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Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that impacts significantly on quality of life for those who have it. There is a paucity of literature exploring the perspectives of children and young people. The aim of this study was to examine the day-to-day life experience of a group of young people with bronchiectasis. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews explored fifteen young people's perspectives of life with bronchiectasis. Key themes were identified using an inductive iterative approach through constant comparative analysis guided by Thorne's interpretive description. Life with bronchiectasis was conceptualized by participants as "Pretty Normal". This consisted of two co-existing life views which represented how young people balanced the ups and downs of adolescence while learning to accommodate the demands of living with bronchiectasis. Three key thematic elements "sore and tired", 'life interrupted and "looking after self", influenced and challenged these two views of life. Young people with bronchiectasis portray life as being the same as their peers. Despite this, they recognized that the symptoms, interruptions, and self-management responsibilities led them to find ways of coping and integrating their experience into a new and modified view of normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on cyberbullying has focused almost entirely on examining its prevalence among dominant ethnic populations, leaving it unclear how common cyberbullying is among indigenous peoples. Our study draws on a large sample of Māori adults aged 18–83 years (n = 6,529) who completed the questionnaire-based Māori Identity and Financial Attitudes Study in 2017. We analyzed reports of cyberbullying according to demographic characteristics, namely gender, age, sexual orientation, and multiple ethnic affiliations. On average, 19.3 percent of participants reported ever experiencing cyberbullying, and 4.1 percent reported experiencing cyberbullying within the past month. Young adults (aged 18–25) experienced the most, and incidences progressively declined among older cohorts. Women and those identifying as a minority sexual orientation reported higher rates of cyberbullying than men and heterosexuals. Those identifying as Māori as one of their multiple ethnicities reported higher rates of cyberbullying than those who identified as Māori only. Together, these findings provide a detailed investigation of the prevalence of cyberbullying in a large national indigenous sample. Previous data show that cyberbullying is common among adolescents and adults in New Zealand; however, our data indicate an even higher prevalence among the Māori. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed in light of Māori mental health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports findings from interviews with 69 respondents representing about 15 percent of the backpackers staying in the Waikato, New Zealand, during the survey period. The research method included both quantitative and qualitative methods and analysed what backpackers perceived as their most memorable experiences. The findings suggest these include themes of difference, uniqueness, bonding with special others, a sense of achievement and the `adrenalin high'. While about 70 percent of such experiences related to commercial adventure products, other activities, often in a natural setting, were important. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and perceptual mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For older people gardens may be paradoxical sites. Whilst gardening is associated in multiple ways with wellbeing and health, gardens may also become a source of frustration and worry as ageing bodies limit gardening activities. Yet determination remains. However, little of the well-established body of work on gardens and old age includes people in advanced age. In this paper, we draw on interviews with Māori and non-Māori 85-90-year olds in Aotearoa, New Zealand, focusing on how they talk about their wellbeing in relation to past, present, and future experiences of home gardening. Our research shows home gardens and gardening figure prominently and positively in the narratives of people in advanced age. Most of our participants described themselves as active gardeners; most also lived with multimorbidity, sometimes severe and complex. Applying positioning theory, we examine how our participants connect gardens and gardening to identity; connectedness; and adaptation and renegotiation of health and wellbeing in ageing bodies. Home gardens are 'more than therapeutic'; while they are protective of health and wellbeing, they are also enabling places for the expression and performance of agency in advanced age. These understandings have practical implications for supporting wellbeing amongst those in advanced age. • Gardening links to health & well-being, but may also cause frustration & worry. • We explore home gardening of people in advanced age including older indigenous people. • Most participants identified as active gardeners; most lived with multimorbidities. • They related gardening to identity, connectedness, & expressing agency in very old age. • Home gardens protect health & are enabling places; they are therapeutic and more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family-based treatment (FBT) is the current treatment of choice for adolescent AN based on positive outcomes that include weight restoration in around two-thirds of adolescents. Nevertheless around a quarter drop-out from treatment, particularly in the earlier phases, and a notable proportion of treated adolescents are reported to experience ongoing psychological distress during and post-treatment. This study explores the under-researched experiences of these adolescents. Method: Fourteen participants from Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom were interviewed about their experiences of FBT. An inductive thematic analysis of interview transcript data generated key themes related to their experiences, identity negotiations and the discursive materials these used to construct these. Results: The participants identified working as a family unit as key to their recovery, highlighting the importance of family therapy interventions for adolescent AN. However, they perceived an almost exclusive focus on weight restoration in the first phase of FBT was associated with experiences that included a relative neglect of their psychological distress and a loss of voice. Key within these experiences were processes whereby the adolescent engaged in identity negotiation and (re)claiming of their voice and implicit in their family standing with them in the treatment was that their life was worth saving. What was noted as most helpful was when therapists advocated and took into consideration their unique needs and preferences and tailored treatment interventions to these. Conclusions: There is a need to develop and research treatments that address, from the outset of treatment, the adolescents' psychological distress (including as experienced in the context of their weight restoration). This should be with priority accorded to the adolescent's voice and identity negotiations, as they and their families take steps to address the physical crisis of AN and in doing so, support more holistic and durable recovery. Plain English summary: Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is a well-established, intensive approach to the treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). The first phase of treatment focuses on eating and weight restoration, where parents are given responsibility for the adolescent's home-based refeeding. This is followed by handing over of this responsibility to the adolescent with the final-phase a focusing on adolescent-specific psychological issues. While the majority of adolescents gain weight with this treatment, a substantive proportion experience ongoing psychological distress and around a quarter of families drop out in the first phase. Little is known about these adolescents' experiences. In this project, we interviewed 14 individuals who, with their family, had either dropped out of FBT and/or experienced ongoing psychological distress post-treatment. The participants noted that their parents' stance