6 results on '"Dercole, Fabio"'
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2. Remarks on branching-extinction evolutionary cycles
- Author
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Dercole, Fabio
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- 2003
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3. The social diversification of fashion.
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Landi, Pietro and Dercole, Fabio
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FASHION , *SOCIAL interaction , *SOCIAL norms , *STEREOTYPES , *SEXUAL attraction - Abstract
We propose a model to investigate the dynamics of fashion traits purely driven by social interactions. We assume that people adapt their style to maximize social success, and we describe the interaction as a repeated group game in which the payoffs reflect the social norms dictated by fashion. On one hand, the tendency to imitate the trendy stereotypes opposed to the tendency to diverge from them to proclaim identity; on the other hand, the exploitation of sex appeal for dating success opposed to the moral principles of the society. These opposing forces promote diversity in fashion traits, as predicted by the modeling framework of adaptive dynamics. Our results link the so-called horizontal dynamics-- the primary driver of fashion evolution, compared with the vertical dynamics accounting for interclass and economic drivers--to style variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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4. The Branching Bifurcation of Adaptive Dynamics.
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Della Rossa, Fabio, Dercole, Fabio, and Landi, Pietro
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BRANCHING processes , *BIFURCATION theory , *ADAPTIVE control systems , *ABIOTIC environment , *SMOOTHNESS of functions - Abstract
We unfold the bifurcation involving the loss of evolutionary stability of an equilibrium of the canonical equation of Adaptive Dynamics (AD). The equation deterministically describes the expected long-term evolution of inheritable traits - phenotypes or strategies - of coevolving populations, in the limit of rare and small mutations. In the vicinity of a stable equilibrium of the AD canonical equation, a mutant type can invade and coexist with the present - resident - types, whereas the fittest always win far from equilibrium. After coexistence, residents and mutants effectively diversify, according to the enlarged canonical equation, only if natural selection favors outer rather than intermediate traits - the equilibrium being evolutionarily unstable, rather than stable. Though the conditions for evolutionary branching - the joint effect of resident-mutant coexistence and evolutionary instability - have been known for long, the unfolding of the bifurcation has remained a missing tile of AD, the reason being related to the nonsmoothness of the mutant invasion fitness after branching. In this paper, we develop a methodology that allows the approximation of the invasion fitness after branching in terms of the expansion of the (smooth) fitness before branching. We then derive a canonical model for the branching bifurcation and perform its unfolding around the loss of evolutionary stability. We cast our analysis in the simplest (but classical) setting of asexual, unstructured populations living in an isolated, homogeneous, and constant abiotic environment; individual traits are one-dimensional; intra- as well as inter-specific ecological interactions are described in the vicinity of a stationary regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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5. BRANCHING SCENARIOS IN ECO-EVOLUTIONARY PREY-PREDATOR MODELS.
- Author
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LANDI, PIETRO, DERCOLE, FABIO, and RINALDI, SERGIO
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BIODIVERSITY research , *PREDATION , *COEVOLUTION , *GENETIC polymorphism research , *SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
We show in this paper how simulations of ODEs and continuations of systems of algebraic equations can be combined to study the evolution of biodiversity in multispecies systems where phenotypic traits are genetically transmitted. We follow the adaptive dynamics (AD) approach, which provides a deterministic approximation of the evolutionary dynamics of stationary coexisting populations in terms of an ODE system, the so-called AD canonical equation. AD also provides explicit conditions to test whether a stable evolutionary equilibrium of the canonical equation is a branching point--resident and mutant morphs coexist and further differentiate, thus increasing biodiversity--or not. We analyze a standard parameterized family of prey-predator communities, described by the most standard ecological model, and propose an iterative procedure to obtain the branching portrait, explaining the dependence of branching scenarios on two (demographic, environmental, or control) parameters. Among a number of interesting results, in line with field studies and known ecological principles, we find that prey branching is induced by the predation pressure, and is favored when prey intraspecific competition is highly sensitive to the resident-mutant phenotypic mismatch, while predator branching is not possible when prey and predators are present in an equal number of morphs. This results in alternate prey-predator branching sequences with possible phases of prey unilateral branching. The guidelines for deriving a general method for analyzing the evolution of biodiversity are also discussed. The indications that can be obtained typically have a qualitative nature, but can be of help for the long-term conservation and management of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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6. Escenarios de ramificaciones evolutivas en el marco de las dinámicas adaptativas: Teoría y aplicaciones al cambio tecnológico
