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A caste is one of the conventional four social strata into which Hindu society separates its members. The scriptures from ancient India make reference to it. The four classes are the Brahmins (priestly people), the Kshatriyas (rulers, administrators, and warriors; also known as Rajanyas), the Vaishyas (artisans, merchants, businessmen, and farmers), and the Shudras are the lowest of the caste system (laboring classes). However, an individual of the lowest class in traditional Indian society falls outside of the Hindu caste system and is subject to severe social restrictions. This commentary is divided into three parts; the first part highlights the caste system, the second part examines the constitutional and legislative safeguards for them, and the third part illustrates the current social disparity of Dalits in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work understands tourism as a communicative operation in which resorting to stories (factual or fictional) is part of the dynamics of social systems (Osorio, 2007; Vázquez et al., 2013). Based on this definition, this study investigated those stories that influence the configuration of Buenos Aires society. The purpose was to analyse and problematise the tourist narratives linked to the ethnic and social minorities that gave rise to Buenos Aires's identity profile (indigenous, African, enslaved, and gauchos), pointing out its scopes and consequences about the promotion of the city's tourist image. Methodologically, the article had a qualitative design with a theoretical approach. We reviewed secondary and tertiary sources and direct and participant observations. We conducted a comparative study between the elements described and the analysis of the current cultural offer on the Tourism Entity's website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This article identifies the profiles of candidates who are more likely to report acts of electoral violence during the 2022 legislative elections. To this end, we define the concept of electoral violence, review national and international literature on the phenomenon, and identify two relevant aspects as risk factors. First, we look at identity-related characteristics such as age, sex, and ethnic background of the candidates. Second, we explore characteristics related to their political standing, for example, identifying as a left-wing candidate. Methodology: To conduct the analysis, we used a survey of 512 candidates for legislative elections designed by the authors and implemented in collaboration with the Electoral Observation Mission (MOE). With this data, we performed linear regression models to identify the characteristics of candidates associated with different forms of electoral violence reported during the campaign. Conclusions: We found that identity factors, particularly being a young candidate, a woman, and from an area affected by the armed conflict, are associated with reporting acts of electoral violence. Surprisingly, we did not find a statistically significant association with candidates who identified themselves as left-wing, as claimed by national and international literature on the subject. This finding is preliminary because the sample has an underrepresentation of candidates from ideological extremes; therefore, this result should be explored more deeply in future research. Originality: Although studies on electoral violence are abundant, few focus on the candidates. This is the first time in Colombia that a survey has been conducted with candidates that investigates forms of electoral violence that go beyond physical violence, such as psychological, economic, and sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome is a gradual process that leads to catatonia and usually requires nasogastric feeding. This syndrome mainly affects asylum-seeking girls between 7 and 15 years of age from certain ethnic minorities and presents comorbidity with depressive episodes and posttraumatic stress disorder. The Pervasive Refusal Syndrome has a total recovery rate of 78%, partial of 16%, and a mortality of 1%, and sequelae take the form of retrograde amnesia, chronic anxiety or depression. Its therapeutic approach is double: systemic therapy complemented with integrative medicine and pharmacological treatment. The present theoretical review concludes the paucity of ongoing research on a syndrome that, paradoxically, is increasing worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetive: To analyze the normative and ethical aspects related to the inclusion of ethnic minorities in clinical trials in Latin America and the Caribbean. Material and Methods: The results of the ethical and normative analysis carried out by the group of researchers in bioethics of the Ethic Policy Forum are presented; forum for analysis, discussion and formulation of proposals in policies and regulations related to aspects of ethics in research in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, constituted by the "Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación" from Peru, the Universidad Católica Santa María de Arequipa, Peru and the International Network of Collective Health and Intercultural Health of the "Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México". Results: It is evident that ethnic minorities are not adequately represented in clinical trials in Latin America and the Caribbean and the regulations in this regard are not standardized, or do not exist in all the countries of the Region. Trials with ethnic minorities can