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Acorns are commonly used to meet energy, protein, and mineral needs of livestock in various parts of the world. However, since acorns have quite a high moisture content at harvest, they should be stored as dried to prevent loss of nutrients and spoilage throughout storage periods. The aim of this study is to determine the drying kinetics, color, energy aspects, crude protein, crude ash, crude oil, fatty acid composition, ADF, NDF, condensed tannin, and mineral composition properties of acorns dried at gradually increasing drying temperatures. Drying processes were carried out in an air-convective dryer at temperatures of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 °C. The Logistic model was identified as the best model for describing current drying conditions. Increasing drying temperatures reduced L* (lightness) values and increased thermal efficiency and effective moisture diffusion values. In terms of energy efficiency, the best outcomes were achieved at 80 °C and 120 °C drying temperatures. Drying temperatures had highly significant effects on nutritional traits of acorn samples. Increasing drying temperatures increased fiber content, gas-methane production, and energy values and reduced crude protein and oil contents. Some minerals decreased and some others increased with increasing drying temperatures. Increasing drying temperatures caused slight changes in fatty acid compositions. In terms of animal drying and feeding characteristics, it was determined that a drying temperature of 80 °C was ideal for acorn drying., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Some reports on mineral elements and fatty acid compositions of different legumes species have been published by several researchers in Turkey [[4]-[15]]. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining fatty acids and mineral element composition of narbon vetch lines to establish nutritional value for breeder and producers. Unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and linolenic (18:3) acids, which were determined to be higher than other fatty acids, were also found to be higher in many legume forage plant seeds such as I Medicago i , I Lotus corniculatus i , I Trigonella foenum-graecum i , I Trifolium i spp., I Onobrychis fallax i , and I Vicia i spp. [[7], [17]]. Fatty acids and mineral elements also play an important role in animal feeding. [Extracted from the article]

On-going global warming results in depletion of water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the effect of irrigation levels on different plants for productivity and quality in agriculture. Impacts of different irrigation levels on green and dry herbage yield and quality of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were investigated in this study. Field trails were conducted for two years (2021 and 2022) with 5 different irrigation levels (IWT 100 : 100%, IWT 75 : 75%, IWT 50 : 50% and IWT 25 : 25% of depleted water and IWT 0 : rain-fed). The highest crop water productivity (CWP) was obtained from IWT 75 treatments. Fenugreek plants were found to be drought sensitive in terms of green herbage yield and tolerant in terms of dry herbage and protein yield. Green Herbage (from 4715.07 to 14,154.55 kg ha−1), dry herbage (from 1038.13 to 2977.49 kg ha−1) and crude protein (from 245.85 to 558.67 kg ha−1) yields increased with increasing irrigation levels. Irrigations increased cell-wall components and crude ash content and reduced protein, oil and condensed tannin contents. Irrigations increased minerals, except for Ca and K. Irrigations also increased fatty acids, except for linoleic acid. The highest palmitic acid content was obtained from IWT 25 and stearic acid content from IWT 50 and IWT 75 treatments. The highest total amino acids were obtained from IWT 0 and IWT 50 and total essential amino acids from IWT 50 treatments. Based on present findings, IWT 50 and IWT 75 irrigation treatments could be recommended for high yield and quality in fenugreek cultivation. ● Irrigation was increased yield, mineral and fatty acid compositions improved. ● Irrigation was decreased protein and oil ratios decreased. ● Irrigation of 50 or 75% of field capacity are enough for yield and forage quality in fenugreek cultivation. ● The best results in terms of amino acid composition were obtained from I 50 irrigation. ● With increasing irrigation levels, ADF, NDF, ADL, crude fiber and ratios increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important of the unsaturated fatty acids in seeds are oleic acid (18:1), lineloic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3) fatty acids. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil of broad beans revealed that the fatty acid content was composed of 10 different fatty acids. The total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid values we obtained from the seeds of broad bean genotypes were found to be similar to those in many previous studies [[15], [18]]. The fatty acids palmitic acid (16:0), arachidonic acid (20:0), myristic acid (14:0), and pentadecanoic acid (15:0) in broad bean seeds are classified as saturated fatty acids. [Extracted from the article]