in supporting them was life-saving and contributed to a sense that their life was worth saving. However, they also noted a relative absence of focus on their psychological distress, particularly in the early stages of treatment. Most helpful for participants was when therapists took into consideration and tailored treatments to them. Future treatments need to consider ways to support an adolescent's psychological distress more comprehensively, prioritise their voice and support them in finding an identity outside of the AN identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities in New Zealand are increasingly focused on an employability and global citizenship agenda, leading to a proliferation of work-integrated learning (WIL) courses across diverse curriculum areas. WIL exposes students to authentic learning opportunities in a workplace. It is however an activity with inherent risks which may have significant consequences for students, universities and host organizations. This study drew on qualitative interpretive methodology to examine risks related to WIL at eight universities from the perspective of eighteen academic and professional staff. The findings indicate that significant risks for students undertaking WIL relate to the readiness and suitability of the student, the learning environment and student safety. A framework that outlines the responsibilities and conduct of students during WIL is presented. While it is acknowledged that all stakeholders are important in the WIL enterprise, it is the student experience that should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the schooling experiences of 12 fa'afāfine and fakaleiti who attended an all-boys faith-based secondary school in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Fa'afāfine are Samoan, and fakaleiti Tongans who are assigned male at birth, but enact varying degrees and types of behaviour deemed as feminine. There are currently no in-depth qualitative studies that examine the schooling experiences of these young people. Within the existing literature the experiences of fa'afāfine and fakaleiti are typically subsumed under the umbrella of transgender and/or non-binary students. This study examines participants' recollections of daily experiences of being fa'afāfine and fakaleiti at an all-boys school where any expression of femininity was frequently disallowed and denigrated. In this highly masculinised environment, participants describe the struggle to be 'like-women' and the cisgender discrimination they faced. Incidents of bullying, physical assault and marginalisation from teachers and students along with the pathologisation and erasure of their identities within school curricula and practices were daily occurrences. These accounts contribute to an emerging and broader picture of schools as cisgender spaces, in which educational structures and processes reinforce the idea there are only two genders, and that gender is based on sex assigned at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many children of parents with mental illness (COPMI) experience stigma, resulting in detrimental effects and the need for support. Peer support programmes are widespread interventions, commonly providing relational, psychological and educational support. Some evidence suggests that these programmes result in positive changes to COPMI experiences of self, peers and their families. This article adds to the evidence base, presenting findings from a primarily qualitative, mixed-methods programme evaluation of a COPMI service in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Formative evaluation data were gathered from a COPMI service which supports families adversely affected by chronic and severe parental mental illness, via interviews (N  = 10) and four age-differentiated focus groups (N  = 24) of child/youth service-users aged eight to eighteen years, and mixed-method surveys of adult service-users (N  = 32). This article reports data from child/youth service-users who participated. Findings indicate that many participants experienced stigma outside the service, and self-stigma was reduced for many due to supportive peer relationships formed during service delivery. Further understanding of the relationship between peer support and self-stigma in these programmes is needed, and how positive changes to self-perceptions might translate to other spheres. The application of socio-ecological resilience theory to findings implies that COPMI service delivery should address differential needs in relation to marginalisation and promote sustained peer relationships for those who are marginalised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work-integrated learning (WIL) is an activity with inherent risks, different from those that occur with on-campus learning experiences. Risks associated with WIL may have serious financial, reputational and legal consequences for universities, WIL staff, students and host organizations. Using a mixed methods approach, this study examined how risk was defined and perceived by those involved in WIL, across eight New Zealand universities. Differences in understanding were examined and compared across disciplines and university roles. WIL staff perceived health and safety; conduct of students; student characteristics; conduct of the host organization (including exploitation and physical safety of students) as high risk. These factors were all linked to reputational risk for the university. WIL staff (both new and more experienced) need to have a clear understanding of the risks, so they can design risk management practices to help mitigate these risks for universities, students, host organizations, as well as themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on transition to higher education and young people with disabilities has increased in recent years. However, there is still limited understanding of transition issues and how digital technologies, such as social media and mobile devices, are used by this group of students to manage these issues. This article presents the findings of an empirical study that addressed this matter based on young people's views and experiences. The qualitative study was conducted in the context of a group of students with vision impairments transitioning to a New Zealand university. The findings draw from observations, a researcher diary, focus groups, individual interviews, and data from social media. The study shows that, like their non-disabled peers, the students actively engaged with interactive and collaborative digital technologies to make sense, individually and collectively, of different transition issues before, during and after the first academic trimester of their university journey. This research shows that, from the perspective of students with vision impairments, key issues for transitioning to higher education include the academic system, social connections, disability support, family involvement and their own impairment(s). Transition issues in higher education, in the context of disability, are complex and interconnected. Students with vision impairments actively engage with and adapt digital technologies to manage transition issues. These findings expand the current understanding of transition as well as student retention in higher education in the context of disability and the role of digital technologies. This research recommends tertiary institutions use creatively collaborative and interactive digital technologies to complement transition services and activities for students with disabilities so their participation and inclusion in higher education can be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally work-integrated learning (WIL) programs document tripartite outcomes for students, workplace organisations and universities. This qualitative research study considers a fourth stakeholder, the client. It examines clients' (n=40) perceptions of the benefits of being part of an on-campus Exercise Prescription Clinic (EPC), and students' (n=22) perceptions of their learning outcomes from participation in a New Zealand university's WIL program within a Bachelor of Sport and Exercise. The clinic provides opportunities for clients to undertake physical activity, training and rehabilitation programs in a social, supervised and safe environment, and is accessible to anyone who wants to improve their fitness for sport or health. The findings reinforce the importance of developing WIL experiences that enrich both benefits for the clients and enhance the learning outcomes for students. Designing authentic industry WIL clinical experiences for future health professionals should also enable students the opportunity to engage with a range of clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Child abuse remains a significant issue. Non-accidental head injury (NAHI) is a major cause of mortality in young children with survivors often having to live a life with severe developmental and neurological dysfunction. The aim of this hermeneutic phenomenological research study was to examine the lived experiences of nurses who care for children and their families admitted to hospital with a non-accidental head injury. