Search

During pregnancy the mother's body requires an adequate balance of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to support both her own health and the development of the fetus. Incorporating a variety of foods in the diet ensures that diverse nutritional requirements are met, which is vital for preventing deficiencies that could hinder the growth and development of the newborn. A well-balanced diet not only aids in the physical growth of the fetus but also in its cognitive and neurological development. This becomes particularly crucial during the early stages of central nervous system formation, starting from the first weeks of pregnancy. Maternal nutrition directly influences the cognitive development of the child. Essential nutrients like folic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and iodine play a key role in the proper development of the brain and nervous system. A deficiency in these nutrients can result in cognitive developmental issues, such as learning difficulties or impaired intellectual growth. Inadequate or imbalanced maternal nutrition may compromise the child's brain development, emphasizing the need for education and access to appropriate nutrition during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Investigación en Educación is the property of Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: There is a close relationship between mental health and eating styles. Mental health indicators such as anxious and depressive symptomatology have reported direct effects on eating styles that promote excess malnutrition such as emotional or restrictive eating. The aim was to analyze the effect of anxious and depressive symptomatology on eating styles in women and men from northern and central Chile. Method: Nine hundred and ten adults living in northern and central Chile participated in the study. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were administered. The analysis of the global model of the relationship between variables was carried out using structural equation modeling. Results: The structural model presented adequate goodness-of-fit indicators, anxious symptomatology had a direct and significant effect on emotional eating, external eating and restrictive eating. On the other hand, depressive symptomatology, did not present significant effects on any eating style. Conclusions: As anxiety levels increase, levels of all eating styles increase. Depression, could interact mediating the relationship by the emotional context that generates the depressive symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Identify edible insects of the Otomí-Tepehua region and analyze their nutritional contribution. Methodology: To identify insect species with local gastronomic importance, sampling was carried out in the Otomí-Tepehua region, Hidalgo, Mexico. During the year 2022, direct collections of edible insects were carried out on corn plants, anthills and bodies of fresh water. 62 samples of chicatana ants, 32 of edible aquatic larvae and 19 of grasshoppers were obtained, placing them in vials with 96% ethanol for preservation and identification. The specimens were taxonomically identified as Atta mexicana (n=34/62), Atta cephalotes (n=28/62), Corydalus sp. (n=32) and Sphenarium sp. (n=19). Results: Reveal high incidence and availability of edible insects in the study region, which predominated in the spring-summer season by showing greater nutritional, ecological and economic importance. Limitations: The consumption of insects is limited by a cultural component, since entomophagy as an eating habit is inherited ancestrally. Conclusions: The four species of insects identified complement the diet of rural inhabitants in the Otomí-Tepehua region, being relevant for food sovereignty and local gastronomic diversity by providing proteins, ethereal fats, carbohydrates, fiber and some vitamins; However, its consumption is low because it is an ethnocultural component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief, non-exhaustive essay, we review major adaptive changes in reproductive and developmental traits of decapod crustaceans, which have passed through evolutionary transitions from ancestral life in coastal marine environments to brackish, limnic, polar, or deep-sea habitats. Two major approaches can be recognised in studies of life-history evolution, focussing on: (1) developmental changes in adaptive physiological or biochemical traits of successive ontogenetic stages, comparing, for instance, osmoregulatory capabilities in larvae, juveniles, and adults ("ontogeny of adaptations" perspective); (2) adaptive changes in the modes of reproduction and development, e.g., enhanced maternal energy investment in egg production, abbreviated, non-feeding larval development ("adaptations in ontogeny"). Using both scientific approaches, Christoph D. Schubart has significantly contributed to our understanding of evolutionary transitions in crustaceans. In our essay, we pay particular attention to the significance of nutritional selection factors in relation to presumably adaptive developmental, physiological, and biochemical traits in different life-history stages. In this context, we highlight the key roles of lipids and carotenoid pigments, in particular of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and astaxanthin. While PUFAs and other lipid compounds have received wide scientific attention, we propose