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1. Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia

Author

Iosif Lazaridis, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe Acar, Ayşen Açıkkol, Anagnostis Agelarakis, Levon Aghikyan, Uğur Akyüz, Desislava Andreeva, Gojko Andrijašević, Dragana Antonović, Ian Armit, Alper Atmaca, Pavel Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan Aytek, Krum Bacvarov, Ruben Badalyan, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline Balen, Lorenc Bejko, Rebecca Bernardos, Andreas Bertsatos, Hanifi Biber, Ahmet Bilir, Mario Bodružić, Michelle Bonogofsky, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Nikola Borovinić, Guillermo Bravo Morante, Katharina Buttinger, Kim Callan, Francesca Candilio, Mario Carić, Olivia Cheronet, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou, Stella Chryssoulaki, Ion Ciobanu, Natalija Čondić, Mihai Constantinescu, Emanuela Cristiani, Brendan J. Culleton, Elizabeth Curtis, Jack Davis, Tatiana I. Demcenco, Valentin Dergachev, Zafer Derin, Sylvia Deskaj, Seda Devejyan, Vojislav Djordjević, Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson, Laurie R. Eccles, Nedko Elenski, Atilla Engin, Nihat Erdoğan, Sabiha Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel M. Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Suzanne Freilich, Alin Frînculeasa, Michael L. Galaty, Beatriz Gamarra, Boris Gasparyan, Bisserka Gaydarska, Elif Genç, Timur Gültekin, Serkan Gündüz, Tamás Hajdu, Volker Heyd, Suren Hobosyan, Nelli Hovhannisyan, Iliya Iliev, Lora Iliev, Stanislav Iliev, İlkay İvgin, Ivor Janković, Lence Jovanova, Panagiotis Karkanas, Berna Kavaz-Kındığılı, Esra Hilal Kaya, Denise Keating, Douglas J. Kennett, Seda Deniz Kesici, Anahit Khudaverdyan, Krisztián Kiss, Sinan Kılıç, Paul Klostermann, Sinem Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša Kovačević, Marta Krenz-Niedbała, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena Kurti, Pasko Kuzman, Ann Marie Lawson, Catalin Lazar, Krassimir Leshtakov, Thomas E. Levy, Ioannis Liritzis, Kirsi O. Lorentz, Sylwia Łukasik, Matthew Mah, Swapan Mallick, Kirsten Mandl, Kristine Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger Matthews, Wendy Matthews, Kathleen McSweeney, Varduhi Melikyan, Adam Micco, Megan Michel, Lidija Milašinović, Alissa Mittnik, Janet M. Monge, Georgi Nekhrizov, Rebecca Nicholls, Alexey G. Nikitin, Vassil Nikolov, Mario Novak, Iñigo Olalde, Jonas Oppenheimer, Anna Osterholtz, Celal Özdemir, Kadir Toykan Özdoğan, Nurettin Öztürk, Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Papakonstantinou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lujana Paraman, Evgeny G. Paskary, Nick Patterson, Ilian Petrakiev, Levon Petrosyan, Vanya Petrova, Anna Philippa-Touchais, Ashot Piliposyan, Nada Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje Potrebica, Bianca Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka Premužić, T. Douglas Price, Lijun Qiu, Siniša Radović, Kamal Raeuf Aziz, Petra Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal Rasheed Raheem, Sergei Razumov, Amy Richardson, Jacob Roodenberg, Rudenc Ruka, Victoria Russeva, Mustafa Şahin, Ayşegül Şarbak, Emre Savaş, Constanze Schattke, Lynne Schepartz, Tayfun Selçuk, Ayla Sevim-Erol, Michel Shamoon-Pour, Henry M. Shephard, Athanasios Sideris, Angela Simalcsik, Hakob Simonyan, Vitalij Sinika, Kendra Sirak, Ghenadie Sirbu, Mario Šlaus, Andrei Soficaru, Bilal Söğüt, Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Çilem Sönmez-Sözer, Maria Stathi, Martin Steskal, Kristin Stewardson, Sharon Stocker, Fadime Suata-Alpaslan, Alexander Suvorov, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás Szeniczey, Nikolai Telnov, Strahil Temov, Nadezhda Todorova, Ulsi Tota, Gilles Touchais, Sevi Triantaphyllou, Atila Türker, Marina Ugarković, Todor Valchev, Fanica Veljanovska, Zlatko Videvski, Cristian Virag, Anna Wagner, Sam Walsh, Piotr Włodarczak, J. Noah Workman, Aram Yardumian, Evgenii Yarovoy, Alper Yener Yavuz, Hakan Yılmaz, Fatma Zalzala, Anna Zettl, Zhao Zhang, Rafet Çavuşoğlu, Nadin Rohland, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, and Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
Europe, History, Multidisciplinary, Origin, Genomes, Article, ancient DNA, Neolithic migrations, Anatolia, Fertile Crescent, hunter-gatherers, early farmers, 1st Farmers
Abstract

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia., National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying Research Article, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (12). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.).