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six nurses who had at least five years' experience of nursing children with NAHI. Following the interpretive approach described by van Manen data was analyzed and two essential themes identified. Firstly, nursing children with NAHI is different from the care of children admitted with a similar neurological injury related to accidental injuries or medical conditions. Secondly, when nursing these children nurses adopt protective qualities, conceptualized in this study as a shield of protection. The findings of this study support the findings of other studies in regard to the emotional labor required of nurses caring for children who have been subject to child abuse and the importance for nurses of maintaining a professional demeanor. The study highlighted the tensions of sustaining a family-centered care approach when caring for a child with NAHI. It is argued that greater acknowledgment and emotional support for nurses is needed and that a child-centered approach offers a more compatible model of care than Family-Centered Care in the acute phase of caring for children with a NAHI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is one thing to read about the methodology and methods of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological research, the ontic description. It is quite another thing to be faced with an interview transcript. This article draws on a study that asked doctoral students about their experience of doing such research. How did they become "phenomenological/hermeneutic" in their thinking and writing? What helped them to find their way? We offer this article as a means of letting others learn from our own experiences. We support our insights with the writings of Heidegger and Gadamer to show the methodological congruence that is essential to Heideggerian phenomenological hermeneutic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of extended longevity as perceived by centenarians. Centenarians (people over 100 years of age) are the fastest growing group of the ageing population in developed countries. Ten centenarians aged between 100 and 106 years, living in the Lower North Island of New Zealand, participated in the study. The biographical narrative interpretive method of inquiry guided data collection through face-to-face interviews, and thematic analysis was subsequently undertaken. Four themes were identified: (a) 'becoming a centenarian: 'Just another day'; (b) 'growing up in a privileged environment' that revealed four sub-themes: 'having freedom and choice', 'being loved and nurtured', 'living healthy lifestyles' and having 'good education prospects'; (c) 'unique opportunities in adult life'; and (d) 'positive ageing and celebration of longevity'. The centenarians spoke nonchalantly about their experience of turning 100 and positive personalities were prominent features of the participants, who all expressed a sense of acceptance and satisfaction with life and contentment with living in the present, a feature throughout their lives that was ongoing and at an intergenerational level. This study has provided further insights into the existing literature on longevity and through the narratives of the centenarians has demonstrated the value of Erikson's psycho-social stages of development and Tornstam's theory of gerotranscendence when considering positive ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cyanoacrylates are fast-acting adhesives used in procedural medicine including closure of superficial wounds, embolization of truncal vessels pre-operatively, vascular anomalies, visceral false aneurysms, endoleaks, gastrointestinal varices and gastrointestinal bleeding. More recently, catheter-directed cyanoacrylate adhesive closure was introduced as an alternative to endovenous thermal ablation (ETA) to occlude superficial veins of the lower limbs. Objectives: To formulate policies for the safe and effective delivery of cyanoacrylate adhesive closure procedures in Australasia, based on current experience and evidence. Methods: A panel of phlebologists including vascular surgeons, interventional radiologists, dermatologists and research scientists systematically reviewed the available data on cyanoacrylate products used in medicine and shared personal experience with the procedure. The reviewed material included bibliographic and biomedical data, material safety data sheets and data requested and received from manufacturers. Results and recommendations: Cyanoacrylate adhesive closure appears to be an effective treatment for saphenous reflux with occlusion rates at 36 months of 90–95%. We recommend a maximum dose of 10 mL of cyanoacrylate per treatment session. Serious complications are rare, but significant. Hypersensitivity to acrylates is reported in 2.4% of the population and is an important absolute contraindication to cyanoacrylate adhesive closure. 1 Post-procedural inflammatory reactions, including hypersensitivity-type phlebitis, occur in 10–20% of patients. 2 In the long term, cyanoacrylate adhesive closure results in foreign-body granuloma formation within 2–12 months of the procedure. We recommend against the use of cyanoacrylate adhesive closure in patients with uncontrolled inflammatory, autoimmune or granulomatous disorders (e.g. sarcoidosis). Caution should be exercised in patients with significant active systemic disease or infection and alternative therapies such as thermal ablation and foam sclerotherapy should be considered. Conclusions: Cyanoacrylate adhesive closure appears to be an effective endovenous procedure, with short-term closure rates comparable to ETA and therefore greater efficacy than traditional surgery for treating superficial veins of the lower limbs. Ongoing data collection is required to establish the long-term safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Primary health care providers are playing an increasingly important role in providing gender-affirming health care for gender diverse people. This article explores the experiences of a primary care-based pilot clinic providing gender-affirming hormone therapy in Wellington, New Zealand. AIM: To evaluate service users' and health professionals' experiences of a pilot clinic at Mauri Ora (Victoria University of Wellington's Student Health and Counselling Service) that provided gender-affirming hormones through primary care. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with four (out of six) service users and four health professionals about their perspectives on the clinic. