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In the face of the premonitions that pointed to its obsolescence and lethal decline due to the hegemonic digital paradigm, the (hyper)contemporary novel has demonstrated a strong capacity for reinvention and rejuvenation, exploring, for example, the materiality and visuality of the printed page. This occurs in the multimodal novel, the narrative subgenre that we intend to characterize. We highlight its strong archival propensity and adduce the reasons that drive the multimodal narrator to integrate and semantically explore resources other than just words (e.g., images, documents, objects, etc.). Starting from this theoretical section, our main objective is to analyze the portuguese novel A Coleção Privada de Acácio Nobre (2016), by Patrícia Portela. This multimodal work presents the "spolio" of Acácio Nobre, an important artist (1869-1974), but shrouded in an aura of silence and, therefore, practically unknown to all. In order to demonstrate his real existence, various types of documentary evidence (photographs, manuscripts, drawings, works of art, and others) are inserted. It is our intention to analyze the various strategies of veridiction and fictionalization deployed by the narrator in the construction of the Acacian figure. In addition, we also consider the possibility of Acácio Nobre (along with Bernardo Soares, his friend) being a semi-heteronym.

Estudo diplomático dos diferentes ensaios tipológicos em papel para expedição de cartas de confirmação utilizadas pela chancelaria do Príncipe Alfonso de Trastâmara sob título régio, e pelos Reis Católicos até ao final da guerra de sucessão contra Afonso V de Portugal e Juana la Beltraneja, abordando em particular formulários e elementos de validação para determinar em detalhes as diferenças com os modelos oficiais de pergaminho. Por fim, aborda-se a escolha da estrutura das cartas de misericórdia para a criação de um novo arquétipo ratificador em papel com o qual se possa fazer face à premente necessidade de agilizar a sua tramitação

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Convocatoria / Call for Papers

Este trabalho aborda a história do pan-americanismo a partir da análise de um caso particular: as atividades comerciais e o discurso publicitário da empresa americana denominada National Paper and Type Co. Esta empresa monopolizou o nicho de mercado para exportação de máquinas e produtos para impressão (papel e tinta) fabricados nos Estados Unidos para distribuição em toda a América Latina. Foi a principal fornecedora dos insumos com os quais foram produzidos os jornais mais notáveis da região. Ao dominar esse mercado, construiu o alicerce da estrutura material da esfera pública. Foi uma disseminadora ativa do discurso pan-americano que aproveitou a oportunidade para garantir clientes, promover uma cultura de negócios na América Latina típica da sociedade anglo-saxônica e cultivar uma mentalidade que incentivava o consumo. Promoveu uma avaliação muito importante da América Latina e fortaleceu os elos propostos por essa utopia de proximidade que imaginava uma Pan-América unida. Esse intermediário comercial e cultural construiu uma ponte de comunicação que contribuiria para o fortalecimento de uma esfera pública transnacional

Convocatoria / Call for Papers Vol. 21, 2015

Convocatoria simposio 2015 / Call for Papers Symposium 2015

The paper presents aspects of the scientific production of three 'ilustrados' who worked in South America: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (1763-1838), José Hipólito Unanúe (1755-1833), and Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga (1771-1848). These naturalists, whose trajectories, territories and beliefs were different, built their particular version of Nature in America and contributed with their scientific work to the construction of American geohistory. They were chosen in this research by criteria of territorial dispersion and by different approaches about specific aspects of Earth Sciences – themes that up to now have not received full attention among Latin-American historians of sciences. This paper contends that these personalities built their own knowledge about 'temperament' (climate) and territories, and also used their scientific knowledge to implement political agenda for their respectives countries that were being conformed.

Edward Palmer Thompson (1924-1993) foi um dos mais importantes historiadores do século XX. Em 1988, foram publicados os The Sykaos Papers, um livro de ficção científica acerca das angústias de uma era nuclear, mas, também, uma declaração de amor (e de direitos) a certo planeta azul. Este artigo objetiva apontar alguns elementos e aspectos desse romance. Um objetivo mais geral poderia ser a análise a partir dos escritos de Thompson da prática literária mesma, e das fronteiras e interseções entre essa prática e a “lógica histórica”. A principal fonte desta análise é o poema My Study, escrito em setembro de 1973.