Published
2022
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2. A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia

Author

Iosif, Lazaridis, Songül, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Ayşe, Acar, Ayşen, Açıkkol, Anagnostis, Agelarakis, Levon, Aghikyan, Uğur, Akyüz, Desislava, Andreeva, Gojko, Andrijašević, Dragana, Antonović, Ian, Armit, Alper, Atmaca, Pavel, Avetisyan, Ahmet İhsan, Aytek, Krum, Bacvarov, Ruben, Badalyan, Stefan, Bakardzhiev, Jacqueline, Balen, Lorenc, Bejko, Rebecca, Bernardos, Andreas, Bertsatos, Hanifi, Biber, Ahmet, Bilir, Mario, Bodružić, Michelle, Bonogofsky, Clive, Bonsall, Dušan, Borić, Nikola, Borovinić, Guillermo, Bravo Morante, Katharina, Buttinger, Kim, Callan, Francesca, Candilio, Mario, Carić, Olivia, Cheronet, Stefan, Chohadzhiev, Maria-Eleni, Chovalopoulou, Stella, Chryssoulaki, Ion, Ciobanu, Natalija, Čondić, Mihai, Constantinescu, Emanuela, Cristiani, Brendan J, Culleton, Elizabeth, Curtis, Jack, Davis, Tatiana I, Demcenco, Valentin, Dergachev, Zafer, Derin, Sylvia, Deskaj, Seda, Devejyan, Vojislav, Djordjević, Kellie Sara, Duffett Carlson, Laurie R, Eccles, Nedko, Elenski, Atilla, Engin, Nihat, Erdoğan, Sabiha, Erir-Pazarcı, Daniel M, Fernandes, Matthew, Ferry, Suzanne, Freilich, Alin, Frînculeasa, Michael L, Galaty, Beatriz, Gamarra, Boris, Gasparyan, Bisserka, Gaydarska, Elif, Genç, Timur, Gültekin, Serkan, Gündüz, Tamás, Hajdu, Volker, Heyd, Suren, Hobosyan, Nelli, Hovhannisyan, Iliya, Iliev, Lora, Iliev, Stanislav, Iliev, İlkay, İvgin, Ivor, Janković, Lence, Jovanova, Panagiotis, Karkanas, Berna, Kavaz-Kındığılı, Esra Hilal, Kaya, Denise, Keating, Douglas J, Kennett, Seda, Deniz Kesici, Anahit, Khudaverdyan, Krisztián, Kiss, Sinan, Kılıç, Paul, Klostermann, Sinem, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes, Saša, Kovačević, Marta, Krenz-Niedbała, Maja, Krznarić Škrivanko, Rovena, Kurti, Pasko, Kuzman, Ann Marie, Lawson, Catalin, Lazar, Krassimir, Leshtakov, Thomas E, Levy, Ioannis, Liritzis, Kirsi O, Lorentz, Sylwia, Łukasik, Matthew, Mah, Swapan, Mallick, Kirsten, Mandl, Kristine, Martirosyan-Olshansky, Roger, Matthews, Wendy, Matthews, Kathleen, McSweeney, Varduhi, Melikyan, Adam, Micco, Megan, Michel, Lidija, Milašinović, Alissa, Mittnik, Janet M, Monge, Georgi, Nekhrizov, Rebecca, Nicholls, Alexey G, Nikitin, Vassil, Nikolov, Mario, Novak, Iñigo, Olalde, Jonas, Oppenheimer, Anna, Osterholtz, Celal, Özdemir, Kadir Toykan, Özdoğan, Nurettin, Öztürk, Nikos, Papadimitriou, Niki, Papakonstantinou, Anastasia, Papathanasiou, Lujana, Paraman, Evgeny G, Paskary, Nick, Patterson, Ilian, Petrakiev, Levon, Petrosyan, Vanya, Petrova, Anna, Philippa-Touchais, Ashot, Piliposyan, Nada, Pocuca Kuzman, Hrvoje, Potrebica, Bianca, Preda-Bălănică, Zrinka, Premužić, T Douglas, Price, Lijun, Qiu, Siniša, Radović, Kamal, Raeuf Aziz, Petra, Rajić Šikanjić, Kamal, Rasheed Raheem, Sergei, Razumov, Amy, Richardson, Jacob, Roodenberg, Rudenc, Ruka, Victoria, Russeva, Mustafa, Şahin, Ayşegül, Şarbak, Emre, Savaş, Constanze, Schattke, Lynne, Schepartz, Tayfun, Selçuk, Ayla, Sevim-Erol, Michel, Shamoon-Pour, Henry M, Shephard, Athanasios, Sideris, Angela, Simalcsik, Hakob, Simonyan, Vitalij, Sinika, Kendra, Sirak, Ghenadie, Sirbu, Mario, Šlaus, Andrei, Soficaru, Bilal, Söğüt, Arkadiusz, Sołtysiak, Çilem, Sönmez-Sözer, Maria, Stathi, Martin, Steskal, Kristin, Stewardson, Sharon, Stocker, Fadime, Suata-Alpaslan, Alexander, Suvorov, Anna, Szécsényi-Nagy, Tamás, Szeniczey, Nikolai, Telnov, Strahil, Temov, Nadezhda, Todorova, Ulsi, Tota, Gilles, Touchais, Sevi, Triantaphyllou, Atila, Türker, Marina, Ugarković, Todor, Valchev, Fanica, Veljanovska, Zlatko, Videvski, Cristian, Virag, Anna, Wagner, Sam, Walsh, Piotr, Włodarczak, J Noah, Workman, Aram, Yardumian, Evgenii, Yarovoy, Alper Yener, Yavuz, Hakan, Yılmaz, Fatma, Zalzala, Anna, Zettl, Zhao, Zhang, Rafet, Çavuşoğlu, Nadin, Rohland, Ron, Pinhasi, David, Reich, Ruben, Davtyan, and Edebiyat Fakültesi