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified in service users' interviews, who discussed receiving affirming care due to the clinic's accessibility, relationship-centred care and timeliness. Three themes were identified in the health professionals' interviews, who described how the clinic involves partnership, affirms users' gender and agency, and is adaptable to other primary care settings. Both service users and health professionals discussed concerns about the lack of adequate funding for primary care services and the tensions between addressing mental health needs and accessing timely care. DISCUSSION: The experiences of service users and health professionals confirm the value of providing gender-affirming hormone therapy in primary care. Models based in primary care are likely to increase accessibility, depathologise gender diversity and reduce wait times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant settlement is of particular interest to the field of psychology due to a notable increase in the movement of people over the past few decades. This article explores the ways in which Sri Lankan migrants in New Zealand establish a sense of continuity between the host nation and country of origin. The theoretical framework for this research is informed by elements of ethnographic and indigenous research. We provide a rich understanding of migrant experiences that foregrounds the agency and resilience of migrants, and acknowledges the complexities of the notion of identity and migrant settlement. We explore complex, fluid, and hybrid cultural identities as experienced by Sri Lankan migrants and their negotiations of space and place, material practices, and objects of significance, such as an educational institution, antique dinnerware, and furniture with colonial origins. The present research thereby, argues for the need to acknowledge both the historical and current contexts that shape migrants' sense of habitus and cultural identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to seek answer to the following question: Does participating in storytelling changes participants' life experiences in their journey of recovery? The study explores participants' experiences of engaging in a storytelling programme in a community mental health team in a large New Zealand city. The programme aims to provide a safe environment to support and increase participants' engagement with services and the community. Currently, there is limited literature on consumer's experiences of engaging in therapeutic storytelling programmes in the international or New Zealand context. Design/methodology/approach: Following ethical approval, eight adult participants were recruited to the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using the six-phase process of thematic analysis, developed by Braun and Clarke. Findings: Three main themes emerged from the data. The first theme, breaking barriers, was described by participants as to how they overcame barriers. The second theme, creating positive memories, uncovered the positive experiences that participants gained from the programme. The final theme, becoming a new person, described some of the transformative experiences that emerged through participation in the programme. Originality/value: This is the first qualitative study in the New Zealand context that has explored the value of a storytelling programme from a consumer's perspective. The findings suggest that participating in a storytelling programme can contribute to a participant's journey of recovery; the use of myths, legends and group work is fundamental to those from collective cultures with oral traditions. The ongoing value of storytelling as a therapeutic tool requires further research and the development of a clearer evidence base to inform practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To explore the experiences of first‐year nursing students, their motivations for working and how they juggled study and other commitments while engaging in paid work. Background: There has been a global rise in the number of students balancing full‐time study, paid work and other commitments, with the main antecedent financial reasons. Design: Qualitative exploratory study. Methods: Drawn from a larger Australasian sequential exploratory mixed‐method study, this qualitative study was conducted with fifty first‐year undergraduate nursing and midwifery students who commenced their nursing studies in 2017. Telephone or face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with purposively selected students engaged in either nursing or non‐nursing fields of work. Interviews were conducted from April–July 2017. Interviews lasted from 15–40 min. Results were thematically analysed. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) applied. Findings: Two main themes and accompanying subthemes were identified. The first theme explored students' motivation behind combining work and study and identified the need for financial security and "me time". The second theme "Juggling many balls" provided insights into the benefits students perceived, how they kept the "balls" in the air and at times dropped "balls" while balancing work, study and other commitments. Conclusions: The motivation behind paid work was mainly financial; however, students also reported work allowed an escape and time for self which had social and health benefits. Working provided a range of positive benefits, including a sense of achievement, improved self‐esteem and financial independence. Relevance to clinical practice: Being able to juggle and multi‐task improved skills such as organisation and the ability to prioritise, all skills that have applicability for the role as registered nurse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth satisfaction impacts on a man's adjustment to his new role as father. Fathers have been found to have needs similar to those of mothers during pregnancy and childbirth. Research suggests that these needs may not be being met for first-time fathers. In a quantitative survey, fathers' birth satisfaction was similar to mothers. This study then used a phenomenological form of thematic analysis to gain an insight into the birth experiences of 155 first-time New Zealand fathers. Core themes included safety of mother and baby, understanding support role, mother in control and managing pain and care and communication after birth. Fathers commented on what impacted on their childbirth experiences and in so doing outlined their needs for a positive experience. Fathers experienced a high level of satisfaction along with a need to be involved and included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assisted dying although illegal in New Zealand, is often in the spotlight and surrounded by much debate. Moreover, while sentencing may take into account the motivation (ending of suffering) of those who assist, this is done on a case-by-case basis, with the process and resulting punishment extremely taxing on the offender psychologically, physically and emotionally. The present study explored the personal experiences of family members who had assisted with the death of a loved one and resulting consequences (legal, emotional, psychological). The goal was to explore how someone made sense of their personal experience with assisted dying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three participants. Findings suggest that the act of assisted dying was motivated primarily by altruistic reasons, driven by empathy and compassion towards a suffering loved one. The act of assisted dying resulted in unforeseeable life-changing events such as imprisonment, activism for legalisation of euthanasia, and loss of significant relationships. The overall experience was characterised by coping strategies, predominantly negative emotional states, and a deliberate defiance of established legal and medical systems. Participants represented a sub-group of altruistic offenders. Findings draw attention to the four principles of medical ethics - autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice in relation to assisted dying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is global acceptance of the need for prelicensure nursing students to complete practice experience hours during their program of education. Yet questions remain about these practice experiences, including those related to duration. Method: This article reports findings of a scoping exercise that compared the number of practice experience hours mandated for students undertaking courses that lead to RN licensure in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results: Substantial differences were evident between the four countries regarding the number of mandated practice experience hours. There is no clearly linked research evidence to justify the decision made in relation to the mandated number of hours. Conclusion: Internationally, there is a need to reexamine the rationale for mandating a minimum number of practice experience hours for students in programs of education that lead to licensing as an RN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Zealand Ministry of Education’s proposal for an updated service to support children experiencing communication difficulties provides an opportunity to consider the essential criteria required for children to express their opinion, information and ideas as outlined under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This commentary begins with a summary of key policies that provide strategic direction for enhancing children’s rights to be actively involved in the development of services designed to support them and to communicate and participate in inclusive environments. The authors use a human rights lens to inform the development of speech-language pathology services that facilitate individuals’ contribution and engagement and are responsive to their needs. A review of international literature describing the lived experience of children and young people identifies key factors related to accessible information, service coordination, holistic practice, and partnerships that facilitate co-constructed understanding and decision-making. The commentary concludes with suggested recommendations for structuring services, establishing partnership models, and capability building. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose Most studies of growing up with a long-term condition focus on older children and adolescents and are condition-specific. Relatively few studies address the experiences of children in middle childhood or consider their experience across a range of conditions, countries, and health settings. This study aimed to explore children's perceptions and understandings of how their lives are shaped (or not) by a long-term condition and its associated management. Design and methods A qualitative, participatory methodology using autodriven photoelicitation interviews (PEIs) with 45 purposively recruited children (6-12 years) with long-term conditions (e.g., hemophilia, arthritis, Crohn's disease), from England, New Zealand, and Australia was utilized. PEI facilitated the construction of inductively derived understandings of the children's experiences as the children had control over creating and then selecting which photographs to discuss with the researcher. Results Interpretive thematic analysis of the interviews and content analysis of the photographs resulted in an overarching theme, 'It's not who I am ...' but it is part of me, and three subthemes: getting on with my life; the special value of family, friendship, support, and comfort; and things that get in the way of getting on. Across all ages and the three countries, the children actively projected their self-concept as 'well' children and they strove, through their photographs and their accompanying explanations of their lives, to emphasize that they were 'normal' children. They were active social agents who demonstrated their capacity to shape parts of their lives interdependently with their parents and the requirements of their condition. Practice implications Pediatric nurses should be aware of the importance that children with long-term conditions place on projecting and protecting their sense of being normal and ensure that when they engage with children that they take account of the children's understandings and efforts to live a life constrained but not limited by the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Teaching and learning female pelvic examination within the undergraduate medical curriculum offers some potential challenges. One such is the extent to which students are provided practice opportunities with patients in the clinical setting. Aims To quantify how many pelvic examinations, on real patients, have been performed by medical students at the point of graduation, and to explore opportunities and barriers to performing these examinations. Materials and methods A retrospective study using a self-completed, anonymous, electronic survey was developed as part of a multi-centre study. Data were collected in the immediate period after graduation from the medical programs at the University of Auckland and Flinders University in 2013. An ordinal set of range categories was used for recording numbers of examinations. Results The combined response rate for the survey was 42.9% (134/312). The median range category for the number of pelvic examinations performed in patients who were not in labour was 6-9 and in labour was 2-3. Thirty-three percent of medical students had never performed a pelvic examination in labour. Male medical students performed significantly fewer pelvic examinations compared with female students. Self-reported barriers to performing the pelvic exam include: gender of the student, 'gate-keeping' by other health professionals, lack of confidence and patient factors. Conclusions The majority of medical students have performed several pelvic examinations on real patients at graduation. Male gender and access being limited by midwives were the main barriers to performing female pelvic examinations. Medical curricula need to address these issues in the learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physiological risks of ketamine have been well researched, yet for health professionals (HPs) undertaking paediatric ketamine sedation, questions of benefit and harm remain. Research question: What are health care professional's experiences of undertaking ketamine sedation with children? Methodology: Hermeneutic narrative. Methods: The study comprised hermeneutic narrative analysis of stories from seven HPs in nursing, medicine, paramedicine, and play therapy. Findings: The theme, "seeking to control and protect" reveals the chaotic nature of paediatric emergency work and how ketamine can deliver control. The second theme "working in the dark" acknowledges that HPs try to balance perceived benefit and harm, adopting "dream-seeding" in an attempt to mitigate potentially negative psychotropic events. Conclusion: The study recommends further research into children's experiences of ketamine sedation and the use of dream-seeding to mitigate negative emergence phenomena. It also recommends education for clinicians to increase awareness of the potential for non-physiological risk and harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sustained high blood glucose as prediabetes are an established comorbidity. People's experience in reconciling these long-term conditions requires deeper appreciation if nurses are to more effectively support person-centred care for people who have them. Our analysis explores the initial experience of people admitted to hospital with CVD who then find they also have sustained high blood glucose. Our methodology is informed by the philosophy of Gadamer and applies interpretive description to develop an interpretation of participant experiences. The major theme emerging from participant interviews was the 'invisible disequilibrium' characterised by three subthemes: 'losing equilibrium', 'becoming embattled' and 'evolving illness'. This study examines CVD and prediabetes in conjunction with the Gadamerian notion of the 'whole', as being in a social and emotional world in which illness is also a component part. We explore how participants lived within an 'invisible disequilibrium', with prediabetes frequently remaining unnoticed, while CVD was manifest. To identify multiple conditions and support effective intervention to manage them as part of person-centric care, nursing practice should explore the 'whole' of the person's experience, value people's knowledge as potential indicators of complex illness, thereby reducing the risk of accelerating complex illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, physiotherapists have become concerned with cultural, economic, philosophical, political, and social questions and have been exploring more flexible ways of speaking about and practicing physiotherapy. While recognizing the need to embrace a broader range of perspectives, physiotherapy educators and other medical educators have been at a loss as to how to best achieve this. Drawing on two examples from South Africa and New Zealand, we seek to illustrate possibilities and barriers to teaching social sciences to physiotherapy students, specifically theories of embodiment as an alternative to the biopsychosocial model. We review each educator’s choice of embodiment theory in curriculum design and the role of the educator’s disciplinary background on teaching, learning, and assessing that learning. Against this background, we explore physiotherapy students’ experiences with theories of embodiment and