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This dataset is composed of correlated audio recordings and labels of ingestive jaw movements performed during grazing by dairy cattle. Using a wireless microphone, we recorded sounds of three Holstein dairy cows grazing short and tall alfalfa and short and tall fescue. Two experts in grazing behavior identified and labeled the start, end, and type of each jaw movement: bite, chew, and chew-bite (compound movement). For each segment of raw audio corresponding to a jaw movement we computed four well-known features: amplitude, duration, zero crossings, and envelope symmetry. These features are in the dataset and can be used as inputs to build automated methods for classification of ingestive jaw movements. Cow's grazing behavior can be monitored and characterized by identifying and analyzing these masticatory events.

Motivation MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA sequences with key roles in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level in different species. Accurate prediction of novel miRNAs is needed due to their importance in many biological processes and their associations with complicated diseases in humans. Many machine learning approaches were proposed in the last decade for this purpose, but requiring handcrafted features extraction to identify possible de novo miRNAs. More recently, the emergence of deep learning (DL) has allowed the automatic feature extraction, learning relevant representations by themselves. However, the state-of-art deep models require complex pre-processing of the input sequences and prediction of their secondary structure to reach an acceptable performance. Results In this work, we present miRe2e, the first full end-to-end DL model for pre-miRNA prediction. This model is based on Transformers, a neural architecture that uses attention mechanisms to infer global dependencies between inputs and outputs. It is capable of receiving the raw genome-wide data as input, without any pre-processing nor feature engineering. After a training stage with known pre-miRNAs, hairpin and non-harpin sequences, it can identify all the pre-miRNA sequences within a genome. The model has been validated through several experimental setups using the human genome, and it was compared with state-of-the-art algorithms obtaining 10 times better performance. Availability and implementation Webdemo available at https://sinc.unl.edu.ar/web-demo/miRe2e/ and source code available for download at https://github.com/sinc-lab/miRe2e. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unobtrusive activity monitoring can provide valuable information for medical and sports applications. In recent years, human activity recognition has moved to wearable sensors to deal with unconstrained scenarios. Accelerometers are the preferred sensors due to their simplicity and availability. Previous studies have examined several classic techniques for extracting features from acceleration signals, including time-domain, time-frequency, frequency-domain, and other heuristic features. Spectral and temporal features are the preferred ones and they are generally computed from acceleration components, leaving the acceleration magnitude potential unexplored. In this study, a new type of feature extraction stage, based on homomorphic analysis, is proposed in order to exploit discriminative activity information present in acceleration signals. Homomorphic analysis can isolate the information about whole body dynamics and translate it into a compact representation, called cepstral coefficients. Experiments have explored several configurations of the proposed features, including size of representation, signals to be used, and fusion with other features. Cepstral features computed from acceleration magnitude obtained one of the highest recognition rates. In addition, a beneficial contribution was found when time-domain and moving pace information was included in the feature vector. Overall, the proposed system achieved a recognition rate of 91.21% on the publicly available SCUT-NAA dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest recognition rate on this dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Dimensional reduction is a widely used technique for exploratory analysis of large volume of data. In biological datasets, each object is described by a large number of variables (or dimensions) and it is crucial to perform their analyses in a smaller space, to extract useful information. Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) have been recently proposed in systems biology as a useful tool for exploratory analysis, data integration and discovery of new relationships in *omics datasets. SOMs have been traditionally used for clustering in several data mining problems, mainly due to their ability to preserve input data topology and reduce a high dimensional input space into a 2-D map. In spite of this, the above-mentioned dimensional reduction can lead to counterintuitive results. Sometimes, maps having almost the same size, trained on the same dataset, and with identical learning algorithms and parameters, may find different clusters. However, one would expect that small changes in map sizes or another training condition would not result in an abrupt different location of any of the grouped patterns. The aim of this work is to analyze and explain this issue through a real case study involving transcriptomic and metabolomic data, since it might have an important impact when interpreting clustering results over a biological dataset. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

miRNAfe is a comprehensive tool to extract features from RNA sequences. It is freely available as a web service, allowing a single access point to almost all state-of-the-art feature extraction methods used today in a variety of works from different authors. It has a very simple user interface, where the user only needs to load a file containing the input sequences and select the features to extract. As a result, the user obtains a text file with the features extracted, which can be used to analyze the sequences or as input to a miRNA prediction software. The tool can calculate up to 80 features where many of them are multidimensional arrays. In order to simplify the web interface, the features have been divided into six pre-defined groups, each one providing information about: primary sequence, secondary structure, thermodynamic stability, statistical stability, conservation between genomes of different species and substrings analysis of the sequences. Additionally, pre-trained classifiers are provided for prediction in different species. All algorithms to extract the features have been validated, comparing the results with the ones obtained from software of the original authors. The source code is freely available for academic use under GPL license at http://sourceforge.net/projects/sourcesinc/files/mirnafe/0.90/ . A user-friendly access is provided as web interface at http://fich.unl.edu.ar/sinc/web-demo/mirnafe/ . A more configurable web interface can be accessed at http://fich.unl.edu.ar/sinc/web-demo/mirnafe-full/ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]