have benefits but also potential risks and ethical conflicts, which require an adequate assessment of vulnerabilities, effective support in informed consent and the research process, by Research Ethics Committees trained in intercultural health and ethics of research with indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants. Conclusion: Clinical trials should include ethnic minorities, with potential benefit from research products. Research must be developed under ethical and regulatory principles that protect these minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the topic of rapidly developing non-fiction animations has significantly broadened and begins to involve the cultures or experiences of ethnic minorities. Merits of animation enables researchers and ethnic minorities to cooperate with each other to visualize non-written materials such as ethnic minority oral history and ancient folk songs via vivid animated images. However, different focuses of animations and the different actual situations of subjects make it necessary for researchers to consider how to apply appropriate artistic representation strategies and cooperative methods to displaying animation content in animation practice. This article analyses the different representation strategies in animated documentaries, the application methods of ethnic minority local artistic elements, and the cooperation mode in fieldwork, so as to improve the theoretical basis and practical system for ethnographic animation, and explore ethnographic animation as a new form of ethnographic documentary that can effectively convey true opinions of ethnic minorities while showing its cultural phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious changes are an unavoidable part of social life that follows the progression of social history. The religious lives of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands are changing in a variety of ways and at various levels. This article uses analytical and synthetic research methodologies to examine the following aspects of the ethnic minorities' religious lives in the Central Highlands: the significant shift from polytheism to monotheism and religious diversity; transformation of religious beliefs and practices; transformation of ecclesiastical institutions and communities in religions. Thereby, the face of beliefs and religious lives, as well as the impact of religious transformation on the lives of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam today has been clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article is aimed at analyzing some conditions of inequality of indigenous students in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in a state public university in Mexico. Some contextual data are presented in order to problematize these inequalities. From this, three analytical categories are constructed to understand the conditions of the students: general conditions, access conditions and subjective conditions. The data were obtained through a questionnaire answered by 104,141 students, 968 of whom defined themselves as belonging to an indigenous people. The study shows the profound inequalities affecting ethnic minorities entering higher education as students, inequalities that worsened during the period of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article reflects around the ethnically differentiated approach contained within the peace agreement between the Colombian State and the former guerrilla group FARC. We aim to identify the judicial effects of this notion and in which way its introduction in the peace agreement has brought greater protection for the indigenous people and other ethnic minorities. Given that the agreement recognizes that the judicial tool for the development of peace in the lands and territories of the ethnic minorities is the prior consultation, we also perform a preliminary analysis of the effects of this law proposal. We are currently discussing in the Legislative Power what this consultation might bring for the implementation of the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific article unveils a report on ethnic student groups (indigenous and Afro-descendants), present in the education system of Bogotá (Colombia), and specifically, in the José Félix Restrepo IED Technical College; in addition to analyzing the public policies and strategies that have been adopted for the attention of education to these school communities by the Ministry of Education of the Capital District and the institution in question. The theoretical perspective under which this inquiry is addressed is related to the group/network of nominated decolonial thinking, which aims to make a visibility of the processes that advance those communities, collectives and sectors that have traditionally been ignored by the knowledge, power and being of coloniality. The method is of a mixed nature, showing both statistical data from a social student survey of the institution escolars well as the documentary analysis to learn about the advances in ethnic inclusion that has been developed in the educational organizations of the Colombian capital. As a general conclusion, it can be established that in recent years the number of non-mestizo shears enrolled in the district education system (both in official and private schools), has increased significantly and, consequently, strategies for care for these communities have been managed, either from the differential or intersectional approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to China, economically, politically, and