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Based on the review of regulations and press releases of EU institutions, the content of changes in the cohesion policy in 2021–2027 was revealed in comparison with the period 2014– 2020. The conclusion is made about the preservation of a significant role of the cohesion policy in the EU’s activities and high volume of its allocations from the EU Budget. The author sees an element of novelty in the synthesis of well-known methods and principles of supranational regulation of the socio-economic development of the EU territories – the budget method, the principle of financial conditionality and the open method of coordination. Particular attention is paid to the decision to reorient a third of the allocations of European regional policy funds for programs of transition to a circular and climate-neutral economy in 2021–2027. The explanation of such strong link between the goals of regional policy and the ecological and climatic goals of the EU is proposed. Namely, the success of the «Europe 2020» Strategy only in terms of climate benchmarks, according to the author, gives to the official Brussels a reason to see the potential to increase the effectiveness of regional policy.

Supervised machine learning is widely used in biology and deserves more scrutiny. We present a set of community-wide recommendations (DOME) aiming to help establish standards of supervised machine learning validation in biology. Formulated as questions, the DOME recommendations improve the assessment and reproducibility of papers when included as supplementary material. The work of the Machine Learning Focus Group was funded by ELIXIR, the research infrastructure for life-science data. IW was funded by the A*STAR Career Development Award (project no. C210112057) from the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore. D.F. was supported by Estonian Research Council grants (PRG1095, PSG59 and ERA-NET TRANSCAN-2 (BioEndoCar)); Project No 2014-2020.4.01.16-0271, ELIXIR and the European Regional Development Fund through EXCITE Center of Excellence. S.C.E.T. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant agreements No. 778247 and No. 823886, and Italian Ministry of University and Research PRIN 2017 grant 2017483NH8. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per 8 autors més 28 autors/es de l' ELIXIR Machine Learning Focus Group: Emidio Capriotti, Rita Casadio, Salvador Capella-Gutierrez, Davide Cirillo, Alessio Del Conte, Alexandros C. Dimopoulos, Victoria Dominguez Del Angel, Joaquin Dopazo, Piero Fariselli, José Maria Fernández, Florian Huber, Anna Kreshuk, Tom Lenaerts, Pier Luigi Martelli, Arcadi Navarro, Pilib Ó Broin, Janet Piñero, Damiano Piovesan, Martin Reczko, Francesco Ronzano, Venkata Satagopam, Castrense Savojardo, Vojtech Spiwok, Marco Antonio Tangaro, Giacomo Tartari, David Salgado, Alfonso Valencia & Federico Zambelli"

Background: The consumption of legumes is promoted as part of a healthy diet in many countries but associations of total and types of legume consumption with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not well established. Analyses across diverse populations are lacking despite the availability of unpublished legume consumption data in prospective cohort studies. Objective: To examine the prospective associations of total and types of legume intake with the risk of incident T2D. Methods: Meta-analyses of associations between total legume, pulse, and soy consumption and T2D were conducted using a federated approach without physical data-pooling. Prospective cohorts were included if legume exposure and T2D outcome data were available and the cohort investigators agreed to participate. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and CIs of associations using individual participant data including ≤42,473 incident cases among 807,785 adults without diabetes in 27 cohorts across the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, and Western Pacific. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates and estimate heterogeneity. Results: Median total legume intake ranged from 0-140 g/d across cohorts. We observed a weak positive association between total legume consumption and T2D (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04) per 20 g/d higher intake, with moderately high heterogeneity (I2 = 74%). Analysis by region showed no evidence of associations in the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific. The positive association in Europe (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10, I2 = 82%) was mainly driven by studies from Germany, UK, and Sweden. No evidence of associations was observed for the consumption of pulses or soy. Conclusions: These findings suggest no evidence of an association of legume intakes with T2D in several world regions. The positive association observed in some European studies warrants further investigation relating to overall dietary contexts in which legumes are consumed, including accompanying foods which may be positively associated with T2D. Funding for the InterConnect project was provided by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 602068. Additionally, investigators acknowledge funding from the following agencies: NJW, NGF, FI, and MP acknowledge funding from the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_12015/5); NJW and NGF acknowledge support from National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme (IS-BRC-1215-20014). TB acknowledges funding from EUCAN-Connect under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 824989). MBR and MAMG acknowledge funding from the Spanish Government Instituto de Salud Carlos III and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (PI17/01795). JK acknowledges funding from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry for Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (4845-301 and 4851-302), and the Collaborative Genome Program for Fostering New Post-Genome Industry of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2017M3C9A6047623). RM acknowledges funding from the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 81/15), Cancer Research UK (grant number: C20/A5860), the Intramural Research Program of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, NIH, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. LB acknowledges that the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) and the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) are part of the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-Based Life-Course and Environmental Research (SIMPLER), which receives funding from the Swedish Research Council (2017-00644). BD is an investigator of the Brazilian National Health Technology Assessment Institute and SC received a fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Fund (FEDER) (PI17/01795). The Zutphen Elderly Study was funded by The Netherlands Prevention Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands and the National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA. The funding sources did not participate in the design or conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.

The authors thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments that improved the article. CMC acknowledges the support of CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Brazil, process number 141714/2016-6. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. LB acknowledges support fromCONICYT (Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica) project Basal AFB-170002. EM acknowledges support from the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, grant 2014/22095-6) and CNPq (grant 150465/2019-0). MC acknowledges the financial support from theEuropean Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no 872081; from the Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation plan (RDI plan) under the project PID2019-104002GB-C21; the Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6105/UGR; the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (ref. COOPB20364); and by the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matematicas y Computacion (CEAFMC) of the University of Huelva., Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a simple molecule with a potential to form prebiotic and complex organic species. Using a spectral survey collected with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment, in this work we report the detection of 42 transitions of HNCO in the hot molecular core/outflow G331.512-0.103 (hereafter G331). The spectral lines were observed in the frequency interval ∼160–355 GHz. By means of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium analyses, applying the rotational diagram method, we studied the excitation conditions of HNCO. The excitation temperature and column density are estimated to be Tex= 58.8 ± 2.7 K and N = (3.7 ± 0.5) × 1015 cm−2, considering beam dilution effects. The derived relative abundance is between (3.8 ± 0.5) × 10−9 and (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10−8. In comparison with other hot molecular cores, our column densities and abundances are in agreement. An update of the internal partition functions of the four CHNO isomers: HNCO; cyanic acid, HOCN; fulminic acid, HCNO; and isofulminic acid, HONC is provided. We also used the astrochemical code NAUTILUS to model and discuss HNCO abundances. The simulations could reproduce the abundances with a simple zero-dimensional model at a temperature of 60 K and for a chemical age of ∼105 yr, which is larger than the estimated dynamical age for G331. This result could suggest the need for a more robust model and even the revision of chemical reactions associated with HNCO., Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141714/2016-6, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) 001, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) Basal AFB-170002, Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2014/22095-6, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 150465/2019-0, European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 872081, Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation plan (RDI plan) PID2019-104002GB-C21, Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia, European Commission SOMM17/6105/UGR, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades COOPB20364, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matematicas y Computacion (CEAFMC) of the University of Huelva

14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13718.-- Data availability statement: The data and code related to the manuscript have been placed in the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.69p8cz91g, Quantifying changes in functional community structure driven by disturbance is critical to anticipate potential shifts in ecosystem functioning. However, how marine heatwaves (MHWs) affect the functional structure of temperate coral‐dominated communities is poorly understood. Here, we used five long‐term (> 10 years) records of Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages in a multi‐taxa, trait‐based analysis to investigate MHW‐driven changes in functional structure. We show that, despite stability in functional richness (i.e. the range of species functional traits), MHW‐impacted assemblages experienced long‐term directional changes in functional identity (i.e. their dominant trait values). Declining traits included large sizes, long lifespans, arborescent morphologies, filter‐feeding strategies or calcified skeletons. These traits, which were mostly supported by few sensitive and irreplaceable species from a single functional group (habitat‐forming octocorals), disproportionally influence certain ecosystem functions (e.g. 3D‐habitat provision). Hence, MHWs are leading to assemblages that are deficient in key functional traits, with likely consequences for the ecosystem functioning, We acknowledge the funding of the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019‐000928‐S). This research has also been partially funded by the HEATMED project (RTI2018‐095346‐B‐I00, MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE), Interreg Med Programme (Projects MPA‐ENGAGE; 5216 | 5MED18_3.2_M23_007 and MPA‐Adapt, 1MED15_3.2_M2_337) 85% cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, the MIMOSA project funded by the Foundation Prince Albert II Monaco, the Perfect project funded by the TOTAL Foundation, the Medchange project funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grants agreements 689518 (MERCES) and SEP‐210597628 (FutureMARES). D.G.G. is supported by an FPU grant (FPU15/05457) from the Spanish Ministry of Education. CL gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. VB is supported by the Templeton Foundation (grant #60501, ‘Putting the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis to the Test’). J‐B.L is supported by the strategic Funding UIDB/04423/2020 and UIDP/04423/2020. [...] D.G.G, C.L, J‐B.L, N.B, P.L.S & J.G are part of the Marine Conservation research group (www.medrecover.org) (2017 SGR 1521) from the Generalitat de Catalunya.

