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Objective: Diabetes is a metabolic disease which is linked to increased physical disabilities and muscle tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interval and continued exercises with crocin on Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in diabetic obese rats. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 56 adult diabetic rats (high-fat diet and venous injection of streptozotocin) were selected and randomly assigned to groups (1), intense interval exercises (2), low intensity exercise (3), intense interval exercise with crocin consumption, (4) Low intensity exercise with crocin consumption, (5) Crocin consumption, (6) sham and (7) control were divided. Intense interval and low intensity exercise groups lasted for 8 weeks, three sessions per week, with intensity of 80 to 85 and 50 to 55 percent of maximum treadmill running, and crocin consumption groups for 8 weeks per day, mg / kg 25 crocin were taken peritoneal. To analyze the research hypotheses, Kolmogorov- Smirnov tests, independent T- tests and two-way multi-variable analysis of variance were used along with Benferron's comparison method. It should be noted that the significance level in all measurements was considered to be P-value≤ 0.05. Results: Results showed that exercise (P-value: 0.12) and crocin (Pvalue: 0.10) consumption had no significant effect on Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression in diabetic rats. Also interaction of exercise and crocin consumption on Bax/Bcl-2 was not significant (P-value: 0.12). Conclusion: It appears that exercise and crocin consumption have not interaction effect on improvement of Bax / Bcl-2 ratio in diabetic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the listening to motivational music and lactate and cortisol response to a single circuit resistance exercise (CRE) in male handball players. Sixteen handball players were randomly assigned to two equal groups of eight participants that trained with the intensities of 60% (G60) and 80% (G80) of their 1RM. G60 and G80 performed the exercise with (G60-M and G80-M) and without (G60-nM and G80-nM) music. Serum cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone (GH) and lactate levels were measured before (BE), immediately (IAE) and two hours after the exercise (2AE). In all groups, GH and lactate increased from BE to IAE and decreased from IAE to 2AE (p=0.05). Serum cortisol levels decreased from BE to IAE and BE to 2AE in the group G60-M (p=0.05). Listening to motivational music during CRE had no effect on GH, epinephrine and norepinephrine, yet decreased responses of lactate and cortisol were observed, which might be one of underlying mechanisms of fatigue reduction. More studies are needed to understand the exact mechanisms about the hormonal responses to music listening during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]