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Damoctocog alfa pegol (BAY 94-9027, Jivi ® ), is a site-specifically PEGylated, extended half-life recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) that is approved in several European and non-European countries for on-demand treatment and prophylaxis of bleeding in previously treated patients aged ≥ 12 years with hemophilia A. Reliable measurements can be obtained using most one-stage and chromogenic FVIII assays over a wide concentration range. The efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of damoctocog alfa pegol have been studied extensively in the PROTECT VIII clinical trials, and its long-term safety and effectiveness profile is continuing to build through observational and interventional real-world studies. The PK of damoctocog alfa pegol was shown to be improved as compared with that of sucrose-formulated rFVIII (rFVIII-FS, Kogenate ® ), and was also demonstrated to be non-inferior to and, for some variables, more favorable than rFVIII-Fc fusion protein, efmoroctocog alfa (Elocta ® ; NCT03364998), rurioctocog alfa pegol (BAX 855, Adynovate ® /Adynovi ® ; NCT04015492), and antihemophilic factor (recombinant) plasma/albumin-free method (rAHF-PFM, Advate ® ; NCT02483208). Damoctocog alfa pegol was generally well tolerated and none of the patients in any of the clinical trials, including the PROTECT VIII clinical program, HEM-POWR, or ongoing single-center studies, developed FVIII inhibitors. Efficacy for perioperative hemostasis has been demonstrated. Low bleeding rates were achieved across the studies, with twice weekly, every 5-day and every 7-day prophylaxis offering patients ≥ 12 years and their clinicians the chance to tailor treatment to individual needs and lifestyles, while maintaining long-term protection from bleeds and their consequences., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Ensuring hemostasis during invasive procedures is a challenge in patients with severe hemophilia A. This analysis evaluated efficacy and safety of BAY 94-9027, an extended-half-life recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), in the surgical setting., Materials and Methods: Patients participating in an open-label BAY 94-9027 clinical trial who underwent major surgery were included in the analysis. Investigator/surgeon assessment of hemostasis during surgery was the primary outcome. In addition, information about FVIII use, FVIII levels during perioperative period, bleeding complications and FVIII inhibitor development were collected., Results: Data were analyzed for 26 major surgeries (orthopedic, n = 21) in 20 patients aged 13-61 years. BAY 94-9027 provided effective hemostasis during all procedures. FVIII levels 6-8 h post preoperative infusion and prior to the first follow-up infusion were in the range expected to maintain protection in the major surgery setting. The median time from preoperative infusion to the first follow-up infusion (the first infusion administered after the preoperative infusion) was 12.33 (3.6-49.9) h. No intraoperative bleeding complications occurred, and no new inhibitors developed following any surgery., Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that BAY 94-9027 was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of patients undergoing major surgeries. Advantages of BAY 94-9027 include the potential for less frequent infusion and reduced factor consumption, which should simplify the management of patients during major surgery., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Essentials Recombinant factor VIII BAY 94-9027 conjugates in a site-specific manner with polyethylene glycol. BAY 94-9027 was given to patients with severe hemophilia A as prophylaxis and to treat bleeds. BAY 94-9027 prevented bleeds at dose intervals up to every 7 days and effectively treated bleeds. BAY 94-9027 treatment was mainly well tolerated and no patient developed factor VIII inhibitors. Click to hear Dr Tiede's perspective on half-life extended factor VIII for the treatment of hemophilia A SUMMARY: Background BAY 94-9027 is a B-domain-deleted prolonged-half-life recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) that conjugates in a site-specific manner with polyethylene glycol. Objective Assess efficacy and safety of BAY 94-9027 for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeds in patients with severe hemophilia A. Patients/methods In this multinational, phase 2/3, partially randomized, open-label trial, men aged 12-65 years with FVIII < 1% and ≥ 150 exposure days to FVIII received BAY 94-9027 for 36 weeks on demand or prophylactically at intervals determined following a 10-week run-in period on 25 IU kg -1 body weight two times per week. Patients with > 1 bleed during the run-in subsequently received 30-40 IU kg -1 two times per week; patients with ≤ 1 bleed were eligible for randomization to every-5-days (45-60 IU kg -1 ) or every-7-days (60 IU kg -1 ) prophylaxis (1 : 1) for 26 additional weeks until randomization arms were filled. Patients who were eligible but not randomized continued twice-weekly prophylaxis. The primary efficacy outcome was annualized bleeding rate (ABR). Results The intent-to-treat population included 132 patients (prophylaxis, n = 112; on demand, n = 20). Median ABR (quartile [Q1; Q3]) for patients treated two times per week who were not eligible for randomization (n = 13) improved after dose increase (17.4 [14.3; 26.0] to 4.1 [2.0; 10.6]). Median ABR for patients randomized to every-5-days treatment (n = 43) was 1.9 (0; 4.2), similar to patients eligible for randomization but who continued treatment two times per week (n = 11). Median ABR for 32/43 patients (74%) who continued every-7-days prophylaxis until study end was 0.96 (0.0; 4.3). Six hundred and thirty-six of 702 bleeds (90.6%) were controlled with ≤ 2 infusions. No patient developed a FVIII inhibitor. Conclusions BAY 94-9027 prevented bleeding across three individually tailored dose regimens and was effective for treatment of bleeds., (© 2016 The Authors. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.)

