1. Downregulation of CCN3 expression as a potential mechanism for melanoma progression.
- Author
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Fukunaga-Kalabis M, Martinez G, Telson SM, Liu ZJ, Balint K, Juhasz I, Elder DE, Perbal B, and Herlyn M
- Subjects
- Basement Membrane metabolism, Basement Membrane pathology, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Coculture Techniques, Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Dermis metabolism, Dermis pathology, Down-Regulation drug effects, Enzyme Activation drug effects, Homeostasis drug effects, Humans, Interleukin-1beta pharmacology, Keratinocytes metabolism, Keratinocytes pathology, Lymph Nodes metabolism, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymphatic Metastasis, Matrix Metalloproteinases biosynthesis, Melanocytes metabolism, Melanocytes pathology, Melanoma pathology, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein, Transcription, Genetic, Up-Regulation drug effects, Extracellular Matrix Proteins biosynthesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Immediate-Early Proteins biosynthesis, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins biosynthesis, Melanoma metabolism, Neoplasm Proteins biosynthesis
- Abstract
Coculture of human melanocytes with keratinocytes upregulates CCN3, a matricellular protein critical to maintenance of normal homeostasis of melanocytes in the skin. CCN3 affects two fundamental features of melanocyte physiology: it inhibits melanocyte proliferation and stimulates their adhesion to the basement membrane. Here we report that expression of CCN3 is downregulated in advanced melanomas. Aggressive melanoma cell lines did not respond to treatment with CCN3 inducers, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), while less aggressive melanoma cell lines responded similarly to melanocytes. Immunostaining analyses revealed that CCN3 was present in melanoma cells close to the epidermal-dermal interface, but not in melanoma cells that had invaded deep into the dermis or had metastasized to lymph nodes. Contrary to our expectations, overexpression of CCN3 in 1205Lu metastatic melanoma cells did not affect their adhesion to collagen IV. However, CCN3 decreased the transcription and activation of matrix metalloproteinases and suppressed the invasion of 1205Lu melanoma cells. These results suggest that the lack of CCN3 in advanced melanoma cells contributes to their invasive phenotype. Whereas major matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin, tenascin or secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), are strongly upregulated in melanoma cells; CCN3 is the first member of this family that is downregulated.
- Published
- 2008
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