Genin, L. Cotte, A. Chamson, A. Boibieux, Frédéric Lucht, J. M. Livrozet, A. Quesnel, P. Moja, Abdelali Jalil, M. Perol, and Bruno Pozzetto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Immunology, Immunoglobulins, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin E, Microbiology, Immune system, Antigen, Immunopathology, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Urea, Immunology and Allergy, Lung, Serum Albumin, Aged, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, virus diseases, Original Articles, Middle Aged, respiratory system, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Antibody Formation, Humoral immunity, HIV-1, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Abstract

SUMMARY In order to study the humoral immune defences in the respiratory tract during HIV-1 infection, we measured the levels, local productions and anti-HIV and antibacterial activities of IgG and IgA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of 61 adult patients with severe HIV infection and of 56 HIV− controls. Albumin was used as the serum transudation factor. The increase of immunoglobulin levels in the serum of HIV-infected patients was confirmed. The IgG level was also increased in epithelial lining fluid (ELF), whereas the total IgA level was unchanged and secretory IgA (SIgA) level was decreased. The ELF/serum immunoglobulin ratios suggested that the IgG present in ELF resulted mainly from transudation, in contrast to SIgA, which was synthesized locally in controls but greatly diminished in HIV-infected patients. IgG to HIV-1 could be detected in BALF of all the patients, but IgA to HIV-1 only in 30% of patients. BAL IgG reacted more consistently and with a broader array of HIV-1 antigens than did IgA. BAL IgA, when present in samples, reacted primarily with viral envelope antigens. Because IgA specificities to some HIV-1 antigens were detected more intensively by BAL than by serum immunoglobulins, we conclude that the mucosal immune response is distinct from that in serum. IgG antibody activity to Streptococcus pneumoniae was decreased in HIV-infected patients' sera, and IgA antibody activities to S. pneumoniae and to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were decreased in ELF in HIV-infected patients.

Published
1997

48. Detection of coxsackievirus B3 in intestinal tissue of orally-infected mice by a standardized RT-PCR assay

Author

Thomas Bourlet, Shabir Omar, Florence Grattard, and Bruno Pozzetto

Subjects
Serial dilution, Coxsackievirus Infections, virus diseases, RNA, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virology, Molecular biology, Intestines, Mice, Tissue culture, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Coxsackievirus b3, Cell culture, medicine, Animals, Enterovirus, Female, RNA extraction
Abstract

Background: Previous studies have reported the role of enteroviruses in chronic diseases, using in-house RT-PCR protocols. A well-standardized PCR assay (Amplicor enterovirus, Produits Roche) designed for the diagnosis of enterovirus meningitis in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) was recently described. Objectives: To evaluate this commercially-available PCR assay for the detection of enterovirus in intestinal biopsies. Study design: In order to obtain large quantities of infected material, eight mice were inoculated orally with 2×105 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of coxsackievirus B3 (CBV3); two mice were sacrificed every day from day 1 to day 4 post-infection. Stool specimens and small bowel fragments were taken from infected animals and controls. Four protocols of RNA extraction from intestinal tissue were compared. Extracted RNA was then tested by the Amplicor assay and by a seminested in-house PCR. Results: The best results were obtained with a commercial reagent using a combination of guanidium thiocyanate and phenol (TRI Reagent, Sigma). This procedure allowed the detection of enteroviral RNA in intestinal samples of 7/8 and 8/8 infected mice by Amplicor assay and seminested PCR, respectively, whereas only five samples were tested positive by conventional cell culture. When tested on serial dilutions of CBV3 mixed with intestinal tissue, a sensitivity of 0.2 TCID50/mg was achieved with both PCR assays. Conclusions: The data demonstrate that the Amplicor enterovirus assay, which is designed to avoid false-positive amplifications, can be used, with a slight modification of the RNA extraction step, for the detection of enterovirus in specimens different from CSF such as intestinal tissue.