We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This work was supported by the Health Department PERIS-project no. SLT/002/16/00374 and AGAUR-projects no. 2017SGR1080 of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCI), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) project no. RTI2018-094049-B-I00; the Cellex Foundation; and “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (LCF/PR/GN18/51140001). P.S.O. is a fellow of the Severo Ochoa Program (Bp17- 165). V.D. is supported by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC).

The study also receives funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (ISCIII, PI15/02019), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF–A Way to Build Europe) and the European Social Fund (ESF–Investing in Your Future). Dr. Cortes-Canteli was supported by a Miguel Servet type I research contract (ISCIII, CP16/00174 & MS16/00174) and the Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (ISCIII, PI17/00590 & PI20/00819). Dr. Toribio-Fernandez was supported by the Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil of the Consejeria de Educacion, Juventud y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid (PEJD-2018-POST/BMD-9259). Ms. Tristao-Pereira was supported by a “la Caixa” Foundation fellowship (ID 100010434, LCF/BQ/DI19/11730052). Dr. Gispert is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MCIN; RYC-2013-13054) and Dr. B. Ibanez by the European Research Council (ERC-2018-CoG 819775-MATRIX). The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the MCIN, and the Pro-CNIC Foundation. The BBRC is mainly funded by the “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) under agreement LCF/PR/GN17/50300004, the EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking EPAD under grant agreement 115736, and the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 115952. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme and the EFPIA. Dr. Molinuevo has served as a consultant for, sat on advisory boards of, or delivered lectures in symposia sponsored by Roche Diagnostics, Genentech, Novartis, Lundbeck, Oryzon, Biogen, Lilly, Janssen, Green Valley, MSD, Eisai, Alector, BioCross, GE Healthcare, and ProMIS Neurosciences. Dr. Gispert has given lectures in symposia sponsored by General Electric, Philips, and Biogen. Dr. Sanchez-Gonzalez is a Philips employee. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to explain why the Euro­pean Union perceives globalisation as the challenge for its regional development and how this assumption influences on regional development management. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem concerns the issue of globalisation as the process which is estimated by the EU as the opportunity and challenge for its regional development at the same time. As a result the EU develops multi-level political system in which, along sovereign states, there are transnational and subnational political actors which have been engaged in regional development management. The research methods used in the study consist of an institutional and legal analysis of the major policy docu­ments, actors and regional development management instruments that they use. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The introduction presents the principal methodological assumptions concerning the analysed research area, the applied conceptual approach and the research methods. The main body of the article discusses why the European Union perceives globalisation as the challenge and opportunity for regions’ competitiveness. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis shows that the scope of competences of the EU with regard to regional development management was laid out in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union; however, the globalisa­tion affects the formulation of strategic directions of EU actions in this area and implementation of relevant interventions of the European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In accordance to the European Commission globalisation creates conditions and challenges in the scope of regions’ economic development. In order to prepare the regions for global competitiveness in the EU, authority is spread among different decision making and implementing levels which have the sources and knowledge required in the process of increasing regions’ competitiveness.

International audience; In this study, the influence of the degree of crystallization and thickness of films was correlated with the photoelectrochemical performance of SrTaO2N semiconductor films for O2 evolution reaction under visible light irradiation. Oxynitride films were deposited on various substrates using the sputtering in Ar + N2 reactive atmosphere from a home-made SrTaO2N target. Films with stoichiometric composition were obtained at a high temperature (TS =800 °C) with reduced bandgap. The different substrates led to diverse degrees of film crystallization, from weakly crystallized to fully c-axis oriented. The photoelectrochemical performance was improved by improving the film crystallinity and the thickness. For further improvement of the photoelectrochemical performance, the following three limiting factors are identified 1) low absorption coefficient, especially in the visible domain from 500 to 600 nm; 2) short lifetimes of excited charge carriers; and 3) permittivity with only moderate values lower than 10 in the visible-light domain.

Research reported in this work was funded by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). This research was also supported by the European Union and the Hungarian State, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the GINOP-2.3.4-15-2016-00004 project, aimed to promote cooperation between higher education and industry.

As part of the EU’s social policy, the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) have been in force until 2020. It was a pending task to systematically observe how these strategies define the Roma population and what element of the definition is prioritised. This is useful in understanding the limits of a unitary policy within the European Union concerning the Roma and also to analyse the orientation of said policies in each country. In this sense, we have previously defined what the Roma heteroidentification components are and we have selected the terms and lexemes that are associated with them. By using content analysis techniques, we have pinpointed the components in the NRIS and we have conducted a statistical analysis with the obtained data. The majority of EU countries define the Roma in their strategies as an ethnocultural, disadvantaged and discriminated group and, to a lesser extent, as foreigners or nomads. This heteroidentification is established based on the geopolitical bloc (East and West) to which the country belongs and the department in charge of the NRIS (mainly social departments or specific departments for minorities). This work was supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (MICINN), State Research Agency (AEI) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), in the framework of the Project CSO2017-83,787-P.

M.T. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research And Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 740073 (CLIM4CROP project) and from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the project PREDFIRE (RTI2018-099711-J-I00), which is cofinanced with the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER). S.J. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the project EASE (RTI2018-100870-A-I00), the Fundacion Seneca—Regional Agency for Science and Technology of Murcia through the CLIMAX project (20642/JLI/18) and by the Plan Propio de Investigacion of the University of Murcia (Grant UMU-2017-10604). M.G.D. acknowledges funding by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Ramon y Cajal Grant Reference RYC-2017-22964. The authors thank the data providers listed in Table 1 for providing access to these datasets. Special thanks to Dr. Meng Zhao to provide the GRACE data and Dr. Hong Xuan Do for providing R scripts to read and process the GSIM data.

EV would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Research (PI15/00283, PI18/00805) integrated in the National R+D+I Plan and co-financed by the ISCIII-General Subdirectorate of Evaluation and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Commission for Universities and Research, Department of Innovation, Universities, and Business (DIUE), Government of Catalonia (2017 SGR 1365), and project SLT006/17/00357 of the Strategic Plan for Health Research and Innovation (PERIS) 2016–2020 (Department of Health), CERCA PROGRAM, Government of Catalonia. VP would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Research (PI19/00236) integrated in the National R+D+I Plan and co-financed by the ISCIII-General Subdirectorate of Evaluation and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), CIBERSAM G21. Commission for Universities and Research, Department of Innovation, Universities, and Business (DIUE), Government of Catalonia (2017 SGR 134), CERCA Program, Government of Catalonia. CA has received support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SAM16PE07CP1, PI16/02012, PI19/024), co-financed by the European Commission's ERDF Fund, “A way of making Europe,” CIBERSAM. Madrid Regional Government (B2017/BMD-3740 AGES-CM-2), European Union Structural Funds. European Union Seventh Framework Program under grant agreements FP7-HEALTH-2013-2.2.1-2-603196 (Project PSYSCAN) and FP7-HEALTH-2013-2.2.1-2-602478 (Project METSY); and European Union H2020 Program under the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (grant agreement No. 115916, Project PRISM, and grant agreement No. 777394, Project AIMS-2-TRIALS), Fundacion Familia Alonso, and Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz.