The text aims to analyze the strategies adopted by The Chamber of Olinda regarding the use of pecuniary legacy under its guard, belonging to the orphans of the captaincy of Pernambuco, without the prior royal authorization, which smote the provisions of the doctrine and legislation, notably what the Philippine Ordinances (1603) refer to. Also throughout the text, the reflections seek to reveal the close relationship between the historical and paleographic knowledge to the writing of history in the temporality of colonial Brazil in its political and administrative side.

General Pedro Aurélio de Góes Monteiro, morto em 1956 foi Ministro da Guerra no governo de Getúlio Vargas. O texto discute, a partir dos documentos pessoais do general, principal ator dos eventos políticos do período de 1930 a 1945, no Brasil

Controversial personality of the Native American history of the second half of the 19th century, Sarah Winnemucca can be construed as the archetype of the committed Native American intellectual. In a short life etched by tensions between ideals and disappointments, indigenous traditions and compliance to Euro-American knowledge, she used all possible means of expression to denounce colonial violence and promote education (a core value in Native American societies) as a way of peaceful coexistence.

The pulp mills projects from Botnia in Uruguay are fueling fears about environment caring, competition among bordering countries and bitterness towards large transnational corporations. The pulp and paper industry, however, rests on a long history and a continued scientific research effort that allows proposing effective solutions to evolve into an economically and environmentally sustainable industry.

Family and school should work side-by-side when it regards the learning process of children, as those institutions are the foundation for ensuring that a person has a solid and effective upbringing. This paper's general goal is to study the roles of family and school in the learning process for primary school students based on the lived experiences and studied theories in the graduation path. Education plays a fundamental role in a student’s preparation for their social, cultural and religious life. Therefore, family participation in school is a notable and persistent challenge in the educational landscape, especially in primary school. This paper is bibliographical in nature and describes, based on theorists, the themes and narratives of our lived experiences in academia, dialoguing with authors who discuss the importance of family and school in childrens' education, such as Alves (1994); Andrade, Nicolau and Machado (2015); Carvalho (2000); Franco (2016); Jerônimo; Duarte (2016); and Picanço (2012), among others. The distancing between family and school hinders the development of children's cognitive skills and negatively influences the educational path and schooling of a critical-reflexive individual.

This paper discusses bipartisan US Congressional Ukraine support and advocacy efforts over the course of more than a century. It examines Congress’ extraordinary focus on Russia’s war against Ukraine and the difficult but ultimately successful April 2024 passage of the Ukraine supplemental assistance. The paper then looks back at the history of Congressional activity with respect to Ukraine prior to the re-establishment of Ukraine’s independence in 1991. It examines the peak of Congressional activity in the decade and a half leading up to independence, highlighting the role of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (a.k.a U.S. Helsinki Commission). This pre-independence Congressional activity, greatly abetted by the Ukrainian American community, took place in an environment in which little was known about Ukraine and the Ukrainian people’s aspirations in U.S. policy circles and public. This period laid the groundwork for greater U.S. political and material support following independence. Senators and Congressmen from both major U.S. political parties supported Ukraine prior to independence. This bipartisan Congressional support continues to this day, notwithstanding the challenges from the isolationist right wing of the Republican party.