strategically, cannot be overstated. Covering 640,000 square miles, Uyghuristan is approximately the size of Iran. Located in the far west, it is Beijing's largest administrative unit encompassing one-sixth of China's territory. Due to an abundance of coal, natural gas, and oil, accounting for roughly a quarter of China's total reserves, Uyghuristan has been described as the country's "national energy strategy base." These energy resources have been indispensable to "growing" the Chinese economy and maintaining the Chinese Communist Party in power. Strategically, Uyghuristan is the vital link for the Chinese economy's increasing need for imported oil from Central Asia and, through the Pakistan pipeline corridor, the Persian Gulf. It is the key to the success of Beijing's ambitious "One Road, One Belt Initiative" to link the economies of Eurasia to China through infrastructure development. The most important strategic value of Uyghuristan, however, resides in its geography. Consisting mostly of mountains and deserts, the sheer vastness of this inhospitable land provides a natural barrier protecting "China Proper", the heavily populated lands in the east of the country lying between the Yellow River in the north and the Xi River in the south, from land invasions. For these reasons, China will not relinquish control over Uyghuristan, its resources or its people. The people are Uyghurs, a Turkic Muslim nation, who have been seeking their political independence for most of the Twentieth Century. The fall of the last imperial dynasty of China, the Qing, in 1911, was followed by the collapse of the Chinese state. In the ensuing political instability, the Uyghurs declared their independence as the East Turkestan Republic - twice. The first time was in 1933 and endured until suppressed by Nationalist Chinese forces under Chiang Kai-shek in 1934. A second East Turkestan Republic was established in 1944 and lasted until it was overthrown by Communist Chinese forces under Mao Zedong in 1949. Since the 1990s, Beijing has initiated measures to permanently secure Uyghuristan to China by colonizing the land with Chinese settlers. These policies have succeeded in reducing Uyghurs from a majority to a plurality. The objective appears to be to make Uyghurs a demographic minority in their own homeland. Chinese colonization has provoked riots by Uyghurs, ethnic clashes between Uyghurs and Chinese migrants, and repeated calls by Uyghurs for their right to self-determination. Beijing's response as reflected in its 2014 "strike hard campaign against terrorism, separatism, and religious extremism" has, itself, been extreme. In the words of a UN human rights panel, Uyghuristan now resembles a "massive internment camp that is shrouded in secrecy, a sort of 'no rights zone'...members of the Uyghur community and other Muslims were being treated as 'enemies of the state' solely on the basis of their ethno-religious identity." This article will examine these issues and the fundamental question they raise -- are Uyghurs victims of genocide as legally defined by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aula Abierta. Revista de Investigación, Formación e Innovación en Educación (RIFIE) is the property of Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: Colombia ha realizado esfuerzos relacionados con la obtención de alimentos inocuos desde la producción primaria‚ la resolución 067449 de 2020 establece los requisitos para certificación en Buenas Prácticas Ganaderas en producción de leche‚ sin embargo‚ actualmente existen menos de 1200 predios certificados en Colombia y ninguno en el Cesar. Objetivo: establecer el grado cumplimiento de Buenas Prácticas Ganaderas en pequeños productores de ganado doble propósito del corregimiento de Guacoche en Valledupar. Métodos: se tomó información en 14 producciones bovinas doble propósito‚ en Guacoche‚ Cesar‚ a través de una encuesta diseñada bajo los aspectos higiene del ordeño (AHO)‚ tanque de enfriamiento de leche (ATEL)‚ buenas prácticas para la alimentación animal (ABPAA)‚ bienestar animal (ABA) y personal (AP) y criterios fundamentales (CF)‚ mayores (CMy) y menores (CMn) asociados a la implementación de la resolución ICA 067449 de 2020. Se hizo análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva usando R Core Team (2017). Resultados: respecto al CF‚ en el AHO‚ un productor cumple con instalaciones de ordeño fijo y uno con equipos‚ elementos y utensilios de ordeño‚ para este mismo criterio en el ABPAA el porcentaje medio de cumplimiento es 54,8 ± 24,8 % y en el ABA es 100 %‚ sin embargo‚ en el AP solo en cuatro producciones cumplen con capacitación al personal. No obstante‚ para el CMy en el AHO solo un productor cumple con agua utilizada en rutina de ordeño‚ lavado de equipos de ordeño y tanque de enfriamiento‚ y otros dos con zona de espera‚ en el ABA el cumplimiento es 52,0 ± 19,9 %‚ mientras que en el ABPAA es 67,9 ± 24,9 %. Por otro lado‚ el AHO (instalaciones sanitarias) en el CMn un productor da cumplimiento‚ al igual que para el ABPAA (inventario de alimentos y materias primas)‚ sin embargo‚ para el AP (uso de implementos) es 0 %. Los ATEL no fueron evaluados. Conclusiones: la implementación de la resolución ICA 067449 de 2020 de pequeños productores de Guacoche es baja en los AHO y AP‚ mientras que para el caso del ABPAA es media y para el ABA es de media a alta. Los sistemas productivos evaluados no cuentan con tanque de enfriamiento de leche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the complexities of the help-seeking process of minoritized women (primarily asylum-seekers and immigrants) experiencing domestic violence in Northern Ireland. The term ‘minoritized’ is used here to emphasize that “minority” status is not a static or innate trait of certain groups but instead is the outcome of a process of being positioned as a minority. The paper addresses the intersections of ethnicity, nationality, class and gender and shows how state policies in relation to immigration and social security reinforce inequalities in gendered power relations. Despite attempts to improve the social security and immigration systems, the findings from a Northern Ireland study show how recent policy changes have not addressed the systemic institutional racism and institutionalised patriarchy in these agencies. Where avenues for action are undermined by such practices, the policies raise concerns about the safety and protection of minoritized women living in abusive relationships. We argue that the UK is failing to meet its human rights responsibilities to provide adequate support and assistance to minoritized women in abusive relationships and conclude that delivering state accountability alongside a human rights framework based on security, autonomy, liberty and equality is what is needed. Este artículo analiza las complejidades del proceso de búsqueda de ayuda en Irlanda del Norte para mujeres pertenecientes a minorías (principalmente solicitantes de asilo e inmigrantes) que sufren violencia doméstica. El término 'minoritarizadas' se utiliza aquí para hacer hincapié en que la situación de "minoría" no es un rasgo estático o innato de ciertos grupos, sino que es el resultado de un proceso de ser posicionado como una minoría. El artículo aborda las intersecciones de origen étnico, nacionalidad, clase y género y muestra cómo las políticas estatales en relación a la inmigración y la seguridad social refuerzan las desigualdades en las relaciones de poder desde una perspectiva de género. A pesar de los intentos de mejorar los sistemas de seguridad social e inmigración, los resultados de un estudio de Irlanda del Norte demuestran que los cambios políticos recientes no han abordado el racismo institucional sistémico y el patriarcado institucionalizado en estos organismos. Estas prácticas debilitan las vías de acción emprendidas, sin embargo, las políticas generan interés sobre la seguridad y protección de mujeres pertenecientes a minorías que sufren abusos en sus relaciones. Se sostiene que el Reino Unido no está cumpliendo su responsabilidad de defender los derechos humanos para proporcionar apoyo y asistencia adecuada a estas mujeres que sufren relaciones abusivas y se llega a la conclusión de que es necesario ofrecer una responsabilidad estatal dentro del marco de los derechos humanos, basado en la seguridad, autonomía, libertad e igualdad. DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2700201

The purpose of this research is to analyze the methods a group of African-Colombian teenage mothers use to raise and educate their children. The sample group lives in the District of Buenaventura-Colombia, and is considered to live under vulnerable conditions. The methodological approach was qualitative-descriptive, following the hermeneutical-interpretative paradigm. The sample was non-probabilistic, by choice. Seven teens, which became pregnant between the ages of 13 and 17, were interview for this purpose. The most significant finding suggests that the practice used the most by these mothers is the authoritarian type. Although, they alternated it with the democratic and permissive types too. It was found that for these moms it was extremely important the assistance and advice they received from family support teams in order to fulfil their role as new parents. In consequence, it is advised to create new strategies and support groups that will facilitate the child raising practices of teenage families in this region, according to their cultural background and context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in international adoptions of minors (quiet migration) all over Spain has coincided in time with the rise of immigration. The links between these two phenomena give rise to a hybrid line of research focused on the racial experiences shared by both the adopted population and the immigrant population. A comparative analysis of data coming from three public opinion research sources reveals: (a) the presence of "racism without race" within Spanish society, even though phenotypic differences play a determining role in the social construction of race; and (b) a low "racial awareness" amongst interracial adoptive parents, which leads them to reproduce the ideology of "color-blind racism.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo analiza la génesis y la evolución de las iniciativas públicas llevadas a cabo, en materia de comunicación, para proteger los derechos de la población inmigrante residente en España; prestando una atención especial al colectivo marroquí y limitando el periodo estudiado a los últimos treinta años. El análisis se aborda desde un enfoque histórico- sociológico, y a partir de los testimonios obtenidos en entrevistas semi-directivas realizadas con periodistas y responsables políticos que participaron en la creación y el desarrollo de las iniciativas pioneras. Los resultados ponen en evidencia no sólo el desajuste existente entre las medidas y acciones llevadas a cabo a nivel estatal y aquellas impulsadas a nivel autonómico (en particular, en Cataluña), sino también la influencia de los intereses del mercado y las políticas de inmigración.

