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A new species, Cephalaria kurdistanica, from Chehel-Cheshmeh mountain, west of Iran, is here described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically related to C. microcephala Boiss., C. procera Fisch. & Avé-Lall., and C. kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen., but it differs in chiefly stem size, size and shape of capitula, the number of phyllaries, shape of upper part of phyllaries, calyx shape and indumentum, and size of bristles of receptacle. As well as detailed description, distribution map, conservation status and ecology of the new species are given.

Heracleum kurdistanicum (Apiaceae; Tordylieae), a new subalpine species from Dalanpar Mountain, NW Iran, is described and illustrated. Heracleum kurdistanicum has no morphologically close relatives, but is compared with two most similar species: H. argaeum and H. schelkovnikovii. They differ in habit, leaves, fruits, and number and size of rays.

The Eurasian genus Tragopogon Linnaeus (1753: 789) comprises approximately 150 species (Mavrodiev et al. 2012, Bell et al. 2012). Twenty six species of Tragopogon were treated in Flora Iranica (Rechinger 1977) as occurring in Iran, of which 10 species were considered endemic to Iran. The same number of species was retained in the new Flora of Iran (Safavi et al. 2013).

Trifolium kurdistanicum, a new species of Trifolium sect. Trifolium from Kurdistan Province, west of Iran is described. It grows at high altitude on subalpine regions with steep slopes and shallow soil. The new species is morphologically close to T. longidentatum and can be considered as a member of the subsect. Ochroleuca. Trifolium kurdistanicum is characterized by large, multiple and branched stems, less than half of the stipule length adnate to the petiole, inflorescences without bracts, calyx with 3-nerved lower and 1-nerved upper teeth and all slightly longer than the tube, calyx nearly half the length of corolla, flowers violet or rarely white and seeds reniform.

A new species of Pentanema, P. kurdistanicum is described and illustrated from Kurdistan, west of Iran. The new species was found scattered among rocks in the subalpine zone of S Marivan, in a low number of individuals. The new species is compared with the nearest allies, P. flexuosum and P. prasinurum. The phytochoria, morphological characters, ecology, conservation status, distribution map and phenology of the new species are presented.