that future studies should further analyse also the potential role of astaxanthin and other essential carotenoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the nutritional composition of duckweed (DW) (Lemna minor) and water hyacinth (WH) (Eichhornia crassipes) and its effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter (%, ADDM), apparent digestibility of crude protein (%, ADCP) and the apparent digestibility of the crude lipid (%, ADCL) in the nutrition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Material and methods. The DW and WH were used to formulate nine isoproteic (32.47%), isolipidic (5.46%) and isoenergetic (16.45 MJ kg-1) diets, with three replicates and 15 male tilapia (36.36± 1.16 g) per repetition: 0% (T0); 10% (T10); 15% (T15); 20% (T20) and 25% (T25), respectively random. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Results. The crude protein (%) of the WH and the DW, were 21.72% and 27.37% (p<0.05), respectively. Fish fed with WH and DW, up to 10 and 15% inclusion in the diet, respectively, did not show significant differences (p>0.05) for ADDM. However, for ADCP and ADCL, up to 15 and 20%, respectively, significant differences (p>0.05) were not observed. Conclusions. Water hyacinth and duckweed meals were an alternative vegetable protein source, which can partially replace soybean meal and cornmeal in tilapia diets. The PCA suggests that the control diet, 10% WH, 10-15% DW, showed the best results in terms of the apparent digestibility of the nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Malnutrition is an inpatient complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality, modifiable by improving nutritional intake. For this, it is essential to know the patient’s satisfaction regarding intra-hospital feeding. Currently there is no validated and adapted tool for the Chilean population to evaluate this area. Aim: to develop a cross-cultural adaptation of the validated ACHFPSQ questionnaire, which has shown to be capable of identifying aspects to improve in the quality and planning of intrahospital feeding and applying corrective measures based on its observations with a positive impact on the food service. Materials and methods: The methodology of this process, applied in an internal forum between the authors, was based on a series of translations from the original language and reverse into Chilean Spanish that were unified in a consensus instrument with which a pilot test was carried out in 30 patients. After this test, the respondents’ suggestions were collected to apply modifications and a quality control for cross-cultural adaptations to define the final version of the instrument. Results: the authors’ forum evaluated the translations positively, having to apply a single explanatory modification to the instrument. In the pilot test, 93% required assistance to complete the survey. Only two respondents made suggestions, with no impact on the final instrument. Discussion and conclusion: the questionnaire becomes a new tool available to evaluate service quality standards and other nutritional indicators, allowing to objectify the impact of possible changes in food services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of cultural and family variables is relevant for the development of food preferences and habits, especially during school age. In Chile, the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight reaches 44.5%. Objective: to compare beliefs about obesity and children's nutrition among caregivers of Mapuche and non-Mapuche children. Materials and method: a phenomenographic qualitative study, in which semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection instrument, involving 26 primary caregivers of first to fourth grade students from two municipalities in centralsouthern Chile. Results: similarities were found in the core knowledge and beliefs about obesity and nutrition between Mapuche and non-Mapuche groups. However, there are particularities in the experience of secondary elements, such as the belief among the Mapuche group that children need more food than what is provided at schools, or the perception of having greater access to processed foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a worldwide trend of increasing rates of overweight and obesity in children under 5 years of age. Mothers' beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes towards feeding practices and obesity have direct implications on their children's health. Aim: To explore beliefs about feeding practices and childhood obesity among mothers with children under five years of age in northwestern Mexico. Methodology: Qualitative study with ethnographic approach. Using purposive sampling, nine semistructured interviews were conducted with women with an average of 12 years of education. Results: Beliefs included insecurity in assuming the role of mother, a low perception of family support, and beliefs that were not aligned with the recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding and introduction of complementary foods. In addition, these held the belief that obesity is not a problem due to the young age of their children. Conclusions: There is ambivalence between the participants' beliefs and their practices regarding feeding and childhood obesity. It is imperative to develop education and communication strategies that provide evidence-based information that is easily accessible