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Copyright of Space & Society / Tér és Társadalom is the property of Centre for Economic & Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is dedicated to the thirtieth anniversary of the establishment of INTERREG – a program of financial support for border regions in Europe. The main dates and organizations that defined the history of relations between European border regions are named. The course of cross-border cooperation scientific understanding is traced. Its contribution to the development of integration «in breadth» and the formation of European regions is marked. An idea is given about the evolution of INTERREG goals from a charitable program to support the periphery of the EU single market to a program that fulfills a pan-European mission. Based on the generalization of sources and specific examples of cross-border cooperation, the scale and effects of financial incentives from the EU budget are estimated. The leading role of the INTERREG program for cross-border cooperation in Eastern Europe was emphasized.

The political changes that affected the European area in the second half of the 20th century conditioned the development of European countries on the principle of Euroregions, as interesting creations of neighboring countries. Formed along the political borders of neighboring countries, Euroregions today play a significant role in the enlargement process of the European Union. At the end of the 20th century, the formation of Euroregions covered the area of the Western Balkans as well. In Podrinje, the border area of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the formed Euroregions have the goal of reviving and revitalizing rural areas. Tourism, as the most important economic activity, is integrated into the basis of the rural development of these areas. The subject of the research is related to the analysis of the development degree of border rural areas, under the influence of tourism. The research problem is focused on the rural areas of "Serbian" Podrinje. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to determine the change and burden of rural border area due to the development of tourism, using the indicator of tourist operation (I.T.O.) and the tourist function indices to measure the degree of the development of a destination. The results of the research indicate that three types of tourist destinations have been developed in the studied area: destinations with almost non-existent tourist activity (< 4), with small-scale tourist activity (4-10), and developed and eminently tourist destinations (40-100). The obtained results indicate that 83.3% of the destinations in "Serbian" Podrinje are destinations with almost non-existent tourist activity. These are the destinations where the development of tourism does not affect the transformation of space, but the original and preserved environment is promoted as a tourist attraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reviews the relations between Moldova and the EU at the current stage. Reasons for the strengthening of cooperation between Moldova and the EU in these years are being analyzed, as well as the problems that further development of cooperation can face. It is described how relations with the EU influence the prospects of Moldova’s participation in the integration process in the post- Soviet space.

García-ÁlvarezJ. and Trillo-SantamaríaJ.-M. Between regional spaces and spaces of regionalism: cross-border region building in the Spanish ‘State of the Autonomies’,Regional Studies. The intense development of cross-border cooperation in the European Union in the last two decades offers a privileged laboratory to reflect upon the changing nature of regions and processes of regional construction in the context of globalization. Focusing on Euroregions, this paper aims to establish some bridges between Regional World(s) and Cross-border Regional Worlds. In the first part, this kind of connection is considered under the light of the recent theoretical debates developed within the framework of regional and border studies. The second part focuses on the analysis of cross-border cooperation in the Spanish ‘State of the Autonomies’, and particularly on the cases of the Basque Country, Catalonia and Galicia. 边界研究 跨边界合作 欧洲区域 西班牙 巴斯克 加利西亚－北葡萄牙 García-ÁlvarezJ. and Trillo-SantamaríaJ.-M. 区域空间与区域主义的空间：西班牙自治区内跨边界区域的建立，区域研究。在过去二十年间，欧盟内部密集的跨区域合作发展充分反映了区域变迁以及区域在全球化背景下建构的过程。着眼于欧盟区域，本文试图在区域世界以及跨边界区域世界间建立一些关联。第一类关联是基于区域以及边界研究的概念框架。第二部分基于对西班牙跨边界合作的分析，尤其关注巴斯克、加泰罗尼亚和加利西亚地区。 Études frontalières Coopération transfrontalière Eurorégions Espagne Pays Basque Galice-Nord du Portugal García-ÁlvarezJ. et Trillo-SantamaríaJ.