Ferrocenylated glycol nucleic acid (Fc-GNA) components are rarely studied in the field of xeno nucleic acid (XNA) chemistry. As an attempt to contribute to XNA chemistry, in the present article we report a seven-step synthesis of the first semicanonical dinucleoside containing the Fc-GNA nucleoside linked to the adenosine nucleoside with a phosphodiester bond. First, the nucleoside-bearing ethynylferrocenyl moiety in the C5 position of the uracil nucleobase was obtained. In the following steps, the nucleoside was transformed into the phosphoramidite intermediate that in turn was reacted with N6-benzoyl-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine to afford the target dinucleoside phosphate with 47% yield. The newly obtained Fc-GNA nucleoside is redox-active, and on the basis of this property (function), it belongs to a new class of functional GNA (fun-GNA) nucleosides. The electrochemistry of the Fc-GNA nucleoside, dinucleoside phosphate, and ferrocenyl furanopyrimidone nucleoside that was obtained as an undesired byproduct of Fc-GNA nucleoside synthesis was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV result showed the presence of a one-electron ferrocenyl-centered redox wave in each case. The half-wave potentials of the Fc-GNA nucleoside and dinucleoside phosphate were 89 and 99 mV, respectively, against the FcH/FcH+ couple. Finally, the activity of the newly obtained Fc-GNA components was studied against the nontumorigenic mouse L929 and human cervix adenocarcinoma HeLa cells. The synthesized compounds showed no cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines. K.K. thanks the National Science Center in Cracow, Poland (grant OPUS UMO-2018/29/B/ST5/00055), for financial support. Crystallographic measurements were carried out at the Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, established within the project cofinanced by European Union from the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme Innovative Economy, 2007–2013. The X-ray diffraction data were collected at the Core Facility for Crystallographic and Biophysical Research to support the development of medicinal products sponsored by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP).

Over the past few years, an increasing dependence of the general population on information and communication technologies has been observed. As such, inclusive and age-friendly design has been of utmost importance to meet the context of every age cohort. Most of the software development projects tend to focus on the assumption relative to the users’ cognitive models, and when addressing senior citizens, these are very likely to have the risk of falling into stereotypes and non-used products. By contrast, involving senior citizens in the early stages of the design process tends to be crucial. The aim of this paper is to identify and validate a co-design process capable of influencing senior citizens’ experience in online communities. One of the elements of the co-design process that is described in the paper is a co-design toolkit to foster positive user experiences when interacting with online communities. The co- design process involved 36 adult learners from five Universities of the Third Age and 2 coordinators, organized into a set of 17 group sessions in the context of the miOne online community. Besides this co-design toolkit, a set of ‘best practices’ for involving the users in the co-design process and implications on the redesign of a Senior Online Community are proposed. This work was supported by the research project SEDUCE 2.0—Use of Communication and Information in the miOne online community by senior citizens. This project is funded by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., COMPETE 2020, Portugal 2020 and European Union, under the European Regional Development Fund, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031696 SEDUCE 2.0. in publication

Plastic yielding in solids strongly depends on various conditions, such as temperature and loading rate and indeed, sample-dependent knowledge of yield points in structural materials promotes reliability in mechanical behavior. Commonly, yielding is measured through controlled mechanical testing at small or large scales, in ways that either distinguish elastic (stress) from total deformation measurements, or by identifying plastic slip contributions. In this paper we argue that instead of separate elastic/plastic measurements, yielding can be unraveled through statistical analysis of total strain fluctuations during the evolution sequence of profiles measured in-situ, through digital image correlation. We demonstrate two distinct ways of precisely quantifying yield locations in widely applicable crystal plasticity models, that apply in polycrystalline solids, either by using principal component analysis or discrete wavelet transforms. We test and compare these approaches in synthetic data of polycrystal simulations and a variety of yielding responses, through changes of the applied loading rates and the strain-rate sensitivity exponents., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

The creation of microphysiological systems like tissue and organ-on-chip for in vitro modeling of human physiology and diseases is gathering increasing interest. However, the platforms used to build these systems have limitations concerning implementation, automation, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, their typical plastic-based housing materials are poor recreations of native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) and barriers. Here, the controlled self-assembly of plant-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is combined with the concept of 3D bioprinting in suspension baths for the direct biofabrication of microphysiological systems embedded within an ECM mimetic fibrillar support material. The developed support CNC fluid gel allows exceptionally high-resolution bioprinting of 3D constructs with arbitrary geometries and low restrictions of bioink choice. The further induction of CNC self-assembly with biocompatible calcium ions results in a transparent biomimetic nanoscaled fibrillar matrix that allows hosting different compartmentalized cell types and perfusable channels, has tailored permeability for biomacromolecules diffusion and cellular crosstalk, and holds structural stability to support long-term in vitro cell maturation. In summary, this xeno-free nanoscale CNC fibrillar matrix allows the biofabrication of hierarchical living constructs, opening new opportunities not only for developing physiologically relevant 3D in vitro models but also for a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine., The authors thank Hospital da Prelada (Porto, Portugal) for providing adipose tissue samples and Hospital Sao Joao (Porto, Portugal) for providing platelet concentrates. The authors acknowledge the financial support from project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000021 supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); the European Union Framework Program for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020, under the Twinning grant agreement no. 810850-Achilles, European Research Council grant agreement no. 772817, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia for the PhD grant for S.M.B PD/BD/129403/2017 financed through doctoral program in Tissue Engineering, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells (TERM&SC), and project PTDC/NAN-MAT/30595/2017. Schematics in Figures 1, 2, and 6 were created with BioRender.com. The authors thank Milan Sixt and Barbara B. Mendes for preliminary tests with CNC fluid gel. The authors thank David Caballero, Catarina Abreu, and Mandana Mombeinipour for providing endothelial cells and Virginia Brancato for breast cancer cells.

NSF [EAR1313588]; Taiwan, MOST [107-2116-M-002-001-MY3]; European Union; State of Hungary; European Regional Development Fund [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00009]

Implementing catalytic organometallic transformations in living settings can offer unprecedented opportunities in chemical biology and medicine. Unfortunately, the number of biocompatible reactions so far discovered is very limited, and essentially restricted to uncaging processes. Here, we demonstrate the viability of performing metal carbene transfer reactions in live mammalian cells. In particular, we show that copper (II) catalysts can promote the intracellular annulation of alpha‐keto diazocarbenes with ortho‐amino arylamines, in a process that is initiated by an N‐H carbene insertion. The potential of this transformation is underscored by the in cellulo synthesis of a product that alters mitochondrial functions, and by demonstrating cell selective biological responses using targeted copper catalysts. Considering the wide reactivity spectrum of metal carbenes, this work opens the door to significantly expanding the repertoire of life‐compatible abiotic reactions., This work demonstrates that catalytic processes involving metal–carbene intermediates can be exported to the crowded magma of a live mammalian cell. In particular, reactions involving copper carbenes can be used for the synthesis of fluorescent cyclic products in cellular media, in a process that is initiated by an N−H carbene insertion. The method also allows the in cellulo synthesis of a product that alters mitochondrial functions.