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the positive and negative aspects of the USA’s overt and covert aid operations and cooperation against Russia’s expansionist policies in different parts of the world for decades in the light of historical and contemporary data. The advantages and disadvantages of American interventions against Russian expansionism will be analyzed by comparing the Cyclone Operation conducted by the CIA during the Soviet-Afghan War between 1979–1989 and the comprehensive security cooperation package initiated with Ukraine during the Russian occupation of Ukraine from 2022 onwards. This paper argues that Operation Cyclone was a beneficial action/process as it prevented the fall of Afghanistan, paved the way for the collapse of the Soviet Union, halted Russian expansionism in the Greater Middle East and created a barrier against authoritarian/despotic regimes. Although the operation has some negative effects and flaws that persist to this day, it is remembered as a powerful and effective weapon against Russian expansionism. Moreover, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine from 2022 onwards and the USA’s initiation of a wide-ranging process of assistance and cooperation in response to this invasion once again demonstrate the symbolic and real value of Operation Cyclone. Methodology. The study is based on qualitative research methods. The novelty of the research. Although there are many works on Operation Cyclone, a new and original work will be produced by combining this operation and the ongoing war in Ukraine. In conclusion, the paper argues that in the current Russia-Ukraine War, the positive aspects of Operation Cyclone can be leveraged to provide assistance to Ukraine in order to once again achieve victory against Russian expansionism. This study comparatively analyzes two different wars in two different periods, establishes a logical correlation, and looks at the USA interventions from a new perspective.

In this paper, we propose to review some of the national commemorations thatbelong to the nineteenth century. Based on the experience of teaching a degree subject in the History Professorate of the Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, we intend to analyze the link between the historical account and the school act. We believe that the event can be resignified as a moment of visibility of relegated actors, phenomena and concepts. Based on this assumption, we aim to analyze three key aspects that are developed in the sections of this paper. First, we examine how certain ephemeris are established, and the role of historians in this process. Then, we critically evaluate both the anniversaries and the educational purpose of the teaching of history in secondary education. Finally, through concrete cases, we observe how the commemorations of these dates can offer new perspectives and meanings.

This paper proposes to make visible the Nosotras journalʼs positions disseminated about war, militarism, and peace during its existence (1902-1904). Indeed, those times witnessed a world context that already announced the great wars of the twentieth century. For this purpose, we selected different interventions referring to these topics, paying special attention to those of its director, María Abella de Ramírez. She dealt specially with the civil war in Uruguay. At the same time, the paper aspires to contribute to the characterization of this publication which, despite its importance, has been little studied in a systematical mode or as a cultural object.

This paper investigates the participation of the Argentine Navy in the repression of political dissidents abroad during State terrorism. Based on a historical reconstruction of the extraterritorial operations that involved the Navy, one of the three military forces that played a leading role in the last Argentine dictatorship (1976-1983), the paper questions the conditions and characteristics of its performance in transnational repression. It is hypothesized that the Navy developed an increasing degree of influence and autonomy in the deployment of the Argentine repressive apparatus beyond national borders. This type of development, observable in the case investigated, suggests a general key of analysis for studies on transnational repression: just as the action of the repressive agencies within the national territory was neither monolithic nor unidirectional, their cross-border action acquired a similar dynamic, characterized by a margin of relative autonomy of the forces involved, although without deviating from the strategic objective of persecuting political dissidents.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar las novelas latinoamericanas sobre la piratería del siglo XIX con las novelas sobre el narcotráfico del siglo XX para demostrar que los negocios del crimen organizado crean su propia soberanía yuxtapuesta a la soberanía estatal y que tanto los piratas como los narcotraficantes están en la constante renegociación de su relación con el Estado. Las novelas que se tomarán en cuenta son: del siglo XIX, El filibustero (1864), del escritor mexicano Eligio Ancona, y Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), de la escritora colombiana Soledad Acosta de Samper; del siglo XX, Contrabando (1991), del escritor mexicano Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, y La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), del escritor colombiano Fernando Vallejo. El trabajo se divide en dos apartados; el primer apartado trabaja la relación entre los piratas y narcotraficantes con el Estado. Se discuten las actitudes de los escritores de la época hacia el Estado y las implicaciones de los actores estatales en el negocio ilegal. El segundo apartado discute la existencia de las soberanías yuxtapuestas que se representan a través la creación del imaginario social de la piratería y del narcotráfico. Partiendo de los recursos históricos y políticos sobre la piratería y el narcotráfico, este trabajo pretende crear un ambiente interdisciplinario para discutir el crimen organizado en la literatura y su influencia política en la sociedad. Palabras clave: la piratería, el narcotráfico, la soberanía, el Estado, la ambigüedad, la literatura instrumental ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to compare 19th-century Latin American novels about piracy with 20th-century novels about drug trafficking in order to demonstrate that organized crime creates its own sovereignty juxtaposed with state sovereignty and that both pirates and drug traffickers are constantly renegotiating their relationship with the state. The literary corpus from the 19th century includes El filibustero (1864), by Mexican writer Eligio Ancona, and Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), by Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper; from the 20th century, Contrabando (1991), by Mexican writer Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, and La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. This paper is divided into two sections; the first section deals with the relationship between pirates and drug traffickers and the State. It discusses the attitudes of the writers towards the State and the implications of the State actors in the illegal business. The second section discusses the existence of juxtaposed sovereignties represented through the creation of the social imaginary of piracy and drug trafficking. Drawing on historical and political resources on piracy and drug trafficking, this paper aims to create an interdisciplinary environment to discuss organized crime in literature and its political influence on society. Keywords: piracy, drug trafficking, sovereignty, State, ambiguity, instrumental literature