In 2004, the Ministry of Education, National Development and Reform Commission, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly released a special document On Training High-Caliber Backbone Personnel from the Ethnic Minorities, as a supporting measure for the strategy of human resources in western development of China. The central government takes it as an important force in thriving and developing the western region, especially the region where ethnic minority groups reside in the west. However, more and more graduates through the Program have breached or intend to break the contract of the Program. Why do they not abide by the contract and return to their hometown province for the work after they have enjoyed the preferential Program? This case study focused on three graduates who broke the employment contract through the Program, traced the origin and development of their minds and action, and demonstrated more about what hid behind the phenomenon. According to the deep interaction with these ethnic minority students, the research found that the social background under which high education policies for the ethnic minorities had greatly changed. The changes have challenged the implementation of the Program. Furthermore, under the socialistic market economy system, the employment contract of the Program couldn’t be processed and secured as the involved actors have expected. Last but not the least, the graduates benefited from the Program have become more and more individualistic and diversified in their career development due to different micro and macro reasons.En el año 2004 y de manera conjunta, el Ministerio de Educación, la Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo y las Reformas, la Comisión Estatal de Asuntos Étnicos, el Ministerio de Economía, el Ministerio de Recursos Humanos y la Seguridad Social, publicaron una normativa especial para la Formación de Alto Nivel de Personal Backbone entre las Minorías Étnicas, como medida de apoyo a la estrategia de recursos humanos para el desarrollo de la zona occidental de China. El gobierno central considera un elemento clave el desarrollo de la región occidental, especialmente allí donde residen los grupos minoritarios. Sin embargo, cada vez más graduados universitarios que pasaron por el Programa han intentado pasar por encima o romper el contrato suscrito en él. ¿Por qué no cumplen con el contrato y regresan a sus provincias de origen para trabajar tras haber disfrutado de los beneficios que les brinda el Programa? Este estudio de casos se centra en tres estudiantes de grado que rompieron el contrato de trabajo suscrito dentro del Programa, se establecen el origen y evolución de sus pensamientos y acciones, y se avanza en el conocimiento de lo que hay detrás de este fenómeno. A través de una interacción profunda con estos estudiantes que pertenecen a alguna minoría étnica, la investigación ha determinado que las motivaciones sociales de las políticas educativas para grupos étnicos minoritarios han cambiado mucho. Los cambios han desafiado la implementación del Programa. Además, bajo el sistema económico de mercado socialista, el contrato de empleo del Programa no podría desarrollarse ni asegurarse en el sentido en que sus actores lo preveían. Por último, los graduados universitarios que se beneficiaron de este Programa, son cada vez más individualistas y presentan una mayor diversidad en su desarrollo profesional como consecuencia de razones de tipo micro y macro.