Funding Information: Supported by Funda??o para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) ? Portugal co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (to MCS, including project PTDC/MED-PAT/30385/2017, iNOVA4Health-UIDB/04462/2020, research infrastructure PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122, M-ERA.NET 2/0005/2016), Boehringer Ingelheim (to MCS), Fight for Sight UK (to MCS), Wellcome Trust grant number 212216/Z/18/Z/ (to CEF). MJH was funded by Moor-fields Eye Charity with the Bill Brown 1989 Charitable Trust PhD studentship 538158, MLS was funded by FCT-CEECIND/01536/2018, ACF was funded by FCT PhD studentship (PD/BD/135503/2018). This work was developed with the support from the research infrastructure PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122, co-financed by FCT (Portugal) and Lisboa2020, under the PORTUGAL2020 agreement (European Regional Development Fund) and this article is supported by the LYSOCIL project funded by the European Union?s Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement No. 811087. Funding Information: Supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) – Portugal co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (to MCS, including project PTDC/MED-PAT/30385/2017, iNOVA4Health-UIDB/04462/2020, research infrastructure PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122, M-ERA.NET 2/0005/2016), Boehringer Ingelheim (to MCS), Fight for Sight UK (to MCS), Wellcome Trust grant number 212216/Z/18/Z/ (to CEF). MJH was funded by Moor-fields Eye Charity with the Bill Brown 1989 Charitable Trust PhD studentship 538158, MLS was funded by FCT-CEECIND/01536/2018, ACF was funded by FCT PhD studentship (PD/BD/135503/2018). This work was developed with the support from the research infrastructure PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122, co-financed by FCT (Portugal) and Lisboa2020, under the PORTUGAL2020 agreement (European Regional Development Fund) and this article is supported by the LYSOCIL project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement No. 811087. Publisher Copyright: Copyright 2021 The Authors PURPOSE. We aim to characterize the pathways required for autofluorescent granule (AFG) formation by RPE cells using cultured monolayers. METHODS. We fed RPE monolayers in culture with a single pulse of photoreceptor outer segments (POS). After 24 hours the cells started accumulating AFGs that were comparable to lipofuscin in vivo. Using this model, we used a variety of light and electron microscopical techniques, flow cytometry and Western blot to analyze the formation of AFGs. We also generated a mutant RPE line lacking cathepsin D by gene editing. RESULTS. AFGs seem to derive from incompletely digested POS-containing phagosomes and after 3 days are surrounded by a single membrane positive for lysosome markers. We show by various methods that lysosome-phagosome fusion is required for AFG formation, and that impairment of lysosomal pH or catalytic activity, particularly cathepsin D activity, enhances AF accumulation. CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that lysosomal dysfunction results in incomplete POS degradation and enhanced AFG accumulation. publishersversion published

[Abstract] Pliocene occurrences of Prolagus Pomel, 1853 in central Europe represent anomalies out of the peri-Mediterranean area, at that time the core distribution of the genus. Though known for several decades, those materials never underwent a general revision. The detailed analysis and comparison of all available materials performed here revealed two phenotypic entities: 1) Prolagus bilobus Heller, 1936 (Gundersheim localities, Raciszyn 1), for which were defined additional diagnostic characters and ontogenetic patterns of variation (d3/p3 and mandible); and 2) Prolagus sp. (Beremend 26/39), probably a new species. All the available occurrences are dated to MN15b. The morphological trends towards the reduction of p3 entoconid and of enamel folding evidenced in Pliocene Prolagus of western Europe cannot be recognized in coeval central European forms. Evidently, P. bilobus and Prolagus sp. do not pertain to the western European clade, whose separation is known since the early late Miocene. We hypothesize that at least P. bilobus originated from a dispersal of Prolagus from south-eastern regions of Europe rather than from an autochthonous speciation of isolated populations left as a relict after the southward displacement of Prolagus distribution area. The dispersal is likely to be related to the Pliocene global environmental changes during which extensive faunal rearrangements took place in Europe, in particular to those near the early/late Pliocene boundary. [Résumé] Prolagus Pomel, 1853 (Lagomorpha, Mammalia) dans le cadre des réarrangements fauniques du Pliocène de l’Europe centrale. Le peu de données dont nous disposons sur le Prolagus Pomel, 1853 du Pliocène d’Europe centrale représentent des anomalies dans la distribution géographique du genre, qui, à cette époque, est limité à la zone péri-Méditerranéenne. Bien que la présence de Prolagus dans le Pliocène d’Europe centrale est connue depuis plusieurs décennies, de tels matériels n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une révision générale. Une analyse détaillée et une comparaison de tous les matériels disponibles étudiés ici ont permis d’identifier deux éntités phénotypiques : 1) Prolagus bilobus Heller, 1936 à Gundersheim (plusieurs localités) et Raciszyn 1, pour lequel des caractères diagnostiques additionnels et des modèles ontogénétiques de variation (d3/p3 et mandibule) ont été définis ; et 2) Prolagus sp. à Beremend 26/39, qui représente probablement une nouvelle espèce. Toutes les occurrences disponibles sont datées du MN15b. Les tendances morphologiques vers une réduction de l’entoconide de p3 et une diminution du repli de l’émail, mises en évidence dans les espèces pliocènes de Prolagus d’Europe occidentale, n’ont pas été reconnues dans des formes contemporaines d’Europe centrale. Prolagus bilobus et Prolagus sp. n’appartiennent manifestement pas au clade ouest-européen, dont la séparation est connue depuis le début du Miocène supérieur. Notre hypothèse est qu’au moins P. bilobus trouve son origine dans une dispersion des populations à partir de l’Europe sud-orientale plutôt que, comme on le croyait autrefois, dans une spéciation autochtone de populations isolées, laissées telles des vestiges à la suite du déplacement vers le sud de l’aire de distribution géographique de Prolagus. Cette dispersion est probablement liée aux changements environnementaux à l’échelle globale survenus au Pliocène, et responsables de changements environnementaux globaux pendant lesquels des réarrangements fauniques majeurs ont pris place en Europe, et particulièrement à la transition Pliocène inférieur/supérieur. The study was supported by institutional support RVO67985831 of the Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. CA was supported by: Visiting Professor grant of the President’s International Fellowship Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Science; Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union (CGL2016-76431-P); CERCA Program, Generalitat de Catalunya; Grant to Department of Science, Roma Tre University (MIUR-Italy Dipartimenti di Eccellenza, ART. 1, C. 314-337 L. 232/2016). BMS was supported by Xunta de Galicia (ED481B 2018/046, Axudas á etapa postdoutoral da Xunta de Galicia 2018-Modalidade A) Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geology; RVO67985831 Xunta de Galicia; ED481B 2018/046

Due to their effects on reducing recombination, chromosomal inversions may play an important role in speciation by establishing and/or maintaining linked blocks of genes causing reproductive isolation (RI) between populations. This view fits empirical data indicating that inversions typically harbor loci involved in RI. However, previous computer simulations of infinite populations with two to four loci involved in RI implied that, even with gene flux as low as 10–8 per gamete, per generation between alternative arrangements, inversions may not have large, qualitative advantages over collinear regions in maintaining population differentiation after secondary contact. Here, we report that finite population sizes can help counteract the homogenizing consequences of gene flux, especially when several fitness-related loci reside within the inversion. In these cases, the persistence time of differentiation after secondary contact can be similar to when gene flux is absent and notably longer than the persistence time without inversions. Thus, despite gene flux, population differentiation may be maintained for up to 100,000 generations, during which time new incompatibilities and/or local adaptations might accumulate and facilitate progress toward speciation. How often these conditions are met in nature remains to be determined., This study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-014272), FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/BIA-EVF/113805/2009), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain (PGC2018-101927-B-I00, MINECO/FEDER, UE), by the Spanish National Institute of Bioinformatics (PT17/0009/0020), and by “Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu,” funded by the MINECO (ref: MDM-2014-0370). MR was funded by the Hasselblad Foundation (Grant for Female Scientists), European Research Council and the Swedish Research Councils VR and Formas (Linnaeus grant to the Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology), and by an additional grant from Formas (to MR; grant number 2019-00882). JLF was funded by support from the National Science Foundation and United States Department of Agriculture NIFA program. RF was funded by FCT (SFRH/BPD/89313/2012) and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 706376; and is currently funded by FEDER through the Operational Competitiveness Factors Program COMPETE and by National Funds through the FCT project “Hybrabbid” (PTDC/BIA-EVL/30628/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030628). The simulations were performed on resources at Chalmers Centre for Computational Science and Engineering (C3SE), and at National Supercomputer Centre at Linköping University (NSC) provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018–05973.