and available to mothers to prevent nutrition problems during early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Paradigmas Socio-Humanísticos is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Juan N. Corpas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroindustria, Sociedad y Ambiente is the property of Revista Cientifica Agroindustria, Sociedad y Ambiente, ASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study shows the abundance of contamination by microplastics (MPs) and the first record of contamination by MPs in bats. Additionally, we tried to understand the mechanism of the environmental contamination of bats. Therefore, the digestive and respiratory tracts from 81 adult bats belonging to 25 species were extracted for analysis. Bats were captured in different locations in the Brazilian Amazon (Altamira, Bragança, Brasil Novo, Medicilândia, Nova Timboteua, Placas, São Félix do Xingu, Uruará and Vitória do Xingu, all in the state of Pará). The results showed that all species were contaminated with MPs in at least one of the analyzed systems. For the digestive system, the form of contamination occurs through bioaccumulation and biomagnification by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. In the case of the respiratory system, contamination occurs through the inhalation of MPs suspended in the atmospheric air. The different foraging characteristics of bats, the type of capture strategy for this food, and the type of habitat reinforce the idea that plastic contaminants are present in all environments. Este estudio muestra la abundancia de contaminación por microplásticos (MP) y el primer registro de contaminación por PM en murciélagos. Además, intentamos comprender el mecanismo de contaminación ambiental de los murciélagos. Por lo tanto, se extrajeron para su análisis los tractos digestivo y respiratorio de 81 murciélagos adultos de 25 especies. Los murciélagos fueron capturados en diferentes localidades de la Amazonía brasileña (Altamira, Bragança, Brasil Novo, Medicilândia, Nova Timboteua, Placas, São Félix do Xingu, Uruará y Vitória do Xingu, todos en el estado de Pará). Los resultados mostraron que todas las especies estaban contaminadas con PM en al menos uno de los sistemas analizados. Para el sistema digestivo, la forma de contaminación se produce por bioacumulación y biomagnificación por la ingestión de alimentos o agua contaminados. Mientras que para el sistema respiratorio, la contaminación se produce por la inhalación de PM suspendidas en el aire atmosférico. Las diferentes características de alimentación de los murciélagos, el tipo de estrategia de captura de este alimento y el tipo de hábitat refuerzan la idea de que los contaminantes plásticos están presentes en todos los entornos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: excess weight in childhood is influenced by multiple factors; parenting could contribute to this problem, given that during the infant stage the parents, and mainly the mother, are responsible for providing food and feeding their children. Objective: to explore the relationship of parenting stress and maternal feeding styles with preschool BMI. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. A total of 382 dyads, mother and child (3-5 years of age) participated. The children attended public preschool institutions. Participating mothers completed the Parenting Stress Scale and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and the child’s BMI was calculated. Results: 34 % of the mothers more frequently used an indulgent style, 28.2 % of the preschool children had overweight-obese. Mothers with an authoritative style had the highest mean range of parenting stress compared to other categories (H = 15.302, gl = 3, p = 0.002). Maternal schooling, responsibility and demand dimensions were identified as contributing to preschooler BMI. Conclusion: parenting stress and feeding styles are variables that contribute to the risk of overweight-obesity in preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior and performance of steers in two different housing areas (10 vs. 100 m2/animal) and two feeding models (daily supply vs. selffeeding) during the fattening period. Materials and methods: Forty-eight Hereford steers with initial live weight (LW): 214,0 kg were housed under four treatments: 100DS (100 m2/animal and daily supply), 100SF (100 m2/animal and self-feeding), 10DS (10 m2/animal and daily supply), 10SF (10 m2/animal and self-feeding) until reaching a final LW of 370 - 390 kg. Behavior was recorded by observation. Dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were recorded to estimate feed conversion ratio (FCR). Back fat thickness (BFT) and Longissimus muscle area (LMA) were measured. Steers were sent to a commercial abattoir to evaluate carcass yield. Results: The frequency of rest and walking was higher in steers in the largest housing area. Selffeeding contributed to the intake distribution during the day. No differences were detected in DMI, ADG and FCR. However, the confined animals (10DS and 10SF) produced more BFT and less LMA. In addition, they had less carcass yield at slaughter. Conclusions: Therefore, a larger housing area and the self-feeding model could contribute to express steers' natural behavior and improve their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kwashiorkor syndrome is characterized by protein malnutrition and edema, risk