Published
1997

49. Autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis

Author

Benoit Guery, Jean-Louis Herrmann, Alexandra Mailles, Stephane LEGRIEL, Jean Paul Stahl, Daniel Terral, Marc Lecuit, Benoit Misset, Eric DENES, Cecile Bebear, Bruno POZZETTO, Sylvie ROGEZ, Francois Ducray, Virginie Prendki, Pierre Clavelou, and Veronique Rogemond

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Adolescent, Hashimoto Disease, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Diagnosis, Differential, Young Adult, medicine, Infectious encephalitis, Prevalence, Humans, Child, Aged, Autoantibodies, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Retrospective Studies, Autoimmune encephalitis, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Diseases, biology, business.industry, Viral encephalitis, Autoantibody, Encephalitis, Arbovirus, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Epidemiologic Studies, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Etiology, biology.protein, Encephalitis, Female, France, Differential diagnosis, Antibody, business
Abstract

Summary Background For 60% of acute febrile encephalitis cases, the cause is unknown. Autoantibodies directed against different synaptic proteins or receptors in patients with autoimmune encephalitis have recently been described and could indicate a differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis. Objective The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the presence of autoantibodies directed against synaptic proteins or receptors in patients with acute febrile encephalitis. Samples were collected in France in 2007 during a national prospective study. Methods A total of 253 patients with acute febrile encephalitis were enrolled in 2007. Clinical data were collected with a standardized questionnaire. When possible, cerebrospinal fluid CSF was collected and stored at −80 °C. A total of 108 CSF samples were available for retrospective autoantibody screening. Among the 108 patients, infectious etiology had been detected in 38 cases (35%); of these 38 patients, 29 (27%) had viral encephalitis, and 9 (8%) had bacterial encephalitis. No specific diagnosis was indicated for the other 70 patients (65%). Autoantibodies were detected using a cell-based assay in which HEK293 cells were transfected with plasmids coding for different synaptic proteins or receptors. Results Two patients had anti-NMDA receptor antibodies (NMDAR-Abs), and all patients were negative for anti-Lgi1, CASPR2, GABABR, AMPAR, and mGluR5 antibodies. The two patients with NMDAR-Abs presented neurological and psychiatric symptoms typical of NMDAR-Abs encephalitis. Conclusions Autoimmune etiology seems to be rare (less than 2%) in patients with acute febrile encephalitis. However, patients should be systematically screened for the presence of NMDAR-Abs, particularly patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms.

Published
2013

50. Potential contribution of saliva to the sexual transmission of HIV through the secretion of CCL20 by genital epithelial cells

Author

Alan Grupioni, Lourenço, Marilena Chinali, Komesu, Alcyone Artioli, Machado, Thomas, Bourlet, Bruno, Pozzetto, and Olivier, Delézay

Subjects
Adult, Male, Chemokine CCL20, Interleukin-1beta, Epithelial Cells, HIV Infections, Dendritic Cells, Middle Aged, Cell Line, Lactoferrin, Young Adult, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Humans, Female, Saliva
Abstract

Saliva can be considered as an important actor during sexual intercourse. However, there is no data concerning its influence on HIV sexual transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of whole saliva on the in vitro secretion of CCL20 by monolayered HEC-1A endocervical epithelium cells. HEC-1A cells were cultivated in 96-well microplates and incubated with specimens of whole saliva collected from 57 subjects tested seropositive (n = 34) or seronegative (n = 23) for HIV and presenting different oral conditions (healthy periodontally, n = 22, and gingivitis/periodontitis, n = 35). The production of CCL20 in the supernatants of HEC-1A cells after overnight incubation at 37°C was quantified using ELISA. The salivary concentration of lactoferrin (Lf) and IL-1β was tested by ELISA. Saliva samples were found able to stimulate dramatically the production of CCL20 by epithelial cells, increasing this synthesis by a mean factor of 38.1 with reference to untreated cells. This stimulation was equivalent to that observed with IL-1β used as positive control. Although no difference was observed according to oral condition, HIV status or salivary concentration of Lf and IL-1β, the high salivary concentration of the latter protein could acknowledge in large part for the overproduction of CCL20 by HEC-1A cells when stimulated by saliva. Saliva was shown to significantly increase CCL20 secretion and may be responsible for an enhanced recruitment of dendritic/Langerhans cells at the genital level. These results suggest that saliva could facilitate HIV entry and possibly other pathogens through the genital mucosa during heterosexual intercourse.

Published
2013

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