-M. Entre des espaces régionaux et des espaces de régionalisme: la construction des régions transfrontalières dans ‘l'Etat des autonomies’ espagnol,Regional Studies. Le développement intense de la coopération transfrontalière au sein de l'Union européenne pendant les deux dernières décennies fournit un laboratoire privilégié de la mutation des régions et des processus de la construction régionale dans le cadre de la mondialisation. Focalisant les Eurorégions, cet article cherche à établir des relations entre des espaces régionaux et des espaces régionaux transfrontaliers. Dans une première partie, on considère ce genre de connexion à la lumière des débats théoriques récents qui se sont développés dans le contexte des études régionales et frontalières. Une deuxième partie porte sur l'analyse de la coopération transfrontalière dans ‘l'Etat des autonomies’ espagnol et, particulièrement, sur le pays Basque, la Catalogne et la Galice. Grenzstudien Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit Euroregionen Spanien Baskenland Galicien – Nordportugal García-ÁlvarezJ. und Trillo-SantamaríaJ.-M. Zwischen regionalen Räumen und Räumen des Regionalismus: Aufbau von grenzüberschreitenden Regionen im spanischen ‘Staat der autonomen Gemeinschaften’,Regional Studies. Die intensive Entwicklung einer grenzüberschreitenden Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Europäischen Union in den letzten 20 Jahren bietet ein privilegiertes Labor zur Untersuchung der wechselnden Merkmale von Regionen und Prozessen der regionalen Konstruktion im Kontext der Globalisierung. In diesem Beitrag werden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Euroregionen einige Verbindungen zwischen Regionalwelt(en) und grenzüberschreitenden Regionalwelten geknüpft. Im ersten Teil wird diese Art von Verbindung unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen theoretischen Debatten im Rahmen der regionalen und Grenzstudien erörtert. Im zweiten Teil konzentriert sich die Analyse auf die grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit im spanischen ‘Staat der autonomen Gemeinschaften’ und insbesondere auf die Fälle des Baskenlandes, Kataloniens und Galiciens. Estudios fronterizos Cooperación transfronteriza Eurorregiones España País Vasco Galicia–Norte de Portugal García-ÁlvarezJ. y Trillo-SantamaríaJ.-M. Entre espacios regionales y espacios de regionalismo: la construcción de regiones trasfronterizas en la España de las Autonomías,Regional Studies. El intenso desarrollo de la cooperación transfronteriza en la Unión Europea en los últimos veinte años ofrece un laboratorio privilegiado para reflexionar sobre la naturaleza cambiante de las regiones y los procesos de construcción regional en el contexto de la globalización. Centrándonos en las eurorregiones, este artículo trata de establecer algunos puentes entre la esfera regional y la transfronteriza. En la primera parte, se examinan este tipo de conexiones sobre la base de los debates teóricos desarrollados recientemente en el marco de los estudios regionales y fronterizos. En la segunda parte, se aborda el análisis de la cooperación transfronteriza en el Estado español de las Autonomías, y de modo particular, en los casos del País Vasco, Cataluña y Galicia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Mirwaldt K. The small projects fund and social capital formation in the Polish–German border region: an initial appraisal, Regional Studies. This paper examines the small projects fund, a European Union-funded initiative to promote good citizen relations across borders. This paper presents this fund as an attempt to foster ‘social capital’ in the Polish–German border region. The fund is examined in light of seven conditions of social capital formation. In the Polish–German border region, the fund scores well on the first four conditions, related to the promotion of individual trust. It performs less well on the three conditions for scaling up individual trust to form social capital. However, it remains to be seen whether small project support can deliver improved citizen relations. Mirwaldt K. Le fonds de microprojets et la formation de capital social dans la zone frontalière polono-allemande: une première évaluation, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à examiner le fonds de microprojets, une initiative financée par l'Union européenne visant la promotion du civisme transfrontalier. On présente ce fonds comme une tentative d'encourager le ‘capital social’ dans la zone frontalière polono-allemande. On examine le fonds à la lumière de sept conditions de la formation de capital social. Dans la zone frontalière polono-allemande, le fonds obtient un bon score pour ce qui est des quatres premières conditions, qui se rapportent à la promotion de la confiance individuelle. Il obtient de pires