This paper argues that the progressive inclusion of human rights criteria in ESG indicators can have an unprecedented impact. Based on a conceptual study of the ESG legal framework and major normative developments in Europe, this paper presents indicative evidence of a new set of incentives and obligations for transnational corporations. The novelties that the ESG movement brings could be extremely useful in advancing the agenda of international human rights law which, for years, has suffered the ravages of having no real enforcement mechanisms at the international level. In Europe, for example, human rights due diligence could soon condition permits in the world of mergers and acquisitions, and the list of potential impacts is long. Based on a systematization of regulatory developments and some projections, this research shows the emergence of a new and potentially transformative relationship between human rights and the financial sustainability of private companies.

The following paper reflects on the archive as it is used on a doctoral research in progress about lesbian activism in Argentina. Based on the contributions of Cvetkovich (2003) about the affective dimension of the historical records of lesbian existences, the paper presents two fundamental archives of lesbian activism in Argentina: 1. The blog Potencia Tortillera; 2. In-depth interviews and biographical records. The aim of the paper is to queer ―in the sense of making strange― the archive conceived in classical terms, as well as to discuss, from a concrete case of study, the theory from the global north that assumes the marginal production of documentation on sexual diversity.

This paper addresses the water crisis in the south-central region of the state of Chihuahua in the year 2020. Recent literature points to drought, overdemand of the vital liquid, and overpopulation in this region, among other issues, as the causes of the problem. This paper argues that the causes are not such, but rather the effects of an economic policy of capital valorization and accumulation that exceeds the carrying capacity of ecosystems and the regulation of polluting processes. The obsolescence of the water treaties between Mexico and the United States makes it necessary to consider other alternatives such as the 1997 UN Water Convention.

Against the renewed international debate on the relationship between competition law and wider social and economic goals, this paper examines the underpinnings of Brazilian competition law. It describes the evolution of the law against the backdrop of the wider transformations in capitalism, and reveals how legal, political, and economic disputes – both domestically and internationally – have shaped its design and implementation. The paper argues that while the foundation of modern Brazilian competition law can be found in a progressive Constitution and in principles that guide the economic order towards the promotion of substantive justice, competition enforcement and scholarship in Brazil have been gradually decoupled from the promotion of socioeconomic rights. This insulation of Brazilian competition practice from wider socio-political concerns was deeply influenced by the epistemological assumptions and the economic methodology of the Chicago School, that have directed competition – in the US and in other jurisdictions – towards formalist notions of efficiency.

