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Background: This study aimed at investigating the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in predicting executive function in children aged four to six years., Methods: Response inhibition as index of EF was assessed in 197 children using a go/nogo task. A cumulative dopamine (DA) genetic score was calculated, indexing predisposition of low DA activity. Dimensions of parenting behavior and parental education were assessed., Results: Parental education was positively related to accuracy in nogo trials. An interaction between the cumulative genetic score and the parenting dimension Responsiveness predicted go RT indicating that children with a high cumulative genetic score and high parental responsiveness exhibited a careful response mode., Conclusion: The development of EF in kindergarten children is related to parental education as well as to an interaction between the molecular-genetics of the DA system and parenting behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None to be declared., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)