The PREDIMEDPlus trial was supported by the Spanish government's official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS) and cofunded by European Union ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future" (five coordinated FIS projects led by JS-S and JVid, including the following: PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/01374, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI17/00764, PI17/01827, PI17/01441, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, and PI19/00781) , the Special Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to JSS, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018, 340918) to MAMG, the Recercaixa Grant to JS-S (2013ACUP00194) , a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017) , a SEMER-GEN grant, and funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03) . Study resulting from the SLT006/17/00246 grant, funded by the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the call "Accio instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en l'ambit de la recerca i la innovacio en salut". We thank the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This publication has been possible with the support of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN) (FPU 17/01925) . Jordi SalasSalvado, senior author of this study, is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. IP-G receives a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU 17/01925) . Dr. NB-T is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (Juan de la Cierva-Formacion, FJC2018-036016-I) . I.M GimenezAlba received an FPU grant from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (reference FPU 18/01703) . C.B. received a Fernando Tarongi Bauza PhD Grant., Background & aims: The association between drinking water consumption and adiposity has been poorly explored. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the associations between the frequency of drinking water consumption and body weight and waist circumference changes in an elderly Mediterranean cohort. Methods: A total of 1832 elderly participants (aged 55e75 years) with metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study with baseline data on drinking water and other beverages assessed by a validated 32-item Spanish fluid-intake questionnaire and with data on body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) at 1-year and 2-year were included in these prospective analyses. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess the b-coefficients and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BWand WC changes in terms of categories of baseline drinking water consumption (tap water and bottled water). The theoretical effect on BWand WC of replacing several beverages with drinking water was assessed using mathematical models. Results: The baseline frequency of drinking water consumptionwas inversely associated with 1-year and 2- year changes in BW. b-coefficients (95%CI) across categories ofwater consumption (, Spanish Government European Commission, European Union ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future" PI13/00272 PI13/01123 PI13/00462 PI13/00233 PI13/00728 PI14/01722 PI14/00636 PI14/01206 PI14/01919 PI14/01374 PI16/01873 PI16/01094 PI16/00501 PI16/00533 PI16/00366, Special Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant, European Research Council (ERC), European Commission 340918, Recercaixa Grant 2013ACUP00194, Generalitat Valenciana European Commission PROMETEO/2017/017, SEMER-GEN grant European Commission CB06/03, Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya SLT006/17/00246, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN) FPU 17/01925, ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme, Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports FPU 17/01925, Juan de la Cierva-Formacion FJC2018-036016-I, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities FPU 18/01703, Fernando Tarongi Bauza PhD Grant, The European Union ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future" PI17/00764 PI17/01827 PI17/01441 PI17/01732 PI17/00926 PI19/00309 PI19/01032 PI19/00576 PI19/00017 PI19/00781

We present single-shot electron velocity-map images of nanoplasmas generated from doped helium nanodroplets and neon clusters by intense near-infrared and mid-infrared laser pulses. We report a large variety of signal types, most crucially depending on the cluster size. The common feature is a two-component distribution for each single-cluster event: A bright inner part with nearly circular shape corresponding to electron energies up to a few eV, surrounded by an extended background of more energetic electrons. The total counts and energy of the electrons in the inner part are strongly correlated and follow a simple power-law dependence. Deviations from the circular shape of the inner electrons observed for neon clusters and large helium nanodroplets indicate non-spherical shapes of the neutral clusters. The dependence of the measured electron energies on the extraction voltage of the spectrometer indicates that the evolution of the nanoplasma is significantly affected by the presence of an external electric field. This conjecture is confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations, which reproduce the salient features of the experimental electron spectra., Comment: 12 pages,12 figures, submitted to New Journal of Physics: Article reference: NJP-113197

Demosponges are a well-known source of a plethora of bioactive compounds. In particular, they are able to form a skeleton by direct deposition of silica in a process catalysed by silicatein. Herein, we isolated biosilicas from five different Atlantic deep-sea sponges Geodia atlantica (GA), Geodia barretti (GB), Stelletta normani (SN), Axinella infundibuliformis (AI) and Phakellia ventilabrum (PV) to explore the bioactivity and osteogenic capacity of its silica-based materials. We chemically characterized the isolated biosilicas and evaluated them for their bioactivity to deposit Ca and P on their surface (by immersion in simulated body fluid, SBF). GB-, SN-, AI- and PV-based biosilicas did not generate a stable calcium phosphate (CaP) layer over time in the presence of SBF, however, the GA-derived one was able to form a CaP surface layer (at a Ca/P ratio of ~1.7, similar to the one observed for hydroxyapatite), that was stable during the 28 days of testing. In addition, no cytotoxicity towards L929 and SaOs2 cells was observed for the GA-based biosilica up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Overall, the GA-based biosilica presents the characteristics to be used in the development of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE)., This research has been performed with funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreements No. 679849 (SponGES) and No. 668983 (FORECAST). Funding from the European Regional Development Fund, through Atlantic Area Program, under the scope of BlueHuman project (EAPA_151/2016) is also acknowledged. JRX research was also supported by National Funds through FCT, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology within the scope of UIDB/04423/2020, UIDP/04423/2020, and CEECIND/00577/2018.

Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 aims to monitor the appearance of new variants with the potential to change the virulence or transmissibility of the virus. During the first year of SARS-CoV-2 evolution, numerous variants with possible public health impact have emerged. We have detected two mutations in the Spike protein at amino acid positions 1163 and 1167 that have appeared independently multiple times in different genetic backgrounds, indicating they may increase viral fitness. Interestingly, the majority of these sequences appear in transmission clusters, with the genotype encoding mutations at both positions increasing in frequency more than single-site mutants. This genetic outcome that we denote as Lineage B.1.177.637, belongs to clade 20E and includes 12 additional single nucleotide polymorphisms but no deletions with respect to the reference genome (first sequence in Wuhan). B.1.177.637 appeared after the first wave of the epidemic in Spain, and subsequently spread to eight additional countries, increasing in frequency among sequences in public databases. Positions 1163 and 1167 of the Spike protein are situated in the HR2 domain, which is implicated in the fusion of the host and viral membranes. To better understand the effect of these mutations on the virus, we examined whether B.1.177.637 altered infectivity, thermal stability, or antibody sensitivity. Unexpectedly, we observed reduced infectivity of this variant relative to the ancestral 20E variant in vitro while the levels of viral RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs did not vary significantly. In addition, we found the mutations do not impact thermal stability or antibody susceptibility in vaccinated individuals but display a moderate reduction in sensitivity to neutralization by convalescent sera from early stages of the pandemic. Altogether, this lineage could be considered a Variant of Interest (VOI), we denote VOI1163.7. Finally, we detected a sub-cluster of sequences within VOI1163.7 that have acquired two additional changes previously associated with antibody escape and it could be identified as VOI1163.7.V2. Overall, we have detected the spread of a new Spike variant that may be advantageous to the virus and whose continuous transmission poses risks by the acquisition of additional mutations that could affect pre-existing immunity., This work was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III project COV20/00140 and COV20/00437, Spanish National Research Council project CSIC-COV19-021 and CSIC-COVID19-082, and the Generalitat Valenciana (SEJI/2019/011 and Covid_19-SCI). Action co-financed by the European Union through the Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the Valencian Community 2014-2020. M.C. and R.G. are supported by Ramon y Cajal program from Ministerio de Ciencia.

The development of all-printed, flexible solar cells of high efficiency and ultra-low weight will offer advancements for new market entrants. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of all-printed in ambient air, super-flexible perovskite solar cells with approaching 20% power conversion efficiency and extremely low weight of 5.1 g m-2 leading to an unprecedented power-to-weight ratio of 38,470 W Kg-1. This performance advance was achieved through the design of a highly transparent and conducting nanopaper used as a free-standing bottom electrode (FSBE). The FSBE consisted of cellulose nanocrystals grafted with semi-metallic super-reduced polyoxometalate clusters that enabled high conductivities up to 18 S cm-1 combined with transparency >96%. It also acted as a conformal barrier preventing performance loss upon heating at 95 oC under continuous illumination in inert environment; and strong resistance to decomposition when immersed in a mild citric acid water solution for 100 days, which we further exploit to demonstrate full device recyclability. The inherent flexibility of cellulose nanocrystals enabled remarkable flexibility of these cells under 2,000 repeated bending and folding cycles and mechanical strength upon extensive strain up to 20%. Notably, the nanopaper remained unaffected for strains up to 60%. These findings open the door for efficient and lightweight solar cells with a low environmental impact.

Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36–64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12–44%) and nitrate (6–35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites., This study was partially supported by the European Union's projects ACTRIS (EU FP7-262254) and ACTRIS-2 (EU Horizon 2020–654109). COST Action CA16109 COLOSSAL, Chemical On-Line cOmpoSition and Source Apportionment of fine aerosoL, is acknowledged. The ACSM observations at Birkenes was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment Strategic Institute Program. IDAEA-CSIC (3 datasets: BCN, MSA, MSY) was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL 2012-39623-C02-1). The London measurements were supported by the UK National Research Council through the ClearfLo project and a PhD studentship (grant refs. NE/H008136/1 and NE/I528142/1) and the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). ECPL personel, namely Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Aikaterini Bougiatioti and Iasonas Stavroulas acknowledge support by the project “Panhellenic infrastructure for atmospheric composition and climate change, PANACEA” (MIS 5021516) which is implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure”, funded by the Operational Programme” Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). IMT Lille Douai acknowledges financial support from the CaPPA (Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir) under contract ANR-11-LABX-0005-01, and two CPER projects funded by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, the CNRS, the Regional Council “Hauts-de-France” and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): Climibio, and IRENI (additionally financed by the Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque). S. Zhang thanks IMT Lille Douai and the Regional Council “Hauts-de-France” for her PhD grant. Prague co-authors would like to acknowledge a Czech MEYS's project under INTER-EXCELENCE INTERCOST program under grant agreement LTC18068 and from European Regional Development Fund-Project under the grant ACTRIS-CZ RI (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315). EPA Ireland, Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment (DCCAE) and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) project BACCHUS under grant agreement n_603445 are acknowledged for research support at Mace Head. The physical measurements were also funded by the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network GUAN, which was jointly established with help of the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU) grants F&E 370343200 (German title: “Erfassung der Zahl feiner und ultrafeiner Partikel in der Auβenluft”), 2008–2010, and F&E 371143232 (German title: “Trendanalysen gesundheitsgefährdender Fein-und Ultrafeinstaubfraktionen unter Nutzung der im German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) ermittelten Immissionsdaten durch Fortführung und Interpretation der Messreihen”) 2012–2014. We also acknowledge the WCCAP (World Calibration Center for Aerosol Physics) as part of the WMO-GAW program. The WCCAP is base-funded by the German Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Germany. Support by the European Regional Development Funds (EFRE – Europe funds Saxony) is gratefully acknowledged. Atmospheric measurements performed in Corsica is part of the ChArMEx project supported by CNRS-INSU, ADEME, Météo-France and CEA in the framework of the multidisciplinary programme MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated Studies aT Regional And Local Scales; http://mistrals-home.org/, last access: June 10, 2020). Final data processing of these measurements has been supported by the EMME-CARE (Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Climate and Atmosphere Research Center) which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 856612 and the Cyprus Government. The measurements in Switzerland were supported by the Federal Office for the Environment. We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG) for the opportunity to perform experiments on the Jungfraujoch.

Biological agents that neutralize the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines are revolutionizing the treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, the antibodies (Abs) short half-life and off-target distribution critically limit their efficacy and safety. Therefore, this work proposes the immobilization of anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-6 Abs at the surface of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) in order to extend and increase the Abs therapeutic efficacy, owing to the protection from degradation that the NPs provide, and to avoid off-target side effects through local administration. In an in vitro model of inflammation, biofunctionalized NPs were able to reduce the harmful effects on human chondrocytes provided by inflammatory macrophages, being demonstrated the additive effects of the dual neutralization. Significantly, biofunctionalized NPs ameliorated inflammation more efficiently than soluble Abs in an in vivo experimental model of inflammation, exhibiting a safe profile, a prolonged action, and a stronger efficacy. Hence, as this strategy is able to increase the therapeutic efficacy of the currently available treatments, it is a promising potential therapeutic option for inflammatory conditions., Authors acknowledge the financial support from FCT/MCTES (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education) and the FSE/POCH (European Social Fund through the Operational Program of Human Capital), for the PhD scholarship PD/BD/11384/2015 of A. C. Lima (PD/59/2013), FCT for the projects PTDC/CTM-BIO/4388/2014 – SPARTAN and PTDC/BTMSAL/28882/2017 – Cells4_IDs, and the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) for the projects NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023 – FROnTHERA and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000021. Authors also acknowledge REMIX Project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Maria Sklodowska Curie Grant (Agreement No. 778078).

Combining coordination chemistry and peptide engineering offers extraordinary opportunities for developing novel molecular (supra)structures. Here, we demonstrate that the β-annulus motif is capable of directing the stereoselective assembly of designed peptides containing 2,2′-bipyridine ligands into parallel three-stranded chiral peptide helicates, and that these helicates selectively bind with high affinity to three-way DNA junctions., Financial support from the Spanish grant RTI2018-099877-B-I00, the Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016–2019, ED431G/09, and ED431B 2018/04), and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF) is gratefully acknowledged. J.G.-G. thanks the Spanish MINECO for his FPI fellowship. D.B. thanks the CIQUS for his 2018 PhD fellowship. G.S. and J.-D.M. thank Spanish MINECO (grant CTQ2017-87889-P) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR1323) for the financial support. Finally, we would like to thank Prof. Kazunori Matsuura at Tottori University for his valuable input during the preparation of this manuscript.

Many projects, conducted at multiple levels and sought solutions to the socio-economic and socio-cultural issues of the society, take place within the framework of the European Union Structural Funds; such as, European regional development fund (ERDF), European social fund (ESF), Cohesion fund (CF), European agricultural fund for rural development (EAFRD) and European maritime and fisheries fund (EMFF). The purpose of this study is to examine the EU structural funds, triple helix (i.e. government-university-industry collaboration), potential financial assistance and research grants that many foreign scientists working in research institutions require as a necessity to conduct research projects. Thus, it is quite crucial to make an optimal use of these financial instruments by taking into account eligibility criteria, thematic areas and determinants expressed in project calls of the European Commission. At this point, collaborative actions and productive activities in a network of stakeholders that consists of a large set of actors interacting within the scale of innovation system and ranging from government institutions and democratic mass organisations to universities and research institutions can be particularly effective for solving remaining social matters by taking into account multilevel governance perspective and civilian / humanitarian approach. Furthermore, dealing with societal problems also means tackling with social inequality, discrimination, extremist / exaggerated populism and nationalism, unbalanced distribution of wealth and so forth. There is a huge gap between civic participation and migrant inclusiveness in South Eastern European Countries (SEECs). This investigation claimed that foreign scientists play a catalyst role as impartial observers within universities, civil society organisations, voluntary philanthropic institutions and epistemic networks. In particular, cultural richness, neutrality, naivety and varying mentalities of foreign scientists enforce their affiliated research institutions in terms of multiculturalism, multiethnicity and cosmopolitanism. It can be asserted that the scientific contributions of foreign scientists strengthen significantly the triple helix model by means of using EU structural funds in SEECs. Essentially, the strategic importance of internationalisation and regionalisation were emphasised due to the existence of a competitive ecosystem in the acquisition of EU structural funds. Globalisation and internationalisation of education and research standards are quite crucial for the development of research and education system. Global standardisation and accreditation ensure an opportunity to maintain a higher level of quality for education and research. The EU motto (i.e. united in diversity) is very much appropriate for shaping the mission and vision of universities and research centres in SEECs. However, there are many obstacles towards this social and institutional change. For instance, scientific disputes and quarrels should not turn into an ideological positioning or political partisanship. In this context, proliferation and support of foreign scientists within SEECs may facilitate to attain the objectives of universities and research institutions and gaining global standardisation and accreditation through collaborating with key stakeholders. Moreover, well-educated foreign scientists who were graduated from remarkable Western universities are not threats for SEECs; conversely, they ought to be seen as a great opportunity for acquisition of various research grants and financial instruments and in fact they can directly contribute to the development of a specific area. Insularity, ethnocentrism, citizenship-based identity, high level civic-orientation, societal exclusiveness, unethical attitudes, and disconformity in common moral values are likely to have negative influences on components of triple helix model and the synergy and allegiance of foreign scientists to their affiliated research institutions. Likewise, the diversification and optimal academic engagement in universities can be boost by involving foreign scientists in various joint research actions, learning and experimental processes, voluntary or participatory activities and scientific events. The originality of this study is that this investigation highlights to what extent foreign scientists affect the management of financial instruments and research grants that are used in SEECs. A particular attention was drawn to the common interests of government bodies, universities and corporations. This study implies that government bodies, universities and corporations in SEECs ought to collaborate with foreign scientists who have a full expertise and capability of conducting investigations in frame of EU structural funds framework. In this study, case study research, document analysis and normative approach were applied methodologically.