The objective of this paper is to know the image of the indigenous communities in the Venezuelan cinema (1998-2008), and the representation of these ethnics groups, through the definition of “national identity” in contemporary Venezuela, especially since the struggles of the indigenous people for their cultural and ethnic survival, their defense of their land, and their political and economic self-determination.It is important to remember that in 1968, during the first government of Rafael Caldera (1969-1974), the country began a “new indigenous policy”, in the midst of the economic desarrollista model implanted for this government, called the conquest of the South [la Conquista del Sur], which also allowed a new ethnographic and socio-anthropological approach to the indigenous communities, from different filmmakers formed in Venezuela and abroad. This paper presents a preliminary film inventory of this filmography, as a representative example of fictional films and documentaries, with indigenous theme, to know the representation of this population in the current Venezuelan “audiovisual imagery”, during this particular time.

The writing of this paper is the result of reflections on my practices of teaching History in secondary education. Academic studies linked to the History of Sports are relatively new and their products are little known. This has meant that History of Sports is rarely considered as an option for teaching History. I believe that it is necessary to discuss the relevance of the history of sports in the History classroom and, above all, the formative elements of teaching this specific knowledge. This paper aims, firstly, to provide an overview of sport as an object of study in History and the main formative elements of this field of study. Secondly, to reflect on its educational potential, so that it becomes a didactic option for teaching History in secondary education.

This paper aims to delve into the underlying trends of the contemporary historiography of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Under the guidance of historical accounts developed outside Spain before the end of the Francoist dictatorship (1939-1977), and during the transition to democracy (1977-1983), some Spanish historians strove to write a bias-free and fact-based depiction of the war and its aftermath. By relying on close readings of historical documents, those historians assumed their methodology to be the most accurate when dealing with historical events that are so contested. However, recent shifts in the way this past has been remembered in Spain have produced a historiography endorsing new perspectives, which has also given rise to controversies among historians regarding the scope of and the assumptions underlying their work. To understand the currents of these debates, this paper echoes these groundbreaking approaches and attempts to illuminate how the influence of the social movement of «historical memory» has led Spanish historians to question their assumptions and endorse a more heterodox and interdisciplinary approach to engaging with the history of the Spanish Civil War.

In the face of the disciplinary crisis of philology and the emergence of cyberculture, two authors shed light on new ways of theorizing about reading. Studying the contributions of Daniel Link in Suturas and Juan José Mendoza in “Avatares de los textos en la época de la reproductibilidad digital” can show how the new forms of textuality brought by cyberculture stand at the core of the crisis of philology that has been diagnosed by a number of leading theorists. The paper begins with a state of the art of the crisis of philology between the late twentieth century and the middle of the second decade of the twenty-first century, and then continues with an analysis of the works by Link and Mendoza. From there, a series of questions emerge, and this paper addresses them in order to investigate whether or not philology should be in charge by living up to this new textuality. It concludes by explaining what conceptions it can leave behind to do so and that philology is undoubtedly the discipline that must be in charge of reading this massive textbook flow that is the empire of internet.

This paper analyses the different spaces in which daily life of the Nahua children of the Mesoamerican Central High Plateau took place, based on the revision of documentary source. It begins with an examination of quotidian life at home and in the domestic units. Afterwards, the paper analyses the children’s presence in places such as the market, the milpa, the mountain and the lake, where they learned the activities that they would have to perform in their adult life. Also, it briefly reflects on their presence in the temples of education; finally, additional places in which pre-hispanic childhood took place are considered.

This paper focuses on the analysis of lyrics written by rock bands in Porto Velho, Rondônia, between 2000 and 2010. The central problem discussed in this work is the fact that Porto Velho has not achieved visibility as a city that produces songs with themes that go beyond regionalism and themes linked to nature, with songs with local content predominating in the artistic scene. The main objective is therefore to highlight songs that have been produced usingthemes that break away from the Amazonian paradigm. Using a methodological approach that combines bibliographical and historiographical research, interviews and in-depth theoretical analysis, the study offers an insight into the songwriting scene in portovelhense, focusing on a contextualization of the genres of lyric poetry and song in literature. We then analyze some songs composed by the bands: Coveiros, Ultimato, Nitro and Versalhes. Our analysis will be guided by authors such as Cara Salete de Almeida(1985) and João de Jesus Paes Loureiro (2015) to deal with the song as lyric poetry and Luís Augusto Fischer (2021) and Roberto Acízelo Souza (2014) to outline concepts relating to the historiographical exercise. Finally, it should be noted that this article aims to help create new ways of looking at the songs produced in Porto Velho and that this is a window to desacralize the view of the Amazon.

