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Bojan Pajic,1–4 Iraklis Vastardis,1 Predrag Rajkovic,5 Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler,1 Daniel M Aebersold,6 Zeljka Cvejic2 1Eye Clinic ORASIS, Swiss Eye Research Foundation, Reinach AG, Switzerland; 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad,3Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia; 4Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; 5Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia; 6Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland Purpose: Pterygium is a common lesion affecting the population in countries with high levels of ultraviolet exposure. The final shape of a pterygium is the result of a growth pattern, which remains poorly understood. This manuscript provides a mathematical analysis as a tool to determine the shape of human pterygia.Materials and methods: Eighteen patients, all affected by nasal unilateral pterygia, were randomly selected from our patient database independently of sex, origin, or race. We included all primary or recurrent pterygia with signs of proliferation, dry eye, and induction of astigmatism. Pseudopterygia were excluded from this study. Pterygia were outlined and analyzed mathematically using a Cartesian coordinate system with two axes (X, Y) and five accurate landmarks of the pterygium.Results: In 13 patients (72%), the shape of the pterygia was hyperbolic and in five patients (28%), the shape was rather elliptical.Conclusion: This analysis gives a highly accurate mathematical description of the shape of human pterygia. This might help to better assess the clinical results and outcome of the great variety of therapeutic approaches concerning these lesions. Keywords: etiology, pterygium, limbal stem cells, stem cells dysfunction, mathematical shape analysis

Mirko Resan,1,2 Miroslav Vukosavljevic,1,2 Danilo Vojvodic,2,3 Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler,4 Bojan Pajic2,4–6 1Eye Clinic, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; 2Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia; 3Department for Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia; 4Eye Clinic ORASIS, Swiss Eye Research Foundation, Reinach AG, Switzerland; 5Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; 6Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland Purpose: To evaluate the participation of proinflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of corneal wound-healing response after excimer laser treatment. Methods: The study included 68 myopic eyes up to -3.0 diopters divided into two groups: 1) eyes treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) (n=31) and 2) eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (n=37). Each group was then divided into three subgroups based on tear sampling times: before (0 hours), 1 hour after, and 24 hours after treatment. The tear fluid was sampled from lower lateral tear meniscus using a cellulose microsurgical sponge. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in tear fluid were determined by flow cytometry method. Results: Statistical significance was observed in the concentrations of TNF-α (P=0.0421) and IL-1β (P=0.0225) between samples collected 1 and 24 hours after PRK treatment in favor of samples collected 1 hour after treatment. IL-6 concentration changes showed a significant increase in the PRK group in both time intervals following treatment compared to pretreatment (0 hour/1 hour, P=0.0031; 0 hour/24 hours, P=0.0059). For IL-8 concentrations, significant differences were observed between control and experimental groups in samples collected 1 hour after LASIK and 1 hour after PRK treatment (P

Bojan Pajic,1–3,5 Iraklis Vastardis,1,3 Brigitte Pajic-Eggspuehler,1 Zisis Gatzioufas,2 Farhad Hafezi2,4 1Swiss Eye Research Foundation, Eye Clinic ORASIS, Reinach, Switzerland; 2Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; 3Eye Hospital VIDAR-ORASIS Swiss, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Physics, Novi Sad, Serbia; 4Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 5Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, SerbiaPurpose: To compare a femtosecond laser with a microkeratome for flap creation during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in terms of flap thickness predictability and visual outcomes.Patients and methods: This was a prospective, randomized, masked, paired-eye study. Forty-four patients (34females) who received bilateral LASIK were included. Patients were stratified by ocular dominance, and they then underwent randomization of flap creation using the femtosecond laser on one eye and undergoing the microkeratome procedure on the other one. The visual outcome differences between the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at baseline and the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) on the first day postoperatively were set as the efficiency index for both groups. All visual acuity outcome results and the deviation of flap thickness were evaluated. P-values

To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) reducing effect and safety of fixed combination (FC) latanoprost/timolol with unfixed combination (UFC) brimonidine/timolol in patients with increased IOP.In this 6 month, randomised, evaluator masked, parallel group European study, patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension and IOPor =21 mm Hg on monotherapy or16 mm Hg on dual therapy received either FC latanoprost/timolol at 8:00AM or UFC brimonidine/timolol at 8:00AM and 8:00PM. The primary outcome was the difference from baseline to month 6 in mean diurnal IOP reduction.325 of 334 randomised patients were included in intent to treat analyses (FC latanoprost/timolol, 163; UFC brimonidine/timolol, 162). Baseline diurnal IOP levels were similar: FC latanoprost/timolol, 26.4 (SD 2.7) mm Hg; UFC brimonidine/timolol, 26.5 (SD 2.8) mm Hg (p = 0.851). At month 6, levels were 16.9 (SD 2.8) mm Hg in FC latanoprost/timolol patients and 18.2 (SD 3.1) mm Hg in UFC brimonidine/timolol patients (p0.001). No adverse events were reported by 76.4% and 75.5% of patients receiving FC latanoprost/timolol versus UFC brimonidine/timolol, respectively. Larger proportions of brimonidine/timolol treated patients reported study medication related adverse events (18.6% v 7.3%) and discontinued study participation because of this (10.8% v 1.8%).Fixed combination latanoprost/timolol administered once daily is both more effective and better tolerated than twice daily dosing with UFC brimonidine/timolol.