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Background Wine production represents one of the major agricultural activities worldwide. This production is accompanied with the generation of tremendous amounts of wastes and by-products exceptionally rich in bioactive compounds (especially phenolics). Recovering these molecules constitutes a key point for the valorization of the wine-processed materials, making them on the verge of commercialization. Regarding the health related benefits of these molecules; they could be used as additives for food and cosmetic products. Scope and approach The current review is revising the potential of alternative extraction methodologies for the recovery of antioxidant bioactive compounds from winery wastes and by-products. Conventional (solid liquid extraction, heating, grinding, etc) and non-conventional (pulsed electric fields, high voltage electrical discharges, pulsed ohmic heating, ultrasounds, microwave-assisted extractions, sub- and supercritical fluid extractions, as well as pressurized liquid extraction) methods have been applied for the extraction of high-added value compounds from winery-processed materials. Key findings and conclusions Non-conventional technologies represent a promising tool to recover high-added value compounds from winery wastes and by-products. However, several parameters are influencing the choice of technology used to recover these compounds, such as the matrix being processed, the selectivity, the energy consumption, the equipment cost, and the value of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage of chicory tissue by combined electroporation and ohmic heating is studied for better solute extraction. Moderate (400-1000 V/cm) and high (10,000 V/cm) PEF treatments were applied varying pause duration between the trains of individual pulses. Ohmic heating was induced with increase of the number of trains N. Temperature dependence of tissue damage degree Z is evaluated for the different PEF intensities. With higher ohmic heating, chicory tissue is faster and better damaged. Electric field strengths of 600-800 V/cm combined with ohmic heating permit to enhance noticeably the solute extraction from chicory tissue. The solute diffusivity D for the different PEF treatments, is nearly the same for same values of Z. Chicory tissue treated to the same damage degree (Z=0.8-1.0) using different PEF conditions (800,1000 and 10,000 V/cm) has nearly the same diffusivity. Combined electroporation/ohmic heating pretreatment by moderate PEF (400-1000 V/cm) presents an interesting alterative for the treatment of high product throughputs (e.g. in the case of inulin production from chicory). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Qualitative characteristics and dead-end ultrafiltration behavior of chicory juice obtained at different temperatures from untreated and pulsed electric field (PEF) treated chicory roots are investigated. The chicory juices obtained at lower temperatures (30 and 60°C) from PEF treated chicories are less colorized, have lower turbidity, lower protein content, and higher purity than conventional juice obtained at 80°C. The ultrafiltration behavior of the untreated and PEF treated chicory juice was studied in the dead-end filter cell under different pressures (1, 2 and 4bars) and with stirring at 500rpm. Three types of polyethersulfone membranes with MWCO of 150, 50 and 5kDa were used. The membrane with MWCO of 50kDa produced the most purified filtrate, while the membrane with lower MWCO (5kDa) produced less purified filtrate probably due to the partial retention of inulin molecules. The increase of TMP from 1 to 2 bars increased the filtration flux and the juice purity. The ultrafiltration behavior of obtained chicory juices was successfully described by the filtration model with intermediate blocking mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Multiple reviews have been published on various aspects of carotenoid extraction. Nevertheless, none of them focused on the discussion of recent green chemistry extraction protocols, especially for the carotenoids extraction from Daucus carota L. This group of bioactive compounds has been chosen for this review since most of the scientific papers proved their antioxidant properties relevant for inflammation, stress-related disorders, cancer, or neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Besides, carrots constitute one of the most popular sources of carotenoids. In the presented review emphasis has been placed on the supercritical carbon dioxide and enzyme-assisted extraction techniques for the relevant tetraterpenoids. The detailed descriptions of these methods, as well as practical examples, are provided. In addition, the pros and cons of each method and comparison with the standard solvent extraction have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amounts of agro-industrial waste are being generated each year, leading to pollution and economic loss. At the same time, these side streams are rich source of active compounds including antioxidants. Recovered compounds can be re-utilized as food additives, functional foods, nutra-/pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, beauty products, and bio-packaging. Advanced extraction techniques are promising tools to recover target compounds such as antioxidants from agro-industrial side streams. Due to the disadvantages of classical extraction techniques (such as large amounts of solvents, increased time of extraction, large amounts of remaining waste after the extraction procedure, etc.), and advanced techniques emerged, in order to obtain more efficient and sustainable processes. In this review paper aspects regarding different modern extraction techniques related to recovery of antioxidant compounds from wastes generated in different industries and their applications are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Chaenomeles Lindley (Chaenomeles), known as Mugua (in Chinese), is a medicinal and edible plant that is considered a functional source for human health promoting. Numerous bio-, chemical- and physical technologies have been applied to explore the relationship between the phytochemistry of Chaenomeles and their bioactivities, opening the door to their potential application in the field of function food and traditional Chinese medicine. This paper aimed to systematically summarize available information on Chaenomeles and provide reference for further investigations. The extracted and isolated chemical constituents (e.g., triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, volatile oil and fatty acids) from five species of Chaenomeles were mainly summarized. This review highlights the theoretical aspects and recent developments of nonconventional extraction (microwave, ultrasound and enzyme-assisted extraction, super- and subcritical fluid extraction and solid phase extraction) technologies for bioactive compounds recovery from Chaenomeles. Additionally, scientific reports on crude extracts or pure compounds from this plant revealed broad bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory activities, as well as immunoregulatory and hepatoprotective effects. Approximately 150 chemicals have been characterized from different parts of Chaenomeles. Triterpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds are the major bioactive ingredients of this plant. Additionally, the crude extracts and monomer compounds have been demonstrated with various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological functions. Nonconventional extraction technologies have been proposed to provide efficient, systematic, and practical protocols for the sustainable valorization of Chaenomeles. Image 1 • Approximately 150 chemical constituents have been characterized in Chaenomeles. • Crude extracts and monomer compounds from Chaenomeles have pharmacological functions. • Nonconventional extraction methods enhanced the valorization of Chaenomeles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and freeze thawing (FT) pretreatments on juice yield and quality from chicory by pressing (P). The four different modes (P, PEF- P, FT-P and P-PEF-P) were compared. The effects of pressing mode, PEF conditions, cossettes size on the juice yield, and total soluble matter (°Bx), conductivity, pH, turbidity in expressed juices were evaluated. The pressing kinetics for different modes were also investigated. For studied modes, the highest juice yield and kinetic rate were obtained for FT-P mode, the lowest was P mode. PEF-P and P-PEF-P modes resulted in the same juice yield, an increase of 9% higher than P mode. A 600 V/cm of intensity and 0.2 s duration were optimal PEF conditions with desired energy consumption. Moreover, cake mixing and relative small-sized cossettes allowed improving juice yield assisted by PEF-P mode. Quality analysis showed that expressed juice from smaller cossettes by PEF-P mode has lower turbidity and higher inulin content. • Pulsed electric fields (PEF)-assisted pressing (P) for extraction of chicory juice was studied. • Juice expression yield and pressing kinetic rate were enhanced after PEF pretreatment. • PEF-P and P-PEF-P modes resulted in an increase of 9% higher than P mode. • Cake mixing and smaller cossettes favored to extraction of chicory juice. • PEF-P treated smaller chicory cossettes has lower turbidity and higher inulin content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]