possible transformative implications for their self-worth and/or professional practices. We suggest that students were able to explore physiotherapy’s relation to the body and the profession’s historical inattention toward the body as a philosophical/theoretical construct. From the lessons learned, some can perhaps be usefully passed onto others thinking of introducing a more diverse and inclusive approach of the body; one that we argue will be needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In New Zealand undergraduate health professional degrees focus on aspects of indigenous (Maori) health. Formal and informal feedback suggests that for individual students the impact of those components in respect of Maori health varies. Separate and sequential interprofessional groups of students from seven health professions participated in an innovative and immersive Interprofessional programme. All participating students had prior exposure during their respective degrees to theoretical perspectives of indigenous health. At the end of each and every 5-week long programme each cohort of student contributed to a focus group discussion. Analysis revealed that for these groups of students the real-life exposure to an indigenous community was positively regarded and, in some instances, transformative. The students also reported that the 'lived' experience in an indigenous community built upon and in many cases extended prior learning of indigenous health. Whilst the results are encouraging it must be noted that the students who were exposed to this experience represented less than 10% of the entire student population. It is clear that a key challenge for us is to enable more students to be exposed to this powerful learning experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creative arts can be used to support stakeholders of mental health services to communicate and share their lived experience. Digital storytelling is one method that has been used to capture people's lived experience. In this scoping review, we were interested in mapping how digital storytelling has been used in mental health, and to identify gaps in the literature. Nine databases were searched to identify peer reviewed literature published between January 2000 and August 2015; 15 articles were included in the review. The articles were categorized across four broad areas: educational interventions, learning skills, learning about other people's lived experience, and learning about personal lived experience. We identify that while digital storytelling has potential as a participatory process to promote mutual understanding of and empathy towards lived experiences in mental health, there is a dearth of research in this area. More research is needed on the use of digital storytelling in mental health to determine its effectiveness in progressing a recovery orientation in service provision that is built on solidarity and a social justice agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aotearoa/New Zealand Adoption Act 1955 legislated and governed adoption practices from 1955 to 1985. Through an exploration of the historical, cultural and social assumptions underlying the Adoption Act 1955, this article questions how the social power relations complicit with adoption legislation and policy produce and reproduce subject positions for adoptees. In-depth narrative interviews were conducted with 12 adoptees from throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand. The researchers found the legal constitution of adoptees produces them as legitimate; however, they remain 'other' through dominant discourses of heteronormative blood kinship that reiterates their illegitimacy. The legal fiction of their legitimacy as if born to failed to secure them space within normative narratives of kinship and compromised adoptees' ability to take up responsibility as neoliberal citizens. Current New Zealand debate on adoption fails to take account of the experience of adoptees, focusing instead on the rights of married couples, including same-sex couples, to continue practices of adoption. Our analysis informs the critical importance of listening to how adoptees experience repeated exclusions and enduring loss represented by the metaphor of no-man's land. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of people dying in advanced old age is increasing rapidly and building the evidence base regarding end - of - life care for older people has been identified as an international policy priority. The unique opportunity to link longitudinal studies of ageing with studies exploring the end of life circumstances of older people remains under-exploited internationally. Very little is known about the specific circumstances, cultural needs and care preferences of indigenous older people, including Māori, at end - of - life and the needs of their whānau/ extended family carers. Methods: We will use rigorous qualitative methods to conduct post-bereavement interviews with bereaved whānau and family of 50-60 people who died >80 years; approximately half of participants will be Maori. The older decedents were participants in the first longitudinal study of older people involving a specific indigenous cohort internationally: Te Puāwaitanga O Ngā Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu, Life and Living in Advanced Age: a Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ). Prior to death, they completed a questionnaire regarding their end-of-life preferences and nominated a family or whānau member to participate in this separate study exploring end-of-life circumstances of those in advanced age. Discussion: Recommendations to improve care will be formulated in collaboration with participants and their local hapū (sub-tribe). Ultimately this study has the potential to inform better outcomes for the growing numbers of people dying in advanced old age both in New Zealand and internationally, as well as their whānau and family caregivers. It also highlights the ability to generate an in-depth understanding of end-of-life circumstances by appending studies of palliative and end-of-life care onto existing longitudinal studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Explore the coming out narratives in a group of older gay men. Methods A narrative gerontological approach was employed to explore the coming out narratives of older gay men. Semi-structured digitally recorded individual interviews were undertaken with 12 gay men aged between 65 and 81 years who lived in the community. Data were analysed using a narrative data analytic process. Results Three collective narratives related to the coming out of older gay men were identified: 'early gay experiences', 'trying not to be gay' and 'acceptance'. Conclusion Older gay men come from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds. However, they all grew up in an era where same-sex attraction was a criminal offence. The path to accepting being a gay man was individualised and stressful for these participants. Consequently health and social service providers need to support the ongoing development of resilience and provide a person-centred approach to care that promotes wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate whether individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience a greater number of adverse life events (ALE) compared to controls, to identify significant predictors of experiencing ALE and whether the severity of childhood TBI negatively influences adult life outcomes. Design: A total of 167 individuals, injured prior to age 18, 5 or more years post-injury and 18 or more years of age, were recruited in the Canterbury region of New Zealand, with 124 having sustained childhood TBI (62 mild, 62 moderate/severe) and 43 orthopaedic injury controls. Participants were asked about ALE they had experienced and other adult life outcomes. Results: Individuals with a history of TBI experienced more ALE compared to controls. The number of ALE experienced by an individual was associated with more visits to the doctor, lower education level and lower satisfaction with material standard of living. Conclusions: Childhood TBI is associated with an increased number of ALE and adult negative life outcomes. Understanding factors that contribute to negative outcomes following childhood TBI will provide an avenue for rehabilitation