This paper investigates the music of the Blocos Afro from Salvador de Bahia (Brazil). From a socio-historical approach, we analyse their songs considering the word (with melody, percussion and dance) emerges as another discursive tool in the emancipatory political imagination of the black community. Focused specially on the production of the 20th century (from the 1970s to the 1990s), We delve into sociopolitics issues and the narrative resources that contribute to the configuration of a popular community culture based on the rewriting of a black history of its own.

This paper seeks to investigate the process of political radicalization and the exercise of popular revolutionary violence, and the corresponding improvement of torture as a practice of state political repression in Chile, in the period prior to the coup d'état of September 11, 1973. For these purposes, the repressive practice of torture in the period 1964-1973, exercised by the state against those defined as political enemies by the governments of the time, in correlative response to the radicalization of direct actions in which they used revolution-ary violence in the public space, will be addressed. There is evidence of an escalation of revolutionary violence, with the appearance of different types of armed actions, which were unknown during the Frei Montalva government (1964-1970) and reached their peak during the Allende presidency (1970-1973) with the outbreak of the only suicide bombing in Chilean history. In direct correlation, the methods of torture worsened with the appearance, under the Frei government, of the use of drugs, the breaking of bones and the introduction of Brazilian hanging techniques, and during the Allende presidency with the application of torture to pregnant women, resulting in the death of the fetus.

During the Modern Era, Western societies fully entered literacy. However, this process was not homogeneous, since it was determined by many geographical, social, religious, cultural and gender factors. Actually, the strength of the orality even generated a rejection of writing as an instrument that increased social inequality as well as the oppression of the weakest. Moreover, literate people did not usually write except to satisfy the demands of everyday life. It can therefore be said that, at least in the 16th century, writing and, in particular, writing memoirs, was still the privilege of a minority. The aim of this paper is to analyse the diary of an individual who belonged to that minority, the Valencian jurist Miguel Gómez Miedes (1547-1589), which, among other things, provides us with many interesting facts about his lifestyle and, specially, about the luxury consumption.

Bandits and oligarchic factions dominated the Kingdom of Valencia in the 17th century, generating a structural, almost daily violence in Valencian society during the Baroque period. In this paper we analyse this phenomenon through the personal diaries that were kept during the reigns of Philip IV and, above all, of Charles II, coinciding with a period when this organised crime was at its peak. In this way, we will study which elements most interested the writers, which bandits appeared most frequently, how the society of the time experienced this phenomenon, how public executions were depicted and what opinion the diarists had about banditry.

The historiography on religious otherness in art has analysed separately the Muslim signs and those of the Jew, as if this differentiation was due to an iconographical classification already conceived by medieval societies. However, it is known that certain artworks cannot adapt to an epistemological framework created by a taxonomy of figurative production. This paper selects a significant group of images that combine equally Muslim and Jewish symbols in order to look at the visual interrelation proposed between these two cultures. It frames the images in their own historical context and it analyses them as a projection of interreligious coexistence in the four main realms which belonged to the Crown of Aragon between 1390 and 1450.

This paper discusses the project of a history of material cultures under the Franco dictatorship. This history of things is part of a marked affective and emotional turn of events that does little to account for the historical relationship to “things” under the dictatorship, which this article seeks to restore. By reevaluating the contribution of the philosopher Xavier Zubiri’s thought to its centrality in the Catholic knowledge produced under the dictatorship, things only make sense when they are tied to the subjective instance that invests them through language, the human person as Christianly understood. By unearthing this personalist relationship to things, the article invites us to reassess the presence of Paulinism and its effects at a time when the new consumerism and its “inventaire des choses” was built under the dictatorship, prompting a metahistorical discussion of the theoretical project of this historiographical turn that extends performativity beyond language. Failing to restore a theological relationship with matter, this turn forces us to ask whether the sole gamble of an extensive performativity effectively eliminates the cognitive legacies of knowledge developed under the dictatorship.