Seed oil contents, fatty acid compositions and mineral contents of twenty Onobrychis viciifolia genotypes (sainfoin) were investigated in this study. The fatty acid composition of O. viciifolia genotypes had different saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. For saturated fatty acids, O. viciifolia genotypes contained palmitic and stearic acids as the major component and contained small amount of myristic and arachidic acids. The major unsaturated fatty acids were identified as oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Total saturated fatty acids contents varied between 10.50 and 14.28% and total unsaturated fatty acid contents varied between 85.72 and 89.50%. Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni and Zn were detected in crop seeds in different amounts. The proximate analysis indicated that seed Co contents varied between 13.53 and 114.83 ppm, Mn contents between 28.14 and 97.20 ppm, Fe contents between 113.7 and 277.7 ppm, Cu contents between 7.19 and 12.24 ppm, Ni contents between 1.14 and 19.73 ppm and Zn contents between 26.03 and 52.39 ppm, respectively. The result of this study suggest that further studies are obligatory to invigorate in terms of animal nutrition and phytochemicals of O. viciifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybridization is intensively carried out to increase the existing genetic variation and to extend of genetic bases of varieties that have biotic, abiotic stresses tolerance and also genetic studies to determine variation of nutritional characteristics in pepper breeding programs. In this study, 104 RIL (Recombinant Inbred Pepper Lines: F6) populations which generated by selfing C. annuum (Long pepper) x C. frutescens (PI281420) F6 population were used to assessment of some fruit nutritional traits. Crude oil ratios varied between 3.20% and 11.43%, crude ash ratios between 5.26% and 17.69% and crude protein ratios between 8.09% and 23.57%. Na contents varied between 106.04 and 2140.07 ppm, Ca contents between 1167.67 and 6004.13 ppm, K contents between 10419.03 and 24775.40 ppm, Mg contents between 1240.37 and 6793.53 ppm, P contents between 2125.23 and 8858.85 ppm and S contents between 1037.65 and 7691.55. Lauric acid contents varied between 0.03% and 0.92%, myristic acid contents between 0.10% and 2.93%, palmitic acid contents between 11.67% and 27.13%, palmitoleic acid contents between 0.18% and 1.67%, heptadecanoic acid contents between 0.00% and 0.53%, heptadecenoic acid contents between 0.00% and 0.25%, stearic acid contents between 1.57% and 6.79%, oleic acid contents between 7.01% and 49.98%, linoleic acid contents between 26.28%− 57.79%, arachidic acid contents between 0.12% and 1.92%, linolenic acid contents between 0.97% and 14.86%, behenic acid contents between 0.05% and 2.58%, MUFA contents between 8.58% and 51.12% and PUFA contents between 28.98% and 68.51%. Beta-carotene contents varied between 23.92 and 1547.19 mg/100 g. Interspecific hybridization in pepper has an important role in increased the nutritional properties level in hybrids. So, these results open the new world gene pool for pepper breeding, ultimately contributing to nutritional properties to new pepper varieties. • Wide variation was achieved by interspecies crossing. • Some inbred lines have better nutritional properties than parents. • Protein content, PUFA, S, P, Mn, Mg were determined as ideal properties in lines. • Variation of nutritional properties can be used for mapping of related genes and breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Fatty Acid and Metal Composition of the Seeds of Lathyrus sativus Varieties" by Kagan Kokten, Mahmut Kaplan, Sati Uzun, and Hakan Inci is presented.

The article discusses the study which determines the trace elements and fatty acid (FA) of the seeds of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) varieties from Turkey. The study characterize FA of the plant's seed used by animals throughout the field to contribute FA's renewable resource and establish nutritional value. Result shows that the fatty acid composition of some varieties for feed crops shows different unsaturated and saturated fatty acid concentrations such as linolenic and myristic acids.

Oil content and fatty acid composition are the most significant quality criteria of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), and these parameters is greatly influenced by irrigation and fertilization practices. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation intervals and irrigation levels on oil content and fatty acid composition of peanuts, under sandy soil conditions in two consecutive years, using 'Halisbey', 'NC-7', and 'Sultan' peanut cultivars, commonly grown in Turkey. Irrigation levels were arranged based on total evaporation from Class-A pan, and irrigations were applied through drip lines. Irrigation intervals were set as two and four days, and irrigation levels were set as 50% (I50), 75% (I75), 100% (I100) and 125% (I125) of Class-A pan evaporations. Oil content, unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids), and saturated fatty acids (palmitic, myristic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids) were determined. For oil content, treatments were identified as the most appropriate irrigation for a two-day irrigation interval of all cultivars, I100 for four-day irrigation interval of 'Halisbey' and 'Sultan' cultivars and I75 for four-day irrigation interval of 'NC-7' cultivar. Oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids of peanuts. Cultivars exhibited different variations in these fatty acids based on irrigation intervals and irrigation levels. In general, oleic acid contents decreased, but linoleic and palmitic acid contents increased with increasing irrigation levels. The greatest oleic acid contents were obtained from two and four-day irrigation intervals of I50 treatments in 'Halisbey' and 'NC-7' cultivars and from two and four-day irrigation intervals of I75 treatments of the second year in 'Sultan' cultivar. Present findings revealed that for quality peanut production, both irrigation intervals and irrigation levels should be taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The highest a* and b* values were recorded for freeze drying. • Wang & Singh and Page model showed the best fitting performance. • The reactions of pepper varieties to drying methods were different. • Microwave drying was prominent for increased total phenolics. Effects of different drying methods (open-sun, shade, greenhouse, microwave (300−600 W), air-convective (60−80°C) and freeze drying) on drying kinetics, biochemical characteristics, rehydration ratio, color and total phenolic content of two different pepper cultivars (Bozok and Pinar) were investigated in this study. Significant differences were observed in biochemical traits of the cultivars and response of cultivars to different drying methods was also different. The greatest crude protein, β-carotene and lycopene values were recorded for the freeze dryer application. The greatest ascorbic acid values were obtained from freeze dryer and shade drying. Microwave drying process resulted an increment in total phenolic contents of the samples. Except for shade drying, the other methods reduced the oil contents and drying methods significantly influenced fatty acid composition of the samples. The rehydration ratios increased with increasing microwave powers. Chromatic parameters (L*, a*, b*, ΔE) were also influenced by drying temperatures, which contributed to the discoloring of red pepper during the process of drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]