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Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia Contemporanea is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Protests in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014 sparked newfound interest in the region and in the potential of citizen-led movements to elicit change in transitional societies. However, much of the academic literature in response has explored this episode with a focus on the protesters, their claims, organization, outputs, and potential to create long-lasting impact. On the other hand, elite responses to citizen-led protests are underexamined and undertheorized, particularly in post-conflict societies facing complex governance arrangements with high horizontal concentration of power. This article analyses how political elites in Bosnia and Herzegovina responded to episodes of contentious politics in the country. We explore the different ways protests were undermined by subnational elites in three cases utilizing process tracing and comparative analysis. Elites with higher levels of power concentration are better equipped to address contentious politics, as they are able to manage and control collective claim making, thus suppressing the domestication of competing norms on subnational levels to varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early nineteenth century, several Slavic intellectuals believed in a single Slavic nation speaking a single language, though positing various taxonomies of the nation’s component “tribes” and the language’s component “dialects.” Nevertheless, recent scholars, both historians and linguists, prove so extraordinarily unwilling to acknowledge the existence of Panslavism that several falsify the historical record so as to make historical figures conform to modern national and linguistic thinking. This paper discusses Jan Kollár, Ljudevit Gaj, and Ľudovít Štúr as three sample Panslavs, documents the misrepresentation of their ideas in recent historiography, and explores why so many scholars seek to erase Panslavism from the historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I utilise a contextual understanding of ethnicity and unique data to demonstrate that the ethnic Uzbek identity category is both widely available and frequently a useful means of making sense of the world in both Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. While Uzbek ethnicity is generally salient in both states, the context in which it becomes so varies across space. In particular, there are significant urban–rural distinctions that affect when Uzbek ethnicity is utilised to interpret the world. In addition, compared to others, rural Tajikistani Uzbeks perceive that the boundary between Uzbeks and the titular groups is particularly permeable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nae Ionescu is one of the most influential and controversial Romanian thinkers. The present article explores a less used perspective in studying Nae Ionescu's philosophical, political and journalistic activity: the philosophical roots of his major political ideas. The anti-democratic position of Nae Ionescu was, theoretically explained, by the criticism to Rene Descartes and J.J. Rousseau's ideas. The individual is supposed to be an instrument of history and nation. Any individualizing tendency is allegedly a betrayal to the nation. Moreover, the leader has mystical prerogatives therefore the universal suffrage is not consistent. On its turn, the nation is not defined on the basis of the social contract. Nation is "a community of love and life", in Nae Ionescu's opinion. Nae Ionescu's beliefs largely influenced the right-wing Romanian ideology during the years between First and Second World Wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The findings presented here are based on ethnographic research and are concerned with subjective definitions of ethnic belonging of young Armenians in Krasnodar krai. It is demonstrated that Armenian ethnic identifications are not 'fixed' but rather entwined within a complex web of diverse cultural attachments, involving many 'routes' of translocation, dislocation and location. It was found that most of the research participants saw themselves as Armenian while drawing occasionally on cosmopolitanism as an identity resource. This enabled them to construct a sense of belonging both in terms of ethnicity and of multicultural location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fall of communism in late 1980s and the post-communist socio-economic and political transition determined a resurgence of Eastern European immigrants as a new phenomenon in United States. Examining Eastern European immigrants will increase the understanding of today's diverse immigrant population and their adaptation in the host society. Using the data from the 2002-2004 Annual Social and Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey, the purpose of this article is to facilitate an understanding of the characteristics of Eastern European immigration. Systematic research on Eastern European immigrants could increase the understanding of today's diverse immigrant population and their adaptation to the new society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oikos: Lithuanian Migration & Diaspora Studies is the property of Lithuanian Emigration Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides a brief overview of the history of Hungarian football from the beginning to the years of post-Communist transition. In relying on both sport and more general historical Hungarian and English sources, it explores the political, cultural and social conditions that have had an impact on the development of Hungarian football throughout its history. The chief aim of this article is to draw attention to those historical periods and aspects of Hungarian football, which have not been extensively researched. In doing this, the development of Hungarian football will be outlined and links made with broader historical and social processes. Also, an attempt will be