factors are recent weaning, infections, and diets based on corn and rice. This malnutrition can lead to skin manifestations such as thin, dry skin, hyperpigmentation, confluent areas of scaling, dry, hypopigmented, and detachable hair, as well as erosive dermatitis, predominantly in skin folds. The diagnosis is based on a nutritional evaluation exam, physical examination and laboratory finding, the treatment is based on early nutritional rehabilitation. Clinical case: 8-month-old female infant who attended the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, presenting a scaling dermatosis of 1 month's evolution that was treated with topical ketoconazole. The mother reported exclusive feeding with corn gruel due to the diagnosis of "lactose allergy" and commented not enough resources to buy hydrolyzed formula. The patient presented a disseminated dermatosis to all body segments, characterized by well-defined, irregularly shaped, hyperpigmented plaques with scaling in thick sheets in the perioral region and extremities, as well as areas of eroded skin and paleness and edema of extremities. Laboratory tests were taken, where anemia (Hb 11.2 g/dl) and hypoal- buminemia (3.3 g/dl) were documented, the diagnosis of kwashiorkor syndrome was integrated. The clinical and laboratory findings were reported to the Gastroenterology and Nutrition service, who performed a nutritional assessment, and began nutritional treatment, emollients and general skin care were documented; twenty days later, the dermatosis and edema had subsided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: animal production systems in Colombia have been characterized by the poor availability and quality of forage, in areas such as the foothills of the plains, due to the edaphological and climatic conditions of these zones. Knowledge gap: the basis of sheep feeding is grass, although multiple factors interfere in the use and quality of nutrients. This is why it is necessary to investigate these matters and determine which are the adequate supplements to fulfill the requirements of the animal, and therefore improve their productive performance. Purpose: to analyze the nutritional contribution of a supplement to the diet of grazing sheep fed with Brachiaria spp, evaluating the productive performance and blood biochemistry of them. Methodology: the design was completely randomized with the Tukey comparison test. A total of 12 sheep were used, crossbreeds between creole and Pelibuey, with an average weight of 20.05 ± 1.0 kg. The animals were fed using grass with Brachiaria spp. and a supplementation with 100 g of commercial balanced food. The treatments were: T1: 600 g of corn silage [EMA], T2: 200 g EMA and 100 g palm kernel, T3: 400 g EMA and 100 g of wheat bran, and T4: 400 g EMA + 200 g of Tithonia diversifolia silage. The chemical quality of the food supplied and the soil where the sheep grazed were analyzed. The variables evaluated were weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and conversion, protein efficiency ratio and blood biochemistry. Results and conclusions: in T2, the lowest [P < 0.05] daily weight gain and final weight was obtained related to T1 [234.4 and 33.6 Vs 263.6 g and 36.3 kg respectively] as well as the lowest consumption of dry matter [1678.1 Vs 1815.8 g respectively]). The other treatments had a similar behavior [P > 0.05] in the total consumption of dry matter and protein. Serum concentrations of protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and calcium were similar [P > 0.05] before and after treatments, while the serum magnesium concentration after supplementation was higher [P < 0.05] in T4 related to T1 and T2. Supplements such as EMA, palm kernel, wheat bran and buttercup silage have a positive effect on sheep fed with grass and Brachiaria spp. in terms of dry matter intake, weight gain and feed conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Educa UMCH is the property of Universidad Marcelino Champagnat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Solid-state fermented apple pomace (AP-SSF) enriched with non-nitrogen protein has been studied as an alternative ingredient for feeding dairy cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of AP-SSF in the feeding of dairy cows in early lactation on the yield and quality of milk, microbial contamination, and ruminal fermentation parameters, as well as the concentration of ammonia and the number of protozoa. Twenty Holstein cows were used, 20 of 660 kg on average, with 2-4 lactations and an average of 89 days in milk. Two groups were formed with ten cows each, randomly distributed to form a 2 x 2 Latin square with standard periods. Experiment diets were formulated with traditional ingredients, and one of them was added AP-SSF. Rations were gradually incorporated, giving ten days for adaptation and another 20 days for sampling. In lactose and production variables, no difference was statistically significant (P> 0.05) in milk fat and protein differences (P < 0.05) in the first component for the control treatment and the second toward treatment, as AP-SSF succeeded in increasing the percentage of milk fat. For Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Total coliform differences (P < 0.05) in favor of the treatment were achieved AP-SSF and decreased the CFU / mL for Salmonella sp. while there was no difference (P > 0.05). Volatile fatty acids showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) for Acetic, Propionic, and Butyric acids. AP-SSF treatment for the rest of the parameters ruminal pH, ammonia, and protozoa did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments. Concluded that it is possible to incorporate AP-SSF as a protein ingredient in diets of dairy cows in early lactation because some variables improved and showed no adverse effects in any of the variables evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of E-balonmano.com: Journal of Sports Science / Revista de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Federacion Extremena de Balonmano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The wide use of social networks by the population has led to the emergence of influencers. Within the gastronomy sector there are two types of digital opinion leaders: foodies and those concerned with healthy food. To compare the communication that these two profiles types carry out on Instagram, a content analysis of 339 publications made by the most important gastronomic instagramers in Spain is performed. The results show that their communication strategies differ and that the followers of the healthy profiles are the most active and interactive ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (00912131) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim was to determine the relationship between the perception of health, loneliness, happiness and body image according to the type of breakfast during the state of alarm decreed by the COVID-19 in primary schoolchildren. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 116 Spanish schoolchildren. Perceptions of health, loneliness, happiness and body image were assessed using four items from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. The items referring to breakfast were extracted from the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents questionnaire. After inferential analysis, it was observed that eating a cereal or derivative for breakfast was associated with a higher perception of health (OR = 1.45; p = 0.021), happiness (OR = 1.57; p = 0.002), body image (OR = 1.70; p = 0.006), and lower perception of loneliness (OR = 1.74; p = 0.002). This association was maintained after adjustment for body image with the exception of health perception (OR = 1.53, p = 0.156). In conclusion, eating a cereal or derivative for breakfast may be related to a higher perception of health, happiness, body image, and lower perception of loneliness in primary school children.

Objective. To explore the processes that define eating practices related to high levels of excess weight, from the perspective of family dynamics. Methods. Based on a microanalysis, 14 in-depth interviews with mothers from two socioeconomic strata in the south of Mexico City were analyzed. It was identified that the intake of boys and girls does not depend only on what mothers provide, other family members intervene, and crucially, fathers when providing food that seeks to demonstrate affection or economic well-being. Conclusions. The distribution of domestic and extra-domestic work as well as the family life affect what the schoolchildren consume at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, ecosystems are very deteriorated and large amounts of agrochemicals are applied to food for human consumption, which causes environmental and health problems in the society that consumes a diet based on food with agrochemicals, so a process of reflection-action about the use of agroecosystem services and build sustainable agrifood strategies in agricultural production systems. Agroecosystems constitute domesticated production units and interaction of all its components to generate flows of matter and energy. The sustainable appropriation of agroecosystems generates a healthy production of food that will improve people's health and protect the environment. The objective of the study was to identify and analyze sustainable agri-food strategies in the Frailesca region, Chiapas in the face of environmental deterioration of biosphere ecosystems. Through tours with instruments of geographic information systems, surveys and semi-structured interviews, we worked with peasant families that develop agroecological practices. The information obtained was organized, systematized and analyzed in Microsoft Access and the SAS version 27 software. Four sustainable strategies developed by peasant families, who use various agroecological fertilizers for production in the four micro-regions of the municipality of Villaflores, were identified and analyzed. Of the strategies mostly practiced by peasant families, there is corn interspersed with fruit trees, family gardens and agrosilvopastoral systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A problem frequently reported by caregivers of children is food-refusal behavior. Evidence shows that this problem worsens in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In Mexico, the prevalence of these problems in this population is unknown. Objective. To conduct an exploratory and descriptive study of the prevalence and characteristics of eating behavior in children diagnosed with ASD. Method. Caregivers of children diagnosed with ASD answered a questionnaire expressly designed to collect information on difficult and problematic behaviors during mealtime, feeding practices, food preferences, medical information, food consumption