and support to reduce any problems in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the challenges and positive experiences of researchers who work with people who have experienced an acquired brain injury and their families. Methods: People who were currently or had previously worked as a researcher in the field of acquired brain injury (using either quantitative or qualitative methods) were invited to participate in a focus group or individual interview about their experiences. An expert reference group meeting was held to discuss strategies that could be implemented to enhance the researcher experience based on the interview data. Results: A total of 19 researchers who worked across four different research teams took part in the study. Six inter-connected themes were identified: researcher motivation, meaning and fulfillment; human connection; knowing and understanding the role; complexity of brain injury in the research context; the research process; and state of the researcher. A number of recommendations for supporting researchers more effectively were identified. Discussion: Researchers described a number of positive aspects as well as tensions they encountered in their role. The findings highlight the need to ensure researchers are supported effectively to ensure the quality of research studies in the field of brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The memory of combat experience endures in World War II veterans. As veterans age, traumatic memory that previously may have been suppressed in the busyness of family and everyday life can re-emerge. Combat stress may affect not only the veterans, but also those people closely associated with them. Interviews were conducted with World War II veteran aircrew, wives, children, grandchildren, siblings, and friends to examine the impact of combat experience on the veterans and the family across the life course from the perspectives of the various participants. The combat experience significantly affected the life course of most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To develop and psychometrically test the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit-Nursing Knowledge and Skills Test - a multiple-choice test for measuring the key nursing knowledge and skills required for safe, competent practice. Background Intensive care graduate nurse residency or orientation programmes are key strategies in the development of safe and competent practitioners. Essential to these programmes is an evaluation of knowledge and skills. Multiple-choice examinations provide a valuable way of evaluating broad knowledge and skills; however, there has been limited work in this area to date. Design Psychometric evaluation. Methods The instrument was administered to 79 nurses from four paediatric intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand over 18 months between 2008-2010. Internal consistency using Kuder-Richardson 20, item analysis and construct validity using the 'known groups' technique were explored. Results Kuder-Richardson 20 reliability estimate for the 109-item test was 0·85. Instrument scores were significantly higher amongst nurses with postgraduate education and more years of paediatric intensive care experience. Item difficulty indices ranged from 0·08 to 1, with a mean item difficulty of 0·66. Item discrimination ranged from 0·2-0·8. Conclusion Testing of the instrument demonstrated encouraging psychometric properties. With additional refinement, this tool could provide educators and managers with an instrument to assist in the assessment of knowledge and skill acquisition. The instrument requires further testing in different samples of paediatric intensive care nurses to enable validation in other settings and cross-cultural comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplay between religion, morality, and community-making is a core theme across human experience, yet scholars have only recently begun to quantify these links. Drawing on a sample of 1512 self-identified religious – mainly Christian (86.0%) – New Zealanders, we used structural equation modeling to test hypothesized associations between Religious Orientations (Quest, Intrinsic, Extrinsic Personal, Extrinsic Social) and Moral Foundations (Care/Harm, Fairness/Cheating, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Subversion, Sanctity/Degradation). Our results show, for the first time in a comprehensive model, how different ways of valuing communities are associated with different ways of valuing religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers an analysis of the significance of intergenerational living patterns and relationships as the mechanisms by which Pacific grandparents preserve and transmit indigenous cultural values, beliefs, and practices. A case example from a study conducted among Māori grandparents in Aotearoa, New Zealand, serves as the core focus of discussion. Seventeen grandparents were interviewed about their lived experiences in their multiple generation homes. Findings indicate that intergenerational life is a means for linking generations and transmission of indigenous culture to the next generation. Participants discussed their intergenerational relationship with much affection and love for their grandchildren and family. Discussion and implications for future research and practice are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigated the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of subjective judgements of cough in patients following inhalation of citric acid. Eleven speech-language pathologists (SLPs) currently using cough reflex testing in their clinical practice (experienced raters) and 34 SLPs with no experience using cough reflex testing (inexperienced raters) were recruited to the study. Participants provided a rating of strong, weak, or absent to 10 video segments of cough responses elicited by inhalation of nebulized citric acid. The same video segments presented in a different sequence were re-evaluated by the same clinicians following a 15-minute break. Inter-rater reliability for experienced raters was calculated with a Fleiss' generalized kappa of .487; intra-rater reliability was higher with a kappa of .700. Inexperienced raters showed similar reliability, with kappa values for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of .363 and .618, respectively. In conclusion, SLPs demonstrate only fair-to-moderate reliability in subjectively judging a patient's cough response to citric acid. Experience in making cough judgements does not improve inter-rater reliability significantly. Further validity and reliability research, including an evaluation of the effect of training on judgement reliability, would be beneficial for guiding clinical policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective: Safety events indicating medication-related errors in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common but seldom studied, particularly from lay perspectives. Our objective was to study the meaning and significance to people living with PD of their experience of safety events. Methods: Twenty qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone with purposively sampled individuals with PD, a proxy, or both, throughout New Zealand. Themes identified from the data included joint assessments of the objective and subjective severity of the individual safety events. Results and Discussion: Most of the events indicated minor objective errors, whose severity was sometimes perceived as major, especially in the face of callous communication. What is new and Conclusion: Variation between objective and subjective assessments of the severity of possible errors indicated by safety events highlight the importance of distinguishing between, and using, both forms of assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual offending is a topic that often invokes heated debate and strong opinions among individuals from all walks of life. Generally, those who commit crimes of a sexual nature are uniformly abhorred, especially those who sexually abuse children. While the presence of these views is widely acknowledged, little is known about what these views are or how they develop. This study aimed to answer this question by conducting focus groups in various centres around New Zealand. The results showed that the news