This paper reviews the two periods of the publication of La Educanda (1861-1865), which are marked by changes in the main recipients: from mothers/teachers to young female readers, as well as by the composition of the newspaper itself. In the first period, there were rarely any female voices and there was no continuous publication of literary texts, although this was perhaps compensated for by the supply of books to reward subscriptions. In the second stage, literary creation increased in conjunction with the participation of some of the most important names of the so-called isabelinas women writers, particularly Joaquina García Balmaseda and Ángela Grassi, in whose professionalisation the magazine must have been a significant step forward. The readings they proposed for the instruction of the young ladies for whom the publication was intended are analysed, which, despite their moralising tone, represent an advance on the progress towards their education and economic independence.

This Gothic Literature is today understood as crucial in order to comprehend the future evolution of American Literature, from its chronological origins to the present day. During the first phases of its evolution, along with Charles Brockden Brown, the most widely renown author shortly after the political independence of the United States, another name needs to be considered in order to understand the relevance of incipient American Gothic: New Yorker Isaac Mitchell, a collaborator of James Fenimore Coope. However, unlike Brown, Mitchell has remained in oblivion almost to the present day. Mitchell’s professional career mostly developed within the branch of journalism and edition. Beyond this, between 1802 and 1802, Mitchell published three novels that fall under very diverse classifications. The last of them, Alonzo and Melissa, would acquire more recognition, and it is today probably the most relevant to stablish how American Gothic first evolved. In consequence, the aim of this paper is to recover the most prominent features of this nearly forgotten work (under a fake attribution) and locating it within the long-standing American gothic tradition.

Although mostly remembered as an author of religious poetry, Raquel Adler was also a critic, teacher, and promoter of women's writing. This paper proposes an approach to her figure and her journalistic and essayistic work, which reveals her as an active agent in the Argentine literary field of the 1930s. Specifically, we will examine the notes and reviews signed by Adler, as well as her other interventions, in the magazine La Literatura Argentina, where she was in charge of the “Female Books” section from its creation in 1931 until the magazine closed in 1936. We will observe how, from her various roles as writer, interviewer and critic, Adler contributed to making visible the works written by her peers, to underlining the consciousness of collective belonging to a “thinking” and “liberated” feminine and American tradition (De la Tierra 153), and to detect the demands of a largely female audience, eager for “voices unheard until now” (109). Even if on the one hand her writings praised feminine “sensitivity” and “spontaneity”, which, in her opinion, favored poetic writing, on the other hand, Adler advocated for the rights of women writers and, from Catholic and spiritualist circles, adhered to the feminist cause.

This paper analyzes Marcos Espinel’s life between 1835 and 1846. By studying his life, it is possible to understand the multiple forms of political participation of the Ecuadorian political leaders, their intellectual formation, and the changes in their political positions in the context of the nascent 19th-century republicanism. The paper has been divided into two parts. The first one considers printed activity within the political circle of José Félix Valdivieso in which Espinel was involved. This was used to support his project to re-annex Ecuador to New Granada and to promote the vote in 1839. In the second part, the paper studies Espinel’s contributions to the second administration of Juan José Flores, and Espinel’s political support of the provisional government of Vicente Ramón Roca.

The Wari state expanded during the seventh century to colonize a vast area of the Andes and incorporate many ethnic groups. The relations established between Wari-sponsored colonists and the people indigenous to these new territories differed for a number of reasons. In this paper I consider the degree of political centralization as a key factor that determined the long-term impacts Wari expansion had on subject groups. While all Wari subjects may have been compelled to participate in the empire’s political economy, some aspects of their daily life may have remained relatively unchanged. Using the multi-ethnic colony in Moquegua as an example this paper examines which attributes associated with Wari practices were adopted and which aspects of their identities were maintained.