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For many years, linseed has been attracted a great attention in animal nutrition because of its exceptionally favourable fatty acid composition and high content of essential α-linolenic acid. However, the presence of antinutritive components, cyanogenic glycosides, limits its inclusion in the animal's diet. Several ways of linseed detoxification were observed in literature, emphasizing extrusion as one of the most effective processes. In the presented study, the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been observed, as a tool for prediction of process influence on the deterioration of cyanogenic glycosides during the extrusion process of linseed-sunflower meal co-extrudate. The content of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) was determined according to the AOAC method as an indicator of cyanogenic glycosides in the produced co-extrudate. Extrusion of the material was performed on a laboratory single screw extruder. The performance of ANN model was compared with experimental data in order to develop rapid and accurate method for prediction of HCN content in co-extrudate. According to the experimental results, the highest HCN content (126 mg/kg) was determined at the lowest moisture content (7%) and the lowest screw speed (240 rpm). With the increase of moisture content and temperature during extrusion, the content of HCN drastically decreased. The ANN model showed high prediction accuracy (r²> 0.999), which indicates that the model could be easily and reliably applied in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature data about nutritional characteristics of linseed cultivars from some specific geographical area or country is scarce. For that very reason, following paper is presenting fatty acid (FA) compositions and antioxidant capacity of lipid-soluble (ACL) components of ten native linseed cultivars from Serbia. These characteristics can be interesting, especially due to the increasing trend of linseed usage in human diet. Presented results show that there were statistically significant (p<0.05) differences between linseed kernels in FA composition. Negative correlation was found between FA C18:0 and α-linolenic acid (ALA). The cultivar with the highest ACL value was No. 10 (342.66 μmol trolox/kg d.m.), meaning that it had very strong protection against oxidation of polyunsaturated FAs. Nevertheless, correlation between ACL and polyunsaturated FA content in cultivars was not statistically significant (p=0.84). ACL of the samples did not depend on FA composition of linseed, but it might depend on characteristics of a specific cultivar. The aforementioned results show potential usage in storage of linseeds or its products, while FA composition of linseed kernels might be one of criteria for authentication of linseed origin, and can be of great help in future selection of the cultivars, depending on purpose of linseed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the formulations of the ingredient mixtures and setting up the details of the extrusion technology 4 floating complementary carp feeds were developed suitable for inclusion of high oil levels by vacuum coating technology. The experimental feeds were manufactured in pilot scale and the efficiency of oil supplementation after application of vacuum coating was checked by GC determination of feed fatty acid composition. The amounts of fortifying long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LcPUFA) containing oils - Mortierella alpine oil, containing 40% arachidonic acid in triglyceride form (ARA); eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) ethyl esters - were as follows: Feed CF2: 6.0% Linseed oil (LSO); CF3: 3.5% LSO + 1.5% Arachidonic acid (ARA) + 1% DHA; CF4: 6.0% Fish oil (FO); CF5: 4.5% FO + 1.5% ARA. The control sinking feed (CF1) was supplemented with 6.0% Soybean oil (SBO). The fatty acid composition determined by capillary gas chromatography well reflected the fortification. The experimental feeds were tested in a feeding experiment with common carp under intensive RAS rearing conditions. The experimental feeds and the control sinking one were fed to fish in parallel groups at constant water temperature (average: 23.9±0.3 °C), with an average oxygen saturation of 90±2 %. Fish were grown steadily, the best growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) both were found in the FO fed group (1.17±0.00 %/day and 2.02±0.12 g/g). In the feeds highest levels for 18:3n3, 20:4n6 and 22:6n3 were 27.6%, 9.2%, and 11.2%, respectively. Whereas for the above mentioned fatty acids the highest levels of 7.3%, 2.3%, and 2.3%, respectively, were found in the carp fillets, the estimated EPA+DHA contents of the fillet were 5 to 12 times higher in the fillets offish fed on fortified feeds than in those offish fed on control feed CF1. Fortified floating feeds can be applied as complementary feed along with sufficient levels of natural food in fish ponds in suitable feeding regimes. A suitable feeding regime was suggested to apply the complementary feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]