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Regular exercise is to increase children's physical and functional capacities. Significant degree of physical working capacity in children with growth changes. Developmental age children tend to grow faster than the body parts of the body. This period of major changes occur in the children's motor skills. The purpose of this study, that girls swimming training as height, weight, and in particular to investigate whether the effect of the arms and hand grip strength of the development

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the warm-up habit and level of knowledge in the amateur athletes. Materials and methods: A total of 510 amateur athletes aged between 17 and 30 years with the mean sport age of 6.2±3.4 years were included. There were 360 males (mean age 22.4±2.0 years) and 150 females (mean age 21.2±2.1 years). Warm-up habits of athletes were obtained using by the Likert-type survey questionnaire consisting of 20 questions. The reliability coefficient of the survey had been calculated as cronbach alph=0.647, KMO=0.715, Barlett=1968.711 (p<0.05). Results: It was observed that 56.3% of the athletes had sportive success in elite level and 25% of the male athletes and 32% of the female athletes had never injured before. Item of "warm-up has no effect on the performance of the athlete" was rejected with the mean score of 2.70±0.93, item of "warm-up lessens the risk of being injured for the athletes" was accepted by majority (83.9%). Of all athletes, 83.9% of them had been injured more than once. The warm-up habit was found to be performed in 47.8% at pre-training or pre-competition periods, however cool-down habit was found in 17.3% of athletes at the end of activity. Conclusion: There was a common belief that warm-up had a positive effect on the performance of the athletes, reduced the risk of injury, increased the movement angle of joints. But it can be said that habits of the amateurs was not at a sufficient level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 week swimming exercise on adult sedentary men's respiratory functions, resting heart rate, blood pressures and body composition. Materials and methods: A total of 80 volunteers (40 in the study group, 40 in the control group), aged between 20 and 29 years were included. The participants' body weight, percentage of body fat (PBF), body mass index (BMI), resting heart rate (RHR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), and respiratory functions were measured before and after 8 week of swimming training program and compared with each other. Results: Significant decreases were observed between pre- and post-exercise (following 8 weeks exercise training) in PBF (18.1±5% vs. 14.3±4%, respectively), RHR (83.1±6/min vs. 74.6±3.8/min), DBP (83±7,2 mmHg vs. 74.6±3,8 mmHg) (p<0.001). Significant increases were observed between pre-test and post-test measurements in forced expiration volume (4.1±0.9 lt vs. 5.4±0.8 lt, respectively), forced vital capacity (4.4±1.1 lt vs. 6±1.1 lt) vital capacity (4.9±1.2 lt vs. 6.6±1.2 lt), maximum voluntarily ventilation (140.6±30.3 lt vs. 185.4±29 lt) (p>0.001). No significant differences were found between pre-test and post-test measurements in body weight (78.1±11.4 kg vs. 75.3±9.9 kg, respectively), BMI (25.2±3.9 kg/m2 vs. 24.3±2.8 kg/m2) and SBP (127.6±11.8 mmHg vs. 115.8±5.1 mmHg) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Eight weeks swimming exercise reduced the PBF and increased the forced expiration volume, maximum voluntarily ventilation, vital capacity and forced vital capacity. Swimming training also decreased RHR and balanced DBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]