by the family and children and socio-demographic data. Results. Showed that 62.2% of children presented eating behavior problems at mealtime. The most frequent were leaving the table and food refusal. Children with behavior problems ate less food than children without behavior problems. Results also revealed a correlation between the number of foods consumed by the family and the child. Discussion. The main findings of this study represent an initial approximation to the evaluation of pediatric feeding problems in children with ASD in a Mexican population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock feeding is the most important cost in animal production. The objective of this research is to compare the drying methods on different forages for obtaining dried matter, convection oven (CO) and microwave oven (MO), and the effect of each method on the nutritional composition of each forage. Six types of forages, commonly used in animal production, were studied: yellow hard corn (YC) (Zea mays), soybean paste (SP) (Glycine max L.), banana reject (BR) (Musa × paradisiaca), corn silage (CS), alfalfa (AL) (Medicago sativa) and perenial ryegrass (PR) (Lolium perenne). 40 samples of each forage were analized, each forage was dried using CO and MO, and the dried matter content was estimated, then a bromatological analysis was done. Crude protein (Cp), ethereal extract (EE), crude fiber (Cf) and ashes. A variance analysis and tukey test (p<0.05) were used to determine differences between means. Results show that differences (p<0.05) exist in the content of DM, being that MO reaches the highest level of DM in YC, SP, BR and AL, the PR had higher values with the CO while in the CS the content of DM does not vary with the drying methods. The drying methods had incidence on the chemical composition of forages, for example of the six forages analized in the Cp differences were observed in 5, Cf in 3, EE in 1 and ashes in 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective: Obesity rates are reaching alarming levels. Adolescence is a critical period for the prevention of nutritional problems, as it is a time of development of one's own eating habits. These habits will persist into adulthood, so showing adolescents healthy lifestyle patterns is important. The ideal option would be through school-based nutrition intervention programmes. The main objective of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of intervention programmes based on nutritional knowledge and the behaviour of adolescents aged 11-19 years. Method: To carry out this systematic review we employed Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as databases and a search period that spanned the last 10 years, following the PRISMA statement. Subsequent to the search, 110 articles were found. Finally, 19 articles were selected for in-depth analysis after a thorough screening. Results: The results show that, in general, intervention programmes have improved the nutritional knowledge of high school students, which means an improvement in their eating behaviours. In addition, these programmes increase their levels of physical activity. However, gender differences are observed, with girls being more concerned about maintaining a balanced diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, schools are an ideal environment for developing programmes that interfere in adolescent eating behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research preliminary analyzes the various strategic and logistical factors of the supply, use and functions of food in the Mexica military campaigns during their imperial stage. The research is based on the models of Military History, as well as the Anthropology of food, with the analysis of various research sources, such as the written sources of the 16th Century, iconographic sources, and nutritional sciences, which allows an interpretation and reflection on the food needs of the Mexica empire in warlike contexts, and all that this represented in terms of supply, transportation, equipment, food preparation and consumption, added to an initial reflection in terms of the meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health authorities recommend exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age and continued breastfeeding (BF) until two years. Objective: To conduct a narrative review of the effects of social support on maternal distress and BF. Method: A narrative and non-systematic review was conducted, selecting articles from the literature in PubMed, Redalyc, BVS, and from websites of organisations such as WHO and UNICEF. Results: The results show that low social support is associated with increased maternal stress and affects the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding. Social support acts to reduce stress levels. Conclusion: Social support is a factor to be considered as a strategy to reduce maternal stress and promote BF. It is necessary to emphasise the role of healthcare teams in promoting BF, especially among single-parent mothers, by providing social support and breastfeeding education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Textual is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of TECHNO Review is the property of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualización en Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Currently, speech therapists in Colombia do not have standardized tests that allow them to clearly establish the right time to start oral feeding of the newborn; For this reason, the international test POFRAS (Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale), could be of great help in this evaluation process if it is validated in this country. OBJECTIVE: To establish the interobserver reliability of the POFRAS instrument, in the evaluation of the initiation of oral feeding in premature infants, in the NICU of Hospital San José. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative descriptive concordance study, in which 2 speech therapists participated from the San José de Popayán Hospital participated, evaluating twenty premature infants, selected by non-probabilistic sampling, with prior establishment of ethical aspects. RESULTS: An agreement proportion of 74% was obtained, indicating a good coincidence between the two evaluators in the rating of the items in premature infants. To determine concordance, weighted Kappa was used in each item; it was found in the evaluation of behavioral organization, the general tone with value k=0, 76, state of consciousness k=0, 53 and global posture k=0, 51, with an excellent and good concordance. In oral reflexes, sucking reflex was k=0, 74, rooting reflex k=0, 59, bite k=0, 55 and gag k=0, 57; here the concordance was good. In non-nutritive sucking and in signs of stress, the kappa values showed good agreement. In oral posture, a concordance with values regular was observed. The Kappa Coefficient of the instrument was k=0, 52 classified as "good" concordance. CONCLUSION: The POFRAS test has a "good" reliability to establish the initiation of oral feeding in the neonatal population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study seeks to analyze nutritional statuses in a sample population aged 10 to 12 years after the effects of COVID-19. When measuring BMI, trends towards overweight and obesity are shown in relation to the WHO scales. We found levels of cardiovascular endurance, speed and agility in relation to nutritional statuses. The conclusions corroborate the contributions of the studies and the WHO itself on the care of these health factors as biomarkers of the physical condition of the subjects and of disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in balanced feed for production animals. Therefore, research on this topic seeks to reduce the economic impact on poultry farming. Objective: To evaluate the inclusion of protease produced by fermentation with Aspergillus niger in the feed of broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days, focusing on productive performance. Methods: The study was carried out at the Experimentation Unit in Palmira-Colombia, located in a thermally warm region at 1,000 meters above sea level. 960 one-day-old Cobb 500 chickens were used, grouped into 5 treatments: two control diets with a reduction in protein content by 3% (LP3) and 6% (LP6) of the birds' requirements and three diets with inclusion of protease (50, 100, 150 ppm) based on LP6, each with 8 repetitions of 24 animals per replicate, the productive performance of the birds was evaluated by analyzing live weight, feed consumption and conversion rate. Result and Discussion: When evaluating weight gain, it was observed that the birds that received the diets with 50 and 100 ppm of protease had a weight gain equal to the birds that received the diet with -3% protein, and greater than the birds that received the diet with -6% protein and those that received the diet with 150 ppm of protease. Regarding food consumption and weight gain, no differences were observed between treatments. The use of up to 100 ppm of protease in diets with 6% protein reduction can increase weight gain in broilers from 1 to 42 days, because proteases play an important role in physiological processes such as protein degradation, cell division and turnover, promoting intestinal health and reducing the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion: Supplementing with serine protease at up to 100 ppm in diets with less than 6% protein improves weight gain of birds and can reduce production costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productive performance of Clarias gariepinus small fish, feeding with reduced protein and similar energy concentration was evaluated. A total of 360 animals were random distributed according to a one-way model in three treatments, with three repetitions. The experimental treatments were: D1 control) 60 % of fish meal (47.89 % CP and 14.04 MJ/kg DE), D2) 51 % of fish meal (44.71 % CP and 13.62 MJ/kg) and D3) 42 % of fish meal (41.08 % CP and 13.54 MJ/kg DE), supplied at 10 % of body weight for 40 days. There were differences in the supply of crude protein (8.25, 7.56 and 6.67 g), which only affected the final weight of the fish in the D3 treatment (14.89, 14.61 and 13.46 g). However, feed conversion (1.24, 1.25 and 1.29) and survival (89.17, 86.67 and 85.83%) did not differ between treatments and protein efficiency improved (1.69, 1.80 and 1.87). The economic analysis showed monetary savings for feeding of $US 162.09 and 268.00/t, by reducing the concentrations of crude protein in the rations. It is concluded that the productive performance of Clarias gariepinus small fish, feeding with reduced protein and similar energy concentration, is not compromised and has a positive economic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]