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Background and Objectives In the last years, prepectoral breast reconstruction has increased its popularity, becoming a standard reconstructive technique by preserving pectoralis major anatomy and functionality. Nevertheless, the lack of solid and extensive data negatively impacts on surgeons’ correct information about postoperative complication rates and proper patient selection. This study aims to collect the largest evidence on this procedure. Methods A multicentre retrospective audit, promoted by the Barcelona Hospital, collected the experience of 30 centers on prepectoral breast reconstruction with Braxon ADM. The study had the scientific support of INPECS and IIB societies which provided the online database Clinapsis. Results A total of 1450 procedures were retrospectively collected in a 6‐year period. Mean age 52.4 years, BMI 23.9, follow‐up 22.7 months. Reconstruction was carried out after a tumor in 77.1% of the cases, 20.1% had prophylactic surgery, 2.8% had revisions. Diabetes, smoke, and immunosuppression had an influence on complications occurrence, as well as implant weight. Capsular contracture was associated with postoperative radiotherapy, but the overall rate was low (2.1%). Complications led to implant loss in 6.5% of the cases. Conclusions The international Braxon Audit Group multicentre data collection represents a milestone in the field of breast reconstruction, extensively improving the knowledge on this procedure.

Many haemodialysis patients have problems limiting their fluid intake, and this might be influenced by their self-efficacy. Thus interventions to improve patients' self-efficacy might lead to an improvement in their adherence to fluid restriction. The fluid intake appraisal inventory (FIAI) evaluates patients' self-efficacy with regard to fluid intake. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the FIAI for use in the Netherlands. Four translators, seven experts, and four haemodialysis patients participated in the translation part of the study. Thirty-three patients from one dialysis centre in the Netherlands completed the Dutch FIAI. The instrument had good content validity (interdialytic weight gain was found to be negatively correlated with self-efficacy), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.982), and stability (Spearman's rho = 0.823). These findings indicate that the Dutch FIAI can be used in clinical practice as a self-efficacy screening instrument for adult haemodialysis patients on fluid restriction.

To investigate the protective effects of estrogen and progesterone administrations on gastric mucosal barrier of rats applied ovariectomy, cold and immobility stress.Seventy female Wistar rats, obtained from Medical Science Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Turkey on the year 2004, were divided into 10 separate groups (n=7). Nothing was applied to the animals of Group 1 (control); bilateral ovariectomy was performed on the animals of the Groups 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Groups 5 and 6 was applied 5 mg/kg 17beta-estradiol and groups 7 and 8 was applied 10 mg/kg progesterone for 7 days. The animals in the Groups 9 and 10 were applied 2.5 mg/kg 17beta-estradiol and 5 mg/kg progesterone during 7 days. The animals in the groups 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were exposed to cold and immobility stress for 4 hours at 4degrees celsius.The levels of mucus and phospholipids were decreased in the rats applied ovariectomy and stress as compared to the control groups (p0.001). The increase determined the mucus and phospholipids levels in estrogen and progesterone administered rats as compared to stress applied group (p0.001). While the cold and immobility stress causes important damages in gastric mucosa, estrogen and progesterone administrations has protective effects in ovariectomized rats.The estrogen and progesterone administration prevents the stress that caused decrease in the levels of mucus and phospholipids, thus females are more resistant to gastric ulcer rather than males due to their sex hormones.

To determine the effect of flutamide on vaginal histology, and to ascertain whether flutamide regulates body weight gain in the ovariectomized rat model.We chose 36 sexually mature female Wistar-Albino rats in this study. The study took placed in the Department of Medical Science Application and Research Center of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey, in 2002. We divided the model rats into 3 groups: group 1--control group, group 2--sham-operated group and group 3--bilaterally ovariectomized group. In addition, we gave flutamide to group 3.We found that the body weight was higher in the ovariectomized rats than the control rats. Furthermore, the body weight decreased a little after flutamide therapy. The thickness in the vaginal epithelium of the control group decreased, moreover, the appearance of stromal tissue was rather loose. After flutamide applications, infiltration of the stromal cells increased, the vaginal epithelial layer thickened and became keratinized. Microscopic papillae and anatomical processes appeared in the flutamide treated group.We observed that the antiandrogen drug flutamide is hormonally active and may exhibit estrogenic-antiestrogenic activity in rats. Our study may be a source for further research examining the relationship between the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide and reproductive function in female rats.

To determine the effect of estrogen on adrenal gland histology, and to ascertain whether or not estrogen regulates body and adrenal gland wet weight gain in the ovariectomized rat model. Two experiments investigated the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the body and adrenal gland weight.We used 36 female Wistar Albino rats in this study. The study took placed in the Department of Medical Science Application and Research Center of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey, in 2002. Group 1 (control group) received no ovariectomy; all animals in the other groups were bilaterally ovariectomized and kept for 60 days. We designated group 2 and 3 as sham-operated group and bilaterally ovariectomized then in addition, group 3 received estradiol. We then cut the paraffin sections, which we obtained by routine histologic methods, into 5 mm and stained them with hematoxylin-eosin. We later evaluated the stained sections under a light microscope.The body weight was higher in the ovariectomized rats compared to the control groups. Ovariectomy did not result in significant changes in the wet weight of the adrenal gland. Furthermore, body weight increased after estrogen therapy, and the wet weight of the adrenal gland increased in the estrogen group. It was obtained in the sham-operated group that ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the activity of the adrenal cortex. In the sham-operated and estrogen group, we observed a prominent capsule, expanded zona glomerulosa cells, regular parallel columns in zona fasciculata and there was an increased vascularization in the medulla, after the estrogen treatment.We determined that bilateral ovariectomy can result in a decrease in the activity of the adrenal cortex. In contrast, estradiol injection can cause a significant increase in the activity of the adrenal cortex and medulla.