media was identified as the most important source of information on sexual offenders, although there was some scepticism in regard to the veracity of such information. Some of the views expressed were consistent with current understandings of sexual offending while some appeared to be borne of a lack of information. The results are considered in light of current research and the implications and future directions for further research are discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Obtaining paid employment is beneficial for youth during and following treatment for substance abuse. A training program for acquiring employment was implemented at a residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation facility for nine residents who were near to completing the program. Data are presented from three residents with the most complete data sets. Skills training was provided for completing biographic information on job application forms, job searching by telephone and in person, and job interviews. The training process included behavioral procedures of providing instructions, modeling, role-play, and feedback. Improvements were demonstrated across all behaviors and participants after the training and generalized to real community materials and settings. All participants who remained in treatment also gained real work experience opportunities or regular paid employment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study documents the lifetime and 12-month prevalence and overlap of psychological/emotional, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) reported by a representative sample of New Zealand women. Use of controlling behaviors by women's current or most recent intimate partner was also explored. The results indicated that 55% of ever-partnered women had experienced any IPV in their lifetime: 33% had experienced more than one type of IPV (usually psychological/emotional violence and physical and/or sexual violence), and 22% had experienced one type of IPV. Use of controlling behaviors by the woman's current or most recent partner was associated with partner's use of physical or sexual violence. Implications are discussed at the population level, for service providers, and for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gale CK, Wells JE, McGee MA, Oakley Browne MA. A latent class analysis of psychosis-like experiences in the New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Objective: To describe the underlying structure of psychosis-like experiences in the New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Method: A nationwide survey of household residents aged 16+ years was undertaken ( n = 7435), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (3.0), including a six question lifetime screener for psychosis. Participants were grouped in three ways: by the number of 'symptoms' (occurring when not dreaming, half-asleep or under the influences of drugs) and by latent classes derived from binary responses (no/yes) or ordinal responses (never/sub-threshold/few times/many times). Results: Psychosis-like events were not uncommon (7.3%; 95% CIs 6.5-8.1), particularly experiences of visual (5.3%; 95% CIs 4.7-6.0) or auditory hallucinations (2.8%; 95% CIs 2.3-3.3). Both latent class analyses indicated a 'normal' class, a 'hallucinatory class' and a 'psychotic' class. The lifetime probability of anxiety, mood or substance disorders and the lifetime probability of seeking help for mental health problems increased from 'normal' to 'hallucinatory' to 'psychotic' classes and with the 'symptom' count. Conclusion: The presence of sub-threshold events and variation in the number of times a 'symptom' is experienced suggest a psychosis continuum. However, the latent classes labelled 'hallucinatory' and 'psychotic' differ markedly in symptomatology, which suggests some form of discrete clustering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A qualitative analysis of the accounts of 29 adults who grew up in a controversial New Zealand community identified positive and negative experiences and their psychological implications. In addition to highly publicized child sexual abuse that occurred at Centrepoint, children also experienced parental neglect, psychological manipulation, illegal drug use and stigma from the broader society. These factors created an adverse matrix that facilitated sexual abuse. Positive experiences included support for vulnerable families and children, recreational activities, and the opportunity to develop communication skills. While there may be positive experiences for children living in intentional communities such as this one, it is important to be aware of the potential for psychological harm to children in communities with powerful, shared systems of belief, skepticism about the broader society, and strong dynamics of dependence. These findings may have implications for other similar communities operating elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of reflection for learning has been emphasised in professional education programmes. In teacher education, a number of researchers have claimed the success of various initiatives in developing teachers as reflective practitioners. However, there appear to be few studies comparing and contrasting beginning and experienced teachers' perceptions of the usefulness of reflection for practice. The study reported here examined how reflection was used by experienced and beginning teachers who were formally introduced to the same model of reflection. The data were collected as part of two separate qualitative studies, one a study of 12 beginning teachers and one of 12 experienced teachers, via semi-structured interviews. The findings suggested that both groups of teachers moved from being somewhat sceptical about reflection, to embracing reflection as a tool to analyse and modify their practice. A major difference between the two groups related to the scope, focus and impact of their reflective activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internationally the recruitment and retention of Indigenous and minority peoples into nursing is a persistent challenge, despite their participation being essential in reducing health disparities and improving health service quality for Indigenous and minority users. We aimed to identify Māori (Indigenous to New Zealand) nursing students' experiences of undertaking a nursing degree program. A non-experimental cross-sectional survey was undertaken with undergraduate nursing students identifying as Māori. The surveys were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. One hundred and eight students responded, with a career, stable income, and desire to make a difference in Māori health outcomes motivating most to embark on a nursing program. They reported numerous obstacles that compromised their academic advancement. However, affirming students' identities; providing academic support; accessing Indigenous role models, mentors and relevant clinical experiences; and, having supportive teaching and learning environments and the inclusion of Indigenous content in curricula; were identified as strategies that promoted retention in nursing programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The society in which a woman breastfeeds has a significant effect on how she will interpret her breastfeeding experiences; however, only limited research has been conducted on the phenomenon of breastfeeding, despite the recognition that the majority of women do not breastfeed beyond 6 months. In this article I present the findings of a research study that explored the experience of breastfeeding for 19 women in New Zealand using an interpretive lifeworld methodology. The participants engaged in interviews about their experience of breastfeeding. The interviews were analyzed alongside Heidegger's exposition of the "they" as a dialogical partner. The findings are presented in themes that articulate how women experience societal culture when breastfeeding, and how this culture influences their interpretations of their breastfeeding experiences. This research contributes to expanding understandings about why women might wean their infants prematurely, and provides insights into how health care professionals might support women to prolong breastfeeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]