1. Differences of Uric Acid Transporters Carrying Extracellular Vesicles in the Urine from Uric Acid and Calcium Stone Formers and Non-Stone Formers.
- Author
-
Lin Z, Jayachandran M, Haskic Z, Kumar S, and Lieske JC
- Subjects
- Calcium, Calcium Oxalate, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative, Humans, Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters, Organic Cation Transport Proteins, Uric Acid, Extracellular Vesicles, Kidney Calculi etiology, Organic Anion Transporters genetics
- Abstract
Background: Low urine pH and volume are established risk factors for uric acid (UA) stone disease (UASD). Renal tubular epithelial cells exposed to an acidic pH and/or UA crystals can shed extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the tubular fluid, and these EVs may be a pathogenic biomarker of UASD. Methods: Urinary EVs bearing UA transporters (SLC2A9, SLC17A3, SLC22A12, SLC5A8, ABCG2, and ZNF365) were quantified in urine from UA stone formers (UASFs), calcium stone formers (CSFs), and age-/sex-matched non-stone formers (NSFs) using a standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. Results: Urinary pH was lower (p < 0.05) and serum and urinary UA were greater (p < 0.05) in UASFs compared with NSFs. Urinary EVs carrying SLC17A3 and SLC5A8 were lower (p < 0.05) in UASFs compared with NSFs. Urinary EVs bearing SLC2A9, SLC22A12, SLC5A8, ABCG2, and ZNF365 were lower (p < 0.05) in CSFs than UASFs, while excretion of SLC17A3-bearing EVs did not differ between groups. Conclusion: EVs bearing specific UA transporters might contribute to the pathogenesis of UASD and represent non-invasive pathogenic biomarkers for calcium and UA stone risk.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF