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The leaf extracts of three endemic species of Pandanus namely, P. luzonensis, P. panayensis, and P. simplex were investigated for their safety profile and anti-inflammatory property. The Approximate Lethal Dose (ALD) was established through acute oral toxicity test. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay assessed the anti-inflammatory property. Each treatment group received assigned dose of extract (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg BW), 1% Tween 80 and diclofenac sodium (100 mg/kg BW) for the negative and positive control groups, respectively. The ethanol leaf extract P. panayensis at 500 mg/kg BW showed sustained inflammatory inhibition for 6 hours of observation with comparable inhibitory activity with diclofenac sodium (ave p=0.970). Histopathology of the inflamed paw tissues showed mild inflammation. IC50 against COX-1 and 2 are 610.69 ug/mL and >1000 ug/mL respectively against <10 ug/mL of Indomethacin as standard. These results suggest that all Pandanus leaf extracts have an ALD greater than 2000 mg/kg BW while P. payanensis extracts may serve as potential sources of anti-inflammatory agents. This activity may be contributed by flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and fatty acid which were identified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pandanus tectorius methanolic (PTM) and P. tectorius aqueous (PTA) extracts were investigated for their potential in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Parameters including paw thickness measurement, histopathological, and immunohistochemical cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression analyses were measured and analyzed. PTA at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced inflammation after induction of carrageenan (Carr), with mean paw thickness change of 0.110 ± 0.024 mm at sixth hour post-induction and histopathological mean inflammatory grade of 1.80 ± 0.20. The reduced immunohistochemical COX-2 expression using PTA at 500 mg/kg was determined with mean final 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) intensity of 63.70 ± 2.08. The profiling of metabolites by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) revealed presence of ethyl caffeate and dihydroconiferyl alcohol as putative secondary metabolites of PTA which were the major peaks and have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activities. This research has provided scientific insights of utilizing P. tectorius as a potential anti-inflammatory agent containing secondary metabolites which may be pharmacologically relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]