Pd-catalyzed allylic C-H activation of simple olefins allows an easy entry to seven-membered N,O-heterocycles such as 1,4-benzoxazepines (1,4-BZOs), 1,4-benzodiazepinones (1,4-BZDs) and 1,4-oxazepanes in good to excellent yields. Straightforward derivatizations of the olefinated 1,4-BZO shows the synthetic utility of this methodology. We acknowledge financial support from MINECO (project CTQ2017-87939R and ORFEO-CINQA network RED2018-102387-T), the Xunta de Galicia (project ED431C 2018/04 and Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022, ED431G 2019/03) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund – RDF). A.V.-R. thanks Xunta de Galicia for a predoctoral fellowship (ED481A-2018/34, 2018-2021) SI

Background: Dating Violence (DV) is a public health problem that is on the rise. In this paper, we aim to analyse different factors associated with DV victimization among female and male adolescents in Spain, considering socioeconomic circumstances, sexual orientation and the presence of different attitudes and experiences related to violence. Methods: Cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 640 ever-partnered adolescents aged 13 to 17 at schools in the cities of Alicante (n = 359, 50.1% girls) and Terrassa (n = 281, 51.9%) in the context of an educational intervention to promote healthy relationships. We calculated the prevalence of different forms of DV (physical, sexual and control and fear) and carried out multivariate regression models by sex. Results: 5.5% of girls and 8.7% of boys declared having suffered lifetime physical and/or sexual violence, while 22% of girls and 20.5% of boys reported control and/or fear victimization. The likelihood of DV was higher among migrants and those with foreign-born parents (aPR girls = 2.1 CI95%: 1.1-3.9; aPR boys = 1.9: CI95%: 1.0-3.6); prior experiences of abuse (aPR girls = 1.6; CI95%: 1.0-2.6; aPR boys = 1.7; CI95%: 1.1-2.6); and those who showed higher levels of machismo (aPR girls = 1.0; CI95%: 1.0-1.1; aPR boys = 1.0; CI95%: 1.0-1.1). In girls, DV increased among those who reported lesbian/bisexual orientation and poor relationship with teachers. Conclusions: DV is socially patterned and increases among LGB adolescents (especially in the case of girls), migrants, and those with foreign-born parents, and adolescents who reported prior experiences of violence in childhood. Future DV prevention programs should consider social inequalities in the likelihood of DV and by reinforcing adolescents' abilities to recognize social support sources and reject machismo and violence. The project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and the Carlos III Institute (Ref. PI18/00590 and PI18/00544) in 2019 and 2021. This study has also been conducted within the grant received from Instituto de Salud Carlos III & FEDER of which VP is recipient of Predoctora Contract for Training in Health Research (PFIS) grant from European Social Found (FSE) (FI19/00201). Sí

The search of compounds emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) has been accelerated owing to their use in biomedical and telecommunications applications. In this regard, nanographenes (NGs) are attractive materials adequate for integration with other technologies, which have recently demonstrated amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and lasing across the visible spectrum. Here, the optical and ASE properties of four-zigzag edged NGs of the [m,n]peri-acenoacene family are reported, whose size is increased through conjugation extension by varying n (from 3 to 5) while keeping m = 2. Results show that such 1D conjugation extension method is more efficient in terms of shifting the photoluminescence (PL) to the infrared (PL at 710 nm in the larger compound, PP-Ar) than through 2D conjugation extension as in previously reported NGs (PL at 676 nm with the largest compound FZ3, with n = 3 and m = 4). Additionally, PP-Ar shows dual-ASE (at 726 and 787 nm), whose origin is elucidated through Raman and transient absorption spectroscopies. These compounds’ potential for red and NIR lasing is demonstrated through the fabrication of distributed feedback lasers with top-layer resonators. This study paves the way towards the development of stable low-cost all-plastic NIR lasers. The authors acknowledge financial support from the “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades” of Spain, European Regional Development Fund and European Social Funds (MAT2015-66586-R, PDI2019-106114GB-I00, BES-2016-077681, PGC2018-098533-B-100 and RED2018-102815-T). J.C. thanks the Junta de Andalucía of Spain (UMA18FEDERJA057). The authors also thank the Research Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga. F.G. acknowledges the Spanish Government for an FPI grant. G.M.P. thanks Fondazione Cariplo (grant no 2018-0979) for the financial support. J.W. acknowledges the “Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore” for financial support from A*STAR AME grant (A20E5c0089). A.M.R. and F.S. have received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. [816313]).

[EN] Taking into account the public health importance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) control in the future, it is mandatory to assess the effect of the vaccination campaigns on the control of HPV spread and the associated diseases using reliable mathematical models. We propose a computational random network model with the aim of studying the transmission dynamics of HPV infections. This model reflects the herd immunity effect in the heterosexual network more accurately than the classical models. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the sexual behavior changes consisting of increasing the number of men who have sex with men (MSM), increasing the frequency of the intercourses and increasing the number of sexual partners. We find that large changes in the sexual behavior, in some extent, only have minor effects on the decline of the HPV infections in women and men in the current vaccination campaign in Spain (vaccination of young girls with a coverage of 70%). Therefore, the current vaccination program in Spain is robust for the heterosexuals. However, we cannot say the same for MSM, where they do not benefit by the herd immunity effect of the vaccination of girls, and consequently, the circulation of the virus among them remains unchanged. A consequence of the present study is that the effect of other external factors that may affect the transmission dynamics of the HPV, for instance, the tourism or the immigration, does not influence the protection provided by the current Spanish vaccination program., Operational Program of the [European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)/European Social Fund (ESF)] of the Valencian Community 2014-2020, Grant/Award Number: GJIDI/2018/A/010 and GJIDI/2018/A/009; Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Grant/Award Number: MTM2017-89664-P

OBJECTIVE: There is high prevalence of cigarette smoking in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) prior to psychosis onset. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of previous tobacco use with or without cannabis on first psychotic experiences in FEP and the impact of this use on age of onset of symptoms, including prodromes. METHODS: Retrospective analyses from the naturalistic, longitudinal, multicentre, "Phenotype-Genotype and Environmental Interaction. Application of a Predictive Model in First Psychotic Episodes (PEPs)" Study. The authors analysed sociodemographic/clinical data of 284 FEP patients and 231 matched healthy controls, and evaluated first psychotic experiences of patients using the Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia Inventory. RESULTS: FEP patients had significantly higher prevalence of tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use than controls. The FEP group with tobacco use only prior to onset (N=56) had more sleep disturbances (42.9% vs 18.8%, P=0.003) and lower prevalence of negative symptoms, specifically social withdrawal (33.9% vs 58%, P=0.007) than FEP with no substance use (N=70), as well as lower prevalence of ideas of reference (80.4% vs 92.4%, P=0.015), perceptual abnormalities (46.4% vs 67.4%, P=0.006), hallucinations (55.4% vs 71.5%, P=0.029), and disorganised thinking (41.1% vs 61.1%, P=0.010) than FEP group with previous tobacco and cannabis use (N=144). FEP patients with cannabis and tobacco use had lower age at first prodromal or psychotic symptom (mean=23.73years [SD=5.09]) versus those with tobacco use only (mean=26.21 [SD=4.80]) (P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The use of tobacco alone was not related to earlier age of onset of a first psychotic experience, but the clinical profile of FEP patients is different depending on previous tobacco use with or without cannabis. This study received economic support from the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Competitiveness, the Carlos III Health Care Insti-tute (Grant Number PI11/00325, PI14/00612), the European Regional Development Fund, the European Union, “Una manera de hacer Europa/ A Way of Shaping Europe”, and CIBERSAM.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease linked with several chronic diseases. We aimed at identifying genetic variants associated with NAFLD and evaluate their functional consequences. We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis of four cohorts of electronic health record-documented NAFLD in participants of European ancestry (8434 cases and 770,180 controls). We identified five potential susceptibility loci for NAFLD (located at or near GCKR, TR1B1, MAU2/TM6SF2, APOE, and PNPLA3). We also report a potentially causal effect of lower LPL expression in adipose tissue on NAFLD susceptibility and an effect of the FTO genotype on NAFLD that is likely explained by obesity. Positive genetic correlations between NAFLD and cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors such as body fat accumulation/distribution, lipoprotein-lipid levels, insulin resistance and coronary artery disease and negative genetic correlations with parental lifespan, socio-economic status and acetoacetate levels were observed. Altogether, this large GWAS meta-analysis revealed new insights into the genetic architecture of NAFLD. Funding: Part of this study was supported by the European Union through the European Regional Development fund. The work of Estonian Genome Center, Univ. of Tartu has been supported by the European Regional Development Fund and grants No. GENTRANSMED (2014-2020.4.01.15-0012), MOBERA5 (Norface Network project no 462.16.107) and 2014-2020.4.01.16-0125. This study was also funded by the European Union through Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant no 810645 and through the European Regional Development Fund project no. MOBEC008 and Estonian Research Council Grant PUT1660. Ethical Approval: This study and the use of data from 4119 cases and 190,120 controls was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Tartu (Approval number 288/M-18).