Turoctocog alfa pegol (N8-GP) is a novel glycoPEGylated extended half-life recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) product developed for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeds in patients with haemophilia A, to enable higher activity levels with less frequent injections compared with standard FVIII products. This phase III (NCT01480180), multinational, open-label, non-randomised trial evaluated the safety and clinical efficacy of N8-GP when administered for treatment of bleeds and for prophylaxis, in previously treated patients aged ≥12 years with severe haemophilia A. Patients were allocated to receive N8-GP for prophylaxis or on-demand treatment for up to 1.8 years. Patients on prophylaxis were administered one dose of 50 IU/kg of N8-GP every fourth day. Bleeds were treated with doses of 20-75 IU/kg. Total exposure to N8-GP in the trial was 14,114 exposure days (159 patient-years). For the prophylaxis arm (n=175), the median annualised bleeding rate (ABR) was 1.33 (interquartile range, 0.00-4.61), the mean ABR was 3.70 (95 % confidence interval 2.94-4.66) and 70 (40 %) patients had no bleeds during the trial. Across treatment arms, 83.6 % of bleeds resolved with one injection and 95.5 % with up to two injections. N8-GP had a favourable safety profile and was well tolerated. The frequency and types of adverse events reported were as expected in this population. One patient developed inhibitory antibodies against FVIII (≥0.6 Bethesda units [BU]) after 93 N8-GP exposure days. No clinically significant safety concerns were identified and N8-GP was effective for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeds in previously treated patients.

Assay discrepancy in mild haemophilia, here defined by a significantly higher factor VIII (FVIII):C response by the one-stage procoagulant assay as compared with a two-stage enzymatic method, has repeatedly been reported in literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of this phenomenon amongst mild haemophilia families from a population of 2.95 million inhabitants in the Western Danish region. Information was collected retrospectively through a thorough search of archives of the National Haemophilia Centre in Aarhus. We identified 109 patients with mild haemophilia A amongst whom 92 were eligible to enter the study. These represent a total of 53 unrelated families. Our data illustrate that this assay discrepancy pattern is found quite frequently amongst our mild haemophilia A families. While the ratio of FVIII:C chromogenic/FVIII:C clot values was quite consistent amongst patients belonging to same family pattern, ratios in the entire cohort of families ranged from 0.18 to 1.00. Selecting a cut-off level for the FVIII:C chromogenic/FVIII:C clot ratios at 0.7, 0.6 and 0.5, respectively, we found that 38 (72%), 27 (51%) and 19 (36%) of families, respectively, displayed this assay discrepancy. In 10 patients, the FVIII:C chromogenic level was inside the category of moderate haemophilia at >0.01-<0.05 IU mL(-1), pointing to a class-shift in the biochemical phenotype. In conclusion, our data illustrate a substantial prevalence of the assay discrepancy phenomenon amongst mild haemophilia A patients in our geographical area.

In the clinical setting, patients suffering from haemophilia are classified according to the residual level of the deficient coagulation factor. Patients suffering from the severe form of haemophilia (critical factor level <0.01 IU mL-1) display some heterogeneity in their tendency to bleeding despite the uniform factor level. Utilizing a new thrombelastographic method in which coagulation is activated by very small amounts of tissue factor and where resulting data are processed with new software, we studied the whole blood coagulation profile in 11 patients with severe haemophilia A and 11 patients with moderate haemophilia. In both groups of patients, we found a considerable degree of heterogeneity in the coagulation signal. In moderate haemophilia with factor VIII (FVIII):C levels between 0.01 and 0.05 IU mL-1, variance was expected, whereas a quite substantial diversity had not been forecasted in patterns of the whole blood coagulation profiles in patients with the severe form of haemophilia A. Ex vivo substitution to patient's blood to reach various theoretical levels of recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) revealed that the coagulation response to FVIII supplementation varied substantially. In some severely affected patients levels of FVIII:C close to 0.05 IU mL-1 was sufficient to normalize the coagulation profile, while others required a dose giving >0.50 IU mL-1 of FVIII to achieve a normal whole blood clotting profile. In conclusion, our study revealed that severe haemophilia A seems not to be a single entity, but rather several different clinical and biochemical phenotypes, and that the response to added FVIII varies amongst patients.