- Author
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Toro-Zapata, Hernán Darío, Olivar-Tost, Gerard, Dercole, Fabio, and Abc Dynamics
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602 - Miscelánea [600 - Tecnología (Ciencias aplicadas)] ,Dinámicas adaptativas ,Scientific development ,Public transportation ,Simulación de modelos ,Diversificación del mercado ,Technological Change ,Dynamic systems ,Simulation modeling ,Market diversification ,Coffee berry borer ,Mercado energético ,Transporte público ,Desarrollo científico ,Ramificación evolutiva ,Energy market ,Cambio tecnológico ,Mercado del café ,Broca del café ,Evolutionary branching ,Coffee market ,Adaptive dynamics ,Sistemas dinámicos - Abstract
gráficos In this thesis, we have reviewed the theory of Adaptive Dynamics, a theoretical background originated in evolutionary biology linking demographic dynamics to evolutionary changes, allowing it to describe evolutionary dynamics in the long-term when considering innovations as small and rare events in the market time scale. From this perspective, three mathematical models have been formulated to describe evolutionary branching: the coexistence between resident and similar innovative technologies and their further divergence in the evolutionary space. The first model addresses the problem of determining conditions on the energy market diversification from adaptive dynamics and the impact the imposition/allocation of taxes/subsidies may have on controlling market diversification. The second model explores the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and its role in the evolutionary diversification of the coffee market; the influence that consumer's preference and control practices have on diversification is studied in detail, and correspond to the main source of insights. Finally, the third model in the fifth chapter, describes the competition among public transport systems, considering the number of transported passengers as the differentiation attribute is presented, the analysis allows to answer the question of under what condition the market diversifies, and which are the levels of transported passengers that will be reached in the long term depending on the budget allocation rate destined to increase the number of users. Adaptive dynamics describes evolution through an ordinary differential equation known as the canonical equation, which smooths on a continuous path the successive processes of innovation and substitution. This approach considers interactions to be the evolutionary driving force and considers the feedback between evolutionary change and the selection forces that agents undergo. One of the main (general) contributions of this thesis is to illustrate in detail how the theory of adaptive dynamics is very useful in areas of knowledge quite distant from evolutionary biology, in particular for engineering, given that its results predict the systems' long-term dynamics, as well as to control in the demographic/market timescale and to influence the long-term behavior of the evolving attributes in the evolutionary timescale. (Texto tomado de la fuente) En la ejecución de esta tesis, hemos revisado la teoría de la dinámicas adaptativas, un trasfondo teórico que se origina en la biología evolutiva, que vincula la dinámica demográfica con los cambios evolutivos, y permite describir la dinámica evolutiva a largo plazo al considerar las innovaciones como eventos pequeños y raros en la escala de tiempo del mercado. Desde esta perspectiva, se han formulado tres modelos matemáticos que permiten describir la ramificación evolutiva, es decir, la coexistencia entre tecnologías innovadoras residentes y similares y su posterior divergencia en el espacio evolutivo. El primer modelo aborda el problema de determinar las condiciones para la diversificación del mercado energético a partir de las dinámicas adaptativas y el impacto que la imposición/asignación de impuestos/subsidios puede tener en el control de la diversificación del mercado. El segundo modelo explora la broca del café (Hypothenemus hampei) y su papel en la diversificación evolutiva del mercado cafetero; la influencia que las preferencias de los consumidores y las prácticas de control tienen sobre la diversificación se estudia en detalle y corresponde a la principal fuente de información. Además, en el quinto capítulo, se presenta un modelo para la competencia entre los sistemas de transporte público, considerando el número de pasajeros transportados como el atributo de diferenciación; el análisis permite responder a la pregunta bajo qué condiciones se diversifica el mercado y cuáles son los niveles de pasajeros transportados que se alcanzarán a largo plazo dependiendo de la tasa de asignación presupuestaria destinada a aumentar el número de usuarios. La teoría de las dinámicas adaptativas describe la evolución a través de una ecuación diferencial ordinaria conocida como ecuación canónica, que suaviza en una trayectoria continua los procesos sucesivos de innovación y sustitución. Este enfoque considera las interacciones como la fuerza impulsora de la evolución y tiene en cuenta la retroalimentación entre el cambio evolutivo y las fuerzas de selección que sufren los agentes. Una de las principales contribuciones mas generales de esta tesis es ilustrar en detalle cómo la teoría de las dinámicas adaptativas es útil en áreas de conocimiento bastante distantes de la biología evolutiva, en particular para la ingeniería, dado que sus resultados permiten predecir el comportamiento de los sistemas a largo plazo, así como controlar dicho comportamiento en la escala de tiempo demográfica/de mercado e influir en la dinámica a largo plazo de los atributos en evolución en la escala de tiempo evolutiva. Doctorado Doctor en Ingeniería - Ingeniería Automática Mathematical modeling of innovations and technological change Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automatización Y Telecomunicaciones
- Published
- 2022
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