made to explain the ways these processes shaped and used football for various political purposes, from as early as the turn of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To analyse the effects of a training programme on the motor performance of Romanian schoolchildren. Methods: A total of 178 boys (9.5±0.8 y, 34±9 kg, 137.6±8 cm) and 192 girls (9.6±0.4 y, 32.7±7.6 kg, 136.9±7.5 cm) were randomly selected for the training group (TG) ( n =198, 109 girls, 89 boys) and control group (CG) ( n =172, 83 girls, 89 boys). The TG completed a 6-mo extracurricular training programme (two 50-min sessions per week) involving moderate-intensity impact exercises. At baseline and at follow-up, the EUROFIT tests were administered, and body composition, skeletal maturation and BMI were calculated. Results: At baseline there were no differences in physical characteristics between TG and CG. With the exception of cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups improved motor performances at follow-up. However, for TG boys the improvement was greater than for CG boys in the plate-tapping (+37.2%), sit-up (+20.4%), standing broad-jump (+13%) and shuttle-run tests (+3.8%). TG girls improved more than CG girls only in the standing broad-jump (+18.8%) and shuttle-run (+8.5%) tests. Conclusion: Boys and girls in trained groups demonstrated greater increases in some tests of motor performance compared to their untrained peers. Two extra sessions of physical education per week were sufficient to elicit improvements in a number of components of motor fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the design and implementation of the first working master of public administration program in Russia. This program has been in existence at the Urals Academy of Public Administration (UAPA) in Yekaterinburg since 2001 and graduated its first class in 2003. The development of the program from 2001 through 2004 was aided by a U.S. State Department Newly Independent States Colleges and Universities Partnership Program (NISCUPP) grant. The article examines why public administration education is important to Russia and how UAPA is implementing innovative public administration education through its MPA program while also meeting the national standards for such education issued by the Russian Ministry of Education. At the current time, the Urals Academy is partnering with London Metropolitan University under a British government Russian-UK Partnerships in Higher Education (BRIDGE) grant to increase the number of students in the MPA program, to build faculty expertise further, and to prepare to meet the challenges of European integration as negotiated in the Bologna Process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For centuries social and cultural science studies have conceptualized migration as a one-directional move leaving the countly of origin behind. This article which is based on a two years ethnographical research project on migration strategies of young Slovakian women to Germany cannot only show that the new migration patters after the so-called fall of the Iron Curtain are much more of a mobile, temporary culture producing new transnational social figurations stretching at least over two different countries. The article shows as well how these women are positioning their migration strategies in the context of the transformation processes of their post-socialist country. Their practice of mobility and their reasoning of the transformation processes challenge not only the classical conceptualizations of migration but as well the hegemonic reading of the Eastern European transformation in social and cultural sciences. Their practices call for a gender sensible transnational anthropological perspective connecting both processes that of migration and the European transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the history of the Proto-Slavic name jûxa fish soup. Also known as vegetable soup and broth, the term was one of the first words to be picked up by the speakers of Germanic when they came into contact with the Slavs. It notes that the word for soup presents a problem that it can not be reconstructed in the form required by etymology, and appears only in some transcriptions from Ohrid, the least innovative of the transcriptions. It argues that the incomprehension of K betrays that the process of elimination was under way by the time of its writing.

In the current installment of the Ethnographic Atlas, we present formalized data (following Murdock's scheme) on seventeen peoples of the European part of the former Russian Empire and the Soviet Union not covered by any of the previous installments of the Ethnographic Atlas. Different peoples of the sample were integrated into Russia in different historical periods, from medieval (the Ingrians, Karelians, Veps, Votes) to early modern (the Besermyan, Bashkir, Chuvash, Kazan Tatar, Mordva, Udmurt) to modern (the Gagauz, Estonians, Lithuanian K araim and Tatar, Latvians, Livs, Moldovans). Some of them have always remained within Russia's borders (the Besermyan, Bashkir, Chuvash, Ingrians, Karelians, Kazan Tatar, Mordva, Udmurt, Veps, Votes), while others departed after the fall of the Russian Empire, during the 1920s and 1930s, and live outside of Russia today. After the break up of the USSR, there arose the independent republics of Estonia (the Estonians), Latvia (the Latvians and Livs), Lithuania (the Lithuanian Karaim and Tatar), and Moldova (the Gagauz and Moldovans) (Kizilov 1984; Tishkov 1998). