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Physical activity (PA) is recommended to both promote and maintain health and prevent cancer by improving the body's DNA repair system, which is considered a mechanism of cancer prevention. However, associations between PA and urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), which reflects DNA damage, are unclear. This cross-sectional study included 2370 men and 4052 women aged 45-74 years enrolled between 2010 and 2012. Habitual PA was assessed by single-axis accelerometer and urinary 8-OH-dG levels by automated HPLC. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between log-transformed urinary 8-OH-dG and total PA (TPA) and PA of moderate/vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3 metabolic equivalents), with adjustment for age, body mass index, energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, daily coffee drinking, menopause status (in women), and TPA (for MVPA). On multivariate adjustment, urinary 8-OH-dG levels were inversely correlated with TPA (β = -0.020, P < 0.01) in women, and this correlation was not changed by PA intensity. Conversely, urinary 8-OH-dG levels were inversely correlated with MVPA (β = -0.022, P < 0.05) in men, although the correlation with TPA was non-significant. This inverse correlation was clearer in current smokers than in never or former smokers, although the interaction between smoking status and MVPA on urinary 8-OH-dG levels was non-significant. In conclusion, greater TPA in women and greater MVPA in men were correlated with reduction in urinary 8-OH-dG, suggesting sex-specific effects of MVPA and TPA on protection from oxidative DNA damage. Increasing PA may mediate reduction in oxidative stress., (© 2016 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.)

To examine the orthostatic influence on heart rate and blood pressure variability in persons with tetraplegia playing wheelchair basketball, ten trained persons with tetraplegia, ten untrained persons with tetraplegia, and ten able-bodied participated in this study. Spectrum analysis of the ECG R-R interval and blood-pressure on a beat-by-beat basis during head-up tilt 60 degrees sitting were performed. The ratio of the high frequency to total frequency (HF/TF) in the R-R interval decreased from supine (0.5 +/- 0.2) to sitting (0.3 +/- 0.2), and the low frequency (LF) power in systolic blood pressure increased from 4.7 +/- 9.1 to 15.0 +/- 13.1 mmHg(2) only in the untrained persons with tetraplegia (P < 0.01). The decrease in the HF/TF ratio in the untrained persons with tetraplegia indicates attenuated parasympathetic activity to the orthostatic challenge and the similar increase in LF power indicate that parasympathetic activity was reduced and sympathetic activity increased only in these persons. These results suggest that training enhances cardiovascular stability in tetraplegic subjects.