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12 páginas The European Union has proved to be ineffective in covering the needs of millions of people who seek asylum, while trying to satisfy the security claims of the Member States. The EU institutions have decided to reform the Common European Asylum System to coordinate the procedures, requirements, and conditions for acceptance, aiming to harmonise the national legislative frameworks. One of the most notorious aspects is the extension of the integration measures and conditions to asylum seekers. Nonetheless, the new rules still fail to offer a solution for those asylum requests that are going to be denied after long waiting periods even if the applicants have benefited from the integration programs. In order to avoid such legal implications for the long-term asylum seekers, this article encourages the EU institutions to adopt an ultimate solution, even if a bit creative, that would be coherent with the goals of the CEAS reforms. Medellín

La presente investigación tiene por objeto realizar un análisis de la gestión de la crisis migratoria del Mediterráneo en el año 2015 por parte de la Unión Europea, momento en el que llegan al territorio comunitario más de un millón de personas solicitantes de asilo. Tras un primer recorrido histórico y legislativo para conocer el proceso de construcción del Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo, se abordará el enfoque hotspots presentado por la Unión Europea con el fin de hacer frente a la emergencia humanitaria. Desde un enfoque crítico se analizará cuál ha sido la afectación de las propuestas legislativas sobre los derechos de los migrantes, así como se intentará aportar una visión sobre las consecuencias sociales de esta crisis migratoria. This current thesis has the aim of analyzing the governance of the Mediterranean crisis in 2015 by the European Unión, the moment in which more than a million people arrived at the community territory seeking asylum. After a first historical and legislative review of the topic, in order to know well the construction and integration of the Common European Asylum System, the hotspots approach will be evaluated, it was presented by the European Unión with the purpose of tackle the humanitarian emergency. It will be analyzed, from a critical approach, how the different legislative proposals have affected the migrants’ rights, as well as this thesis will attempt to provide a view about the social consequences of this migratory crisis. Máster Oficial en Estudios Avanzados en Derechos Humanos Presidente: Carlos Fernández Liesa.- Secretaria: Silvina Ribotta

Over the past few years, the exceptional increase in the number of migrant arrivals and of asylum claims in Europe has dramatically strained the "European migration regime"1 based on the so-called managed migration approach. The rationale of this approach was to allow for managed and orderly migration (Spencer 1994), selecting immigrants according to labour market needs (COM 2005, 184). This system was undermined by a sudden and significant acceleration in the number of entries registered from 2014 onwards. The European Agenda on Migration, which was intended to be a first political response to some meaningful shortcomings of the European migration regime, has, in fact, amplified these shortcomings. The significant change in the European migration space produced by the so-called 2015 refugee crisis is at the root of this problem. The latter has been mainly a crisis of management of those new migration patterns linked to structural changes in the Euro-African political and economic regional space.

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind and its effects will hit the most vulnerable persons disproportionately hard. Several millions of people risk displacement due to environmental hazards, natural disasters and climate mediated conflicts, influencing migration patterns across the world. Without a strategy for protecting specifically climate refugees, States risk violating several human rights, which makes the issue highly relevant to the international community. Nevertheless, an intergovernmental strategy for addressing the challenges does not yet exist. This thesis focuses specifically on the European Union’s role in protecting climate refugees. It offers an analysis of the mechanical and attitudinal dimensions of refugee protection in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and uses post-colonial theory as a tool for interpreting its implementation. This thesis is written with the purpose of contributing to the discourse on how climate refugees can and should fit in under current EU legislative mechanisms.

Migrant crisis and large number of asilym seekers created pressure to re-form the Common European asylum System (CEaS). in 2016 the European Commission proposed a reform package that should be adopted according to ordinary legislative procedure. The goal of this article is to analyse the role of EU institutions, and especially European Parliament, in the process of adop-tion of Dublin IV, the centerpeice of CEaS reform package. The main thesis is that European Parliament, although supportive of CEaS reform, remains a secondary actor compared to EU member states which are unable to achieve an agreement on the most important elements of the reform. Recent elec-tions for the European Parliament raise the issue whether the Parliament's stance would be changed, but another question is even more important -what would be, having in mind member states positions, the fate of the pro-posed reform package. Migrantska kriza koja je zahvatila Evropsku uniju (EU) poslednjih godina, sa velikim brojem tražilaca azila u zemljama članicama, nametnula je neophodnost promene zajedničkog evropskog sistema azila. Reforma predložena 2016. godine obuhvata paket legislativnih predloga koji treba da budu usvojeni po redovnoj zakonodavnoj proceduri. Cilj ovog rada je da analizira ulogu institucija EU, a posebno Evropskog parlamenta, u dosadašnjem toku usvajanja Dablina IV kao ključnog dela predloženog reformskog paketa, kao i da pokuša da predvidi njegov stav u daljem procesu. Osnovna teza rada je da Evropski parlament, iako jedan od promotera promene zajedničkog evropskog sistema azila, ostaje sekundaran akter u odnosu na zemlje članice koje u Savetu EU ne uspevaju da postignu dogovor o najvažnijim elementima reforme. Visoko politizovano pitanje azila i migracija je u prethodnom sazivu Evropskog parlamenta u najvećoj meri narušilo koheziju EPP-a, ali i pokazalo da su poslanici iz zemalja koje imaju najviše primedbi na predložene reforme glasali češće u skladu sa nacionalnim prioritetima nego sa politikom partijske grupe. Nedavno održani izbori za Evropski parlament otvaraju dilemu da li će stav Parlamenta biti promenjen, ali se postavlja i drugo pitanje - kakva će, uzimajući u obzir stavove zemalja članica, biti sudbina predloženih reformi.

This thesis examines the difficulties encountered in the process of establishing the CommonEuropean Asylum System, taken from a discursive perspective. The focus of the study isthreefold; why are specific issues highlighted by the European Union Member States, how isthe discursive conflict expressed within the discourse on CEAS, and what definitions ofsolidarity are promoted by the Member States. In purpose of addressing these focuses,discourse theory, issue salience and solidarity through burden sharing are used as theoreticalframework. By applying critical method and discourse analysis, this study has managed toestablish that the security issues are among the most highlighted, whereas the geographicallocation of a Member State seems to be an explanatory factor to a Member State’s specificemphasis. Regarding the discursive conflict, the definitions of the concepts mutual trust, fairdistribution and cooperation are especially contested. Furthermore, the external dimension ofsolidarity is proven to be the precedent definition of solidarity.