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower Ordovician sequences of the Ebeta antiform, a southern extension of the Uraltau zone, were deposited at the conjugation of paleocontinental and paleoceanic sectors of the southern Urals. Four types of sections were formed on opposite sides of cordillera that existed at the margin of the East European paleocontinent on the Preordovician volcanic belt. Sections of the first three types made up the western apron on the uplift that served as a provenance. Lateral and vertical relationships of various sedimentary associations, as well as their variable (in space and time) facies patterns and sedimentation conditions are considered. An important role of redeposition, slumping, and faulting in the apron development has been revealed. The apron fringed the eastern wall of the Sakmara marginal riftogenic basin that arose at the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary. On another side of the marginal uplift in the east, a slightly modified perioceanic environment existed in the Early Ordovician. Sections of another type formed here at the periphery of Uralian paleocean. These sections are characterized by the universal occurrence of ophiolithoclastic olistostrome with fragments of an older oceanic crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a broader project investigating the security of borders. Its key hypothesis is that the way migrants get on in the host country influences whether borders divide or unite. In this context survey evidence covering 500 Albanians in Athens is presented to track processes of inegration and exclusion, to see in other words how perceptions of borders are reflected in social attitudes. The picture emerging is that of a vibrant community characterised by family success, coupled though with significant deficits in collective organisation. Thus the derived benefits for both hosts and migrants would have been greater if greater trust characterised their interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long considered an “index fossil” for the migration of the Slavs to Greece, “Slavic” bow fibulae have never been understood in relation to female dress. The “exotic” character of their decoration has encouraged speculations concerning the ethnic attribution of these artifacts, but no serious attempt has been made to analyze the archaeological contexts in which they were found. It is argued here that bow fibulae were more than just dress accessories, and that they may have been used for negotiating social power. The political and military situation of the early seventh century A.D. in the Balkans, marked by the collapse of the early Byzantine power in the region, may explain the need for new emblemic styles to represent group identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an investigation of the circumstances under which helping-at-the-nest might be advantageous in a Hungarian Gypsy population. Several topics are also discussed in the article, including the reasons for the Gypsies' practice of female-biased investment, the evaluation of the behavior of the Gypsies, and the assumptions and predictions on the helpers-at-the-nest hypothesis. It mentions that unlike from other Gypsies, Hungarian Gypsies live in small settled communities, some of which form isolated villages.

The "crisis" in Soviet ethnography has to do not so much with the social conditions under which it operates as with the discipline itself. Self-satisfaction and intellectual isolationism are as much manifestations of this crisis as methodological diktat and political control. A broad modem redefinition of the discipline might help it to overcome its unattractive image and low status and reduce the risk of its marginalization. Steps in this direction might include a "repatriation" of ethnography through new emphasis on prolonged fieldwork, with a broadening of scientific interests, methodology, and conceptions of the genre of ethnographic writing and a change in direction away from the structures of power towards dialogue with the object of study, an ethnography of the scientific community, and a new interpretation of ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Armenians residing in Jerusalem. The Old City of Jerusalem, which for millennia has attracted the attention of much of humanity, has naturally also been a favorite subject for scholarly work by historians, archaeologists, sociologists, students of religions, political scientists and others. Students of ethnic and residential communities have also found in the Old City a most interesting living laboratory, since the same things that have drawn the whole world's attention to the city have also attracted settlers from various geographical, cultural and religious backgrounds. Despite their ancient roots and impressive presence in the Old City, the Armenians are not a local group at all. Their region of origin and their native religious and cultural center are far away, near Mount Ararat in today's Turkish Eastern Anatolia and in Soviet Armenia. The Armenian community of Jerusalem has always been a diaspora; that is, an outpost distant from the area where the people's largest concentrations live and where the specific history and culture, which created the people's collective identity, were shaped.

This article focuses on the future of Czechs. Czechs have always been subjects of a larger multinational structure, he it the Roman, Habsburg, Nazi or Communist empires. The fact that they have always been subjugate meant that they never learned the art of self-rule. In 1918, Czechoslovakia's first president T.G. Masaryk said, that for democracy to take root, fifty years are needed. The turning inward of society further strengthened negative traits such as jealousy as well as the tendency to take criticism personally. As society imploded, an absence of national identity ensued, along with a twisting of national values.

This article focuses on the developments in Czech. It seems that opponents of Czech EU membership are more aware of future developments than its advocates. The political effects of integration are always at the top of their list. Many misunderstandings about the Union and the direction in which it's headed result from an ignorance of its history. This can be seen in the dispute which took place between two streams of pan-European thought: the federalists and the functionalists. By contrast, functionalists were aware of the huge power of nationalist emotions, which resist an association of states and nations and concluded that direct political integration was not feasible.