Subjects
Genomic History, Asia, Multidisciplinary, Greece, Ancient DNA, Europe, Turkey, Migration, Urartian Kingdom, Roman and Byzantine Empires, Human Migration, Population, Genetic Variation, Admixture, Dna, human genetics, archaeogentic analysis, literary and archaeological sources, Southern Europe, Western Asia, Eye, History, Medieval, Article, Europe, Archaeology, Languages, Humans, Selection, History, Ancient, Hair, Skin
Abstract

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region., National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying manuscript, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (1). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to D.R.).

Published
2022

3. Population genomic analysis of ancient and modern genomes yields new insights into the genetic ancestry of the Tyrolean Iceman and the genetic structure of Europe

Author

Carlos Bustamante, Andrea Maschio, Albert Zink, Serena Sanna, Martin Sikora, Georgi Nekhrizov, Federico Sánchez-Quinto, Meredith L. Carpenter, Gonçalo R. Abecasis, Diana Dimitrova, Ilenia Zara, Fabio Busonero, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, Frank Maixner, Brenna M. Henn, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Timothy T. Harkins, Andreas Keller, Francesco Cucca, Maristella Pitzalis, Chris Jones, Peter A. Underhill, Nikola Theodossiev, Andrea Angius, Carlo Sidore, Green, Richard E, National Institutes of Health (US), and Austrian Science Fund

Subjects
Evolutionary Genetics, Cancer Research, Population genetics, Social Sciences, Haplogroup, Genome Sequencing, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, education.field_of_study, Genome, Fossils, Paleogenetics, Single Nucleotide, Genomics, Europe, Genetic structure, Female, Human, Research Article, Gene Flow, lcsh:QH426-470, Genetic genealogy, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], Population, Context (language use), Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Iceman, Humans, Polymorphism, education, Molecular Biology Techniques, Sequencing Techniques, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Evolutionary Biology, Population Biology, Genome, Human, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, lcsh:Genetics, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, Population Genetics, Developmental Biology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.07 [https]
Abstract

Sikora, Martin et al., Genome sequencing of the 5,300-year-old mummy of the Tyrolean Iceman, found in 1991 on a glacier near the border of Italy and Austria, has yielded new insights into his origin and relationship to modern European populations. A key finding of that study was an apparent recent common ancestry with individuals from Sardinia, based largely on the Y chromosome haplogroup and common autosomal SNP variation. Here, we compiled and analyzed genomic datasets from both modern and ancient Europeans, including genome sequence data from over 400 Sardinians and two ancient Thracians from Bulgaria, to investigate this result in greater detail and determine its implications for the genetic structure of Neolithic Europe. Using whole-genome sequencing data, we confirm that the Iceman is, indeed, most closely related to Sardinians. Furthermore, we show that this relationship extends to other individuals from cultural contexts associated with the spread of agriculture during the Neolithic transition, in contrast to individuals from a hunter-gatherer context. We hypothesize that this genetic affinity of ancient samples from different parts of Europe with Sardinians represents a common genetic component that was geographically widespread across Europe during the Neolithic, likely related to migrations and population expansions associated with the spread of agriculture. © 2014 Sikora et al., This project was supported by NIH grant 2R01HG003229. This work was also partially supported by an Erwin Schrödinger Fellowship of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) to MS (J3375-B19).

Published
2014

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