résultats quant aux trois conditions nécessaires à l'augmentation de la confiance individuelle afin de former le capital social. Cependant, il reste à savoir si, oui ou non, l'aide financière pour le développement des petits projets peut assurer un civisme amélioré. Fonds de microprojets?Capital social?Eurorégions?Frontière polono-allemande Mirwaldt K. Der Kleinprojektefonds und der Aufbau von Sozialkapital in der deutsch-polnischen Grenzregion: eine erste Bewertung, Regional Studies. Dieser Artikel behandelt den Kleinprojektefonds, eine EU-finanzierte Initiative, die gutnachbarschaftliche Bürgerbeziehungen über Grenzen hinweg fördert. Der Fonds kann in der deutsch-polnischen Grenzregion als ein Versuch, ,Sozialkapital' aufzubauen, gewertet werden. Er wird hier im Hinblick auf sieben Voraussetzungen für die Entstehung von Sozialkapital analysiert. In der deutsch-polnischen Grenzregion schneidet der Fonds bei den ersten vier Voraussetzungen, die das zwischenmenschliche Vertrauen betreffen, gut ab. Weniger gut erfüllt der Fonds drei Voraussetzungen, um individuelles Vertrauen in Sozialkapital zu umzuwandeln. Es bleibt daher abzuwarten, ob der Kleinprojektefonds dauerhaft die Bürgerbeziehungen verbessern kann. Kleinprojektefonds?Sozialkapital?Euroregionen?Deutsch-polnische Grenze Mirwaldt K. El fondo para proyectos pequeños y la formación de capital social en la región fronteriza entre Polonia y Alemania: una valoración inicial, Regional Studies. En este artículo se analiza el fondo para proyectos pequeños, una iniciativa financiada por la Unión Europea para fomentar las buenas relaciones transfronterizas entre los ciudadanos. Este fondo se caracteriza como un intento de fomentar el ‘capital social’ en la región fronteriza entre Polonia y Alemania. Se examina el fondo teniendo en cuenta siete condiciones de la formación de capital social. En la región fronteriza entre Polonia y Alemania, el fondo puntúa bien en las primeras cuatro condiciones relacionadas con el fomento de la confianza individual. El desempeño es peor en cuanto a las tres condiciones para aumentar el nivel de la confianza individual a fin de formar capital social. Sin embargo, queda por ver si el apoyo a los pequeños proyectos puede mejorar las relaciones entre los ciudadanos. Fondo para proyectos pequeños?Capital social?Eurorregiones?Frontera entre Polonia y Alemania [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

On the basis of empirical research carried out in the border regions, euroregions and eurometropolises, elaboration of innovation oriented, cross-border economic development, human resource development and partnership programs can be a general aim. Supporting these aims was the ultimate goal of creating euroregions and eurometropolises in Western-Europe. The system of euroregions and eurometropolises has been spreading from Western-Europe to the Eastern territories in order that border regions can exploit the comparative advantages being present in border regions even better. The most important aim in border regions, euroregions and eurometropolises is to create an advantageous economic, innovative, academic and social climate by introducing various institutions that can widen the space of successful economy and human resource development, and together with this they can improve the success of regional development planning and human resource development in the border regions of neighbouring countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Europe is currently experiencing an unprecedented process of reterritorialization in the context of European Union integration. Central to this process is the implementation of various cross-border cooperation schemes, commonly known as Euroregions, aimed at redefining fixed, border-induced Westphalian territoriality. The literature on Euroregions has primarily examined the reterritorialization of state power and institutions across borders, documenting the emergence of cross-border governance networks. However, the territorial underpinning of cross-border reterritorialization, as well as the process of territorial constitution of cross-border spaces has been less well explored. This paper examines cross-border reterritorialization from a geopolitical perspective informed by multi-scalar conceptualizations of political territoriality. Actors at supranational, national and local scales often follow territorial logics that are at odds with each other. Competing meanings of territory and territoriality interact to produce a geopolitics of Euroregions that shapes cross-border reterritorialization. The paper focuses on the Euroregions established at the current fringes of the EU, in the Romanian–Ukrainian–Moldovan borderlands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]