The study aimed to compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients with schizophrenia belonging to the Aymara ethnic group from the Central- Southern Andes, with Non-Aymara patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in three mental health clinics in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia. The data included sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and the QoL was assessed using the S-QoL18. Comparative analyses explored QoL differences between Aymara and Non-Aymara patients. Two hundred and fifty-three patients participated. Aymara had lower QoL scores compared to Non-Aymara patients, for total Index, family relationships, and sentimental life dimensions. Monthly family incomes and disorder duration were significantly lower for Aymara patients. Our study supported the hypothesis of poor QoL in Aymara patients with schizophrenia, after considering other socio-demographic and clinical variables such as the attitude to medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada is a multicultural medley, and this mixing of races, histories and cultures is revealed in literature, but even more in the literatures of ethnic minorities, among which stands out the Chinese Canadian one. Their literary products mirror the cultural hybridism of its community and history is the central theme of its creations. It is noticeable how most of Chinese Canadian writers start from the perspective of the reflex of its historical cultural identity and use all the necessary resources and strategies to show it. The main objective of this research is to do a literary discourse analysis that shows how Chinese Canadian historical cultural identity is reflected in SKY Lee's novel Disappearing Moon Cafe through the stylistic device allusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to examine the treatment of gypsies in the Spanish press during their expulsion from Italy and France in 2008 and 2010, under the governments of Sarkozy and Berlusconi, because Spain was considered a potential receiving territory of this migrant minority. For the study, the newspapers El país, ABC, and La vanguardia were selected. The interest in this case is that it can be considered an antecedent to the tensions that the arrival of refugees in recent years have generated. The methods used were the quantitative analysis of the linguistic corpus in 474 texts and a critical analysis of the discourse in a selection of the sample. The results show an association of the migrant minority with controversy and marginalization, and that the treatment moves away from the guidelines drawn by the style books of the newspapers taken into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyzes the cognitive representations of ethnic minorities in a sample of Spanish undergraduate students. As a general hypothesis it was predicted that perceived differences in social status shape these representations and expectations for contact. In consecutive group interviews, participants were quizzed about their knowledge, experiences and expectations associated with social interactions with people belonging to ethnic minority groups. The information obtained from the participants was analyzed by using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques in order to discover underlying dimensions in their responses. The results confirmed our prediction by displaying different associations between different types of contact (e.g., positive, negative) and the representations of minorities according to their position in the perceived social hierarchy. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential implications for contact interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the new forms of youth disaffiliation (Castel, 1995), taking a deprived urban area of Madrid as a case study. Through an ethnographic methodology, this study examines the role (positive or negative) played by intermediate structures (the family, the ethic community and the associations) in the social integration of youth from Moroccan, Dominican and Ecuadorian origin. As the sociology of education (Bourdieu, 1970) has been demonstrated, I describe the fundamental role of the family in the process of reintegration. In the other hand, the research shows the double effects of the ethnic networks in youth integration and demonstrates the crucial role of local associations. These organizations, beneficiary from the social mobilization in the 70s, have the capacity to offer new ways of integration, through an effective collaboration between the administrations, the families and the ethnic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study refers to the religious reform in the Church of Spain at the end of the fifteenth century. It presents Isabella, the Catholic, as an advocate and a supporter of this religious reform, instituted together with the global project of the Catholic Kings of creating and forging a new modern state reigning in peace and justice. This religious reform took into account all social classes and peoples of the Hispanic kingdoms, including the Jewish converts and the expulsion of Muslims and Jews. The Queen, known as Isabella the Catholic, was so committed to the Castilian religious project that she spent half of her life to guide the church in this ecclesiastical work. To comprehend better this complicated and encompassing study, it is divided into two parts. The first part contains the reforms of the bishops, of the secular clergy, of the Christian people, of the religious and nuns, and the second part is all about the ethnic minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants and ethnic minorities have been identified as vulnerable groups in health, in general, and in what concerns therapeutic non-adherence (TA) in particular; i.e., (not)following health-care providers' therapeutic recommendations. The general aim of this paper is presenting a literature review of immigrants'/ethnic minorities' TA determinants. We will start by highlighting the reasons as to why immigrants'/ethnic minorities' therapeutic (non)adherence should be a topic of concern. Then, we will present a review of the main determinants of immigrants'/ethnic minorities' TA, at different levels of analysis (e.g., broad structural level; social and community networks; material and social conditions) and emphasize that non-adherence among immigrants/ethnic minorities is mostly non-intentional, seeing as how it is associated with issues such as: low socio-economic conditions, language barriers and cultural mismatches. Finally, we will highlight the role of health-care providers in tackling this health-related problem and reflect about the importance of promoting development and training of health-care providers' multicultural abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Derecho del Estado is the property of Universidad Externado de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses the genesis and the evolution of the public initiatives carried out, in the field of communication, in order to protect the rights of immigrant population in Spain; paying a special attention to the Moroccan group and limiting the period analysed to the last thirty years. The approach is done from an historical and sociological perspective, and since the testimonies obtained in semi-directive interviews carried out with journalists and politicians who have participated in the creation and development of the pioneer initiatives. The results demonstrate not only the imbalance between the actions performed at the national level and those promoted at the regional level (in particular in Catalonia), but also the influence of the interests of the market and the immigration policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]