This study was supported by grant CGL2016-77503-R from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), cofounded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Union (EU), and the RNM-369 research group of the regional government of Andalusia. The authors also thank the State Harbors (Ministry of Public Services, Government of Spain) for providing the sea temperature dataset. One of the authors conducted this work as part of the activities of the Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, WATEC. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA., The temperature distribution in coastal aquifers is determined by the effect of different heat sources: surface water recharge, sea infiltration, and geothermal heat. In previous studies, the signal generated in groundwater by each source was individually studied, and in the case of geothermal heat, it was often not considered. This research is the first in considering all possible sources of heat in a coastal aquifer simultaneously by using a combination of field data and numerical modeling to present a reference model based on the characteristics of a real aquifer. The position of the freshwater-saltwater interface (FSI) and its effect on temperature distribution have been modeled considering variable-density flow, coupled heat and solute transport. This study broadens the theoretical knowledge of temperature distribution in coastal aquifers based on a sensitivity analysis of hydraulic and thermic parameters. Furthermore, a case study (the Motril-Salobreña aquifer) was modeled with field data calibration to test the applicability to real aquifers. The new insights gained through this study provide integrated knowledge of the temperature distribution in coastal areas and establish the basis for future research using heat as a tracer in seaside aquifers., Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) CGL2016-77503-R, Junta de Andalucia RNM-369, Universidad de Granada/CBUA

Funding: I.E. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 825835 (BovReg), Secretaria de Universidades e Investigacion del Departamento de Economia y Conocimiento de la Generalidad de Cataluna, 2017 SGR 447 (SGR), Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and FEDER under Project BFU2017-88264-P (Plan Estatal). I.E. also acknowledges the following CRG funding sources: support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) to the EMBL partnership, Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa, the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

The ClimMIT project was funded by Estonian Research Council from National Programme for Addressing Socio-Economic Challenges through R&D (RITA), which is supported by the Estonian Government and European Regional Development Fund from April 2019 to April 2021. ClimMIT (https://www.taltech.ee/climmit) aims to assess the feasibility of investing in carbon capture infrastructure to minimise greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from oil shale industry in Estonia. The main technological deliverables of the project include analysis and recommendations on measures for potential implementation of carbon capture technologies and utilisation of carbon dioxide in Estonia’s public and private sectors. Estonia’s economy has, per capita, one of the highest GHG emission rates and carbon-intensity levels in the European Union. To decrease GHG emissions, the best options for implementing carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies must be worked out. The main goal of the project is to assess the suitability of existing CCU technologies and to develop scenarios for adopting these technologies in Estonia’s oil shale sector. The project results in a multifaceted overview of the feasibility of investing in carbon capture infrastructure to help to minimize GHG emissions from the oil shale industry in Estonia.

We describe small-sized specimens of the metailurine felid Dinofelis from a new Plio-Pleistocene site in North Africa. Dinofelis is a genus of saber-toothed cats mainly recorded from East and South Africa with numerous leopard to jaguar-sized species. The described specimens, clearly smaller than all the other African Dinofelis, resemble isolated remains from the Late Pliocene of France and the Early Pleistocene of Africa. Present evidence suggests that our form represents a new species and/or new lineage of Dinofelis, smaller and probably occupying a different ecological niche compared to the previously known members of the genus, and thus it adds complexity to the high intraspecific competition among large carnivorans in the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa., This work has been funded by Palarq Foundation, Spanish Ministry of Culture and Sport (Ref: 42-T002018N0000042853 and 170- T002019N0000038589), Direction of Cultural Heritage (Ministry of Culture and Communication, Morocco), Faculty of Sciences (Mohamed 1r University of Oujda,Morocco), INSAP (Institut National des Sciences de l'Archeologie et du Patrimoine), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ref: CGL2016-80975-P, CGL2016-80000-P, PGC2018-095489-B-I00 and PGC2018-093925-B-C31), Agencia Estatal de Investigacion e European Regional Development Fund of the European Union (CGL2017-82654-P, AEI/FEDER-UE), the Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA Program) which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Program and Research Groups Support (2017 SGR 836 and 2017SGR 859). R.S-R, M.G.CH., and P.S. research is funded by CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. J.M.-M. is member of consolidated research group 2017 SGR 116 (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya). A.R.-H. is the beneficiary of a postdoctoral scholar ship from the MICINN, Subprograma Juan de la Cierva (IJC-037447-I) and member of the Consolidated Research Group 2017 SGR 1040 of the Generalitat de Catalunya. A.M.A and M.F. are beneficiaries of a fellowship from the Erasmus Mundus Program to do the Master in Quaternary and Prehistory at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Tarragona, Spain). The Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolucio Social (IPHES-CERCA) has received financial support fromthe Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘María de Maeztu’ program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2019-000945-M).

Anionic dendrimers have recently emerged as hosts (H) for the color stabilization of the flavylium cation of anthocyanin guests (G). The interaction with a promising, more hydrophobic pyranoanthocyanin illustrates how the structure and concentration of the dye modulate the host–guest interaction mechanisms. NMR and UV–vis titrations (host over guest, from G/H ratio 2089 to 45) showed that at relatively low dendrimer-to-dye concentrations, ion pairs at the dendrimer periphery prevail over dye encapsulation. This promotes the deaggregation of the dye, not previously observed with anthocyanins, and related to the more hydrophobic nature of this dye (deshielding of the dye 1H signals, higher T2 relaxation times, constant diffusion coefficient). As the dendrimer concentration increases, the dye encapsulation, earlier unseen with structurally simpler flavylium dyes, becomes dominant (shielding and broadening of the dye 1H signals and lower T2 and diffusion coefficient). The interaction parameters of the encapsulation process (K ∼ 4.51 × 104 M–1, n ∼ 150) indicate the binding of ca. one pyranoanthocyanin molecule by each sulfate terminal group. Our results provide insights into the ability of dendrimers to host structurally diverse pyranoflavylium-based dyes and how the structure of the latter modulates the range of interactions involved. The encapsulation ability of this dendrimer to such pH-sensitive dyes is envisioned for the host–guest sensing applications such as pH-responsive systems used for example in food smart packaging This research was supported by a research project grant (PTDC/OCE-ETA/31250/2017) with financial support from FCT/MCTES through national funds and co-financed by FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 (UID/QUI/50006/2020, ). This research was conducted under the project AgriFood XXI–NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000041, financed by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Norte 2020). Financial support was also obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTI2018-102212-B-I00), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2018/30 and Centro singular de investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022, ED431G 2019/03), Axencia Galega de Innovación (IN845D 2020/09), and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF) SI