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This study examined the everyday experiences of racism among Chinese immigrants in Canada. Data came from nine virtual focus groups comprising 48 participants of diverse genders and ages taking place in December 2021 and January 2022. We conducted our qualitative analysis by drawing on Essed's conceptualization of everyday racism and Crenshaw's conceptualization of intersectionality. Thematic and content analysis showed that racism against Chinese immigrants is more pervasive than previously recognized. Three-quarters of the participants disclosed instances of racism across various settings, including workplaces, schools, shops, airports, banks, hotels, restaurants, streets, and online. Some gender and age groups reported more incidents than others. Young men, on average, encountered the greatest number, followed by young and middle-aged women, while older men reported the fewest. Types of racist incidents also varied by age and gender. Young and middle-aged women encountered unsolicited intimate remarks and racism related to gender division of labour, while older adults, both men and women, faced racism associated with service provision. Younger men reported online racism. Some older participants remained unaware of the racist nature of their encounters, and middle-aged and older men tended to deny having experienced racist encounters. Given these findings, we suggest the need to raise awareness, establish empowerment initiatives, and adopt intersectionality approaches to address and combat racism against Chinese immigrants in Canada. Keywords: Racism, intersectionality, Chinese immigrant, Canada. Cette etude porte sur les experiences quotidiennes du racisme chez les immigrants chinois au Canada. Les donnees proviennent de neuf groupes de discussion virtuels composes de 48 participants de sexe et d'age divers, qui ont eu lieu en decembre 2021 et en janvier 2022. Nous avons mene notre analyse qualitative en nous inspirant de la conceptualisation du racisme quotidien d'Essed et de la conceptualisation de l'intersectionnalite de Crenshaw. L'analyse thematique et l'analyse de contenu ont montre que le racisme a l'egard des immigrants chinois est plus repandu qu'on ne le pensait. Les trois quarts des participants ont revele des cas de racisme dans divers contextes, notamment sur les lieux de travail, dans les ecoles, les magasins, les aeroports, les banques, les h tels, les restaurants, les rues et en virtuel. Certains groupes de genre et d'age ont signale plus d'incidents que d'autres. Les jeunes hommes, en moyenne, en ont subi le plus grand nombre, suivis par les jeunes femmes et les femmes d'age moyen, tandis que les hommes plus ages en ont signale le moins. Les types d'incidents racistes varient egalement en fonction de l'age et du genre. Les jeunes femmes et d'age moyen ont ete confrontees a des remarques intimes indecentes et a du racisme lie a l'inegalite du travail entre les sexes, tandis que les adultes plus ages, hommes et femmes, ont ete confrontes a du racisme lie a la prestation de services. Les jeunes hommes ont fait etat de racisme virtuel. Certains participants plus ages n'etaient pas conscients de la nature raciste de leurs rencontres, et les hommes d'age moyen et plus ages avaient tendance a nier avoir vecu des rencontres racistes. Compte tenu de ces resultats, nous postulons qu'il est necessaire de sensibiliser, de mettre en place des initiatives d'autonomisation et d'adopter des approches inter-sectionnelles pour aborder et combattre le racisme a l'egard des immigrants chinois au Canada. Mots-cles: Racisme, intersectionnalite, immigrant chinois, Canada., INTRODUCTION Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a prevailing belief in North America that certain Asian groups, notably the Chinese, had evolved into 'model minorities' or 'superior ethnic groups' [...]

Canada and the United States have long histories of racism that permeate every institution and structure in our societies. While anti-racism movements have gained strength in recent years, we know very little about current rates of discrimination in the two countries or the impact on communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Informed by critical race feminist theory, this paper examines levels of discrimination experienced by survey participants from Canada and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic with a cross-sectional survey conducted during October 2021. We then assessed the broader impact of experiencing discrimination on depressive symptoms using logistic regression analysis. In both Canada and the US, multivariate logistic regression maintained that experiencing discrimination resulted in higher probabilities of reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Other important factors included age, financial insecurity, and comorbid health conditions. Overall findings suggest that Indigenous, Black, and other racialized communities who experienced discrimination reported higher rates of depressive symptoms despite controlling for other factors. From a comparative perspective, discrimination rates were similar in Canada and the US, and had similar proportions across racial/ethnic groups. Discrimination rates did not vary significantly by gender, nor was gender a statistically significant risk factor for depressive symptoms. Further research, including qualitative studies, could fully assess the impact of gender on experiences of racism and depressive symptoms during the pandemic. The paper concludes with policy and public education suggestions to combat racial discrimination and highlights the need for added government action during times of crises. Keywords: COVID-19, racism, discrimination, mental health, Indigenous Peoples, newcomers, racialized persons, critical race feminism. Le Canada et les Etats-Unis ont une longue histoire de racisme qui se retrouve dans toutes les institutions et structures de nos societes. Bien que les mouvements antiracistes aient gagne en force ces dernieres annees, nous savons tres peu de choses sur les taux actuels de discrimination dans les deux pays ou sur l'impact sur les communautes pendant la pandemie de COVID-19. S'inspirant de la theorie feministe du racisme critique, cet article examine les niveaux de discrimination subis par les participants du Canada and des Etats-Unis pendant la pandemie de COVID-19, a l'aide d'une enquete transversale menee en Octobre 2021. Nous avons ensuite evalue l'impact plus large de l'experience de la discrimination sur les symptomes depressifs en utilisant une analyse de regression logistique. Au Canada comme aux Etats-Unis, la regression logistique multivariee a continue que le tait d'avoir ete victime de discrimination entratnait une probabilite plus elevee de signaler des symptomes depressits moderes ou graves. Les autres tacteurs importants etaient l'age, l'insecurite tinanciere et la comorbidite. Les resultats globaux suggerent que les communautes indigenes, noires et autres communautes racialisees ayant ete victimes de discrimination presentent des taux plus eleves de symptomes depressits, malgre la prise en compte d'autres tacteurs. D'un point de vue comparatit, les taux de discrimination etaient similaires au Canada et aux Etats-Unis, et presentaient des proportions similaires dans tous les groupes raciaux/ethniques. Les taux de discrimination ne varient pas de maniere signiticative en tonction du sexe, et le sexe n'est pas un tacteur de risque statistiquement signiticatit pour les symptomes depressits. D'autres recherches, notamment des etudes qualitatives, pourraient permettre d'evaluer pleinement l'impact du sexe sur les experiences de racisme et les symptomes depressits pendant la pandemie. L'article se termine par des suggestions de politiques et d'education du public pour lutter contre la discrimination raciale et souligne la necessite d'une action gouvernementale supplementaire en periode de crise. Mots-cles : COVID-19, racisme, discrimination, sante mentale, peuples autochtones, nouveaux arrivants, personnes racialisees, theorie critique de la race et teminisme., INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic intensified racial discrimination against Black, Indigenous, and other racialized communities in many places around the world (Beers et al. 2021; Lee and Johnstone 2021; Mensah and [...]

This article develops an analytical overview of the development of the Chinese community in Saskatoon based on community-based research. The research involves analysis of two types of data: published statistics and literature, as well as first-hand semi-structured interview data. The discussion mainly explores four aspects of the Chinese community in Saskatoon: the early institutional discrimination and racism experienced by the Chinese community in Saskatoon; the changing demographic trends of the community intertwined with the changes in immigration policy in Canada; the increasing diversity of the community in terms of socioeconomic background; and the development of Chinese organizations in Saskatoon. It is concluded that a special structure and culture have developed in this Chinese community which distinguish it from the ones in larger metropolitan areas and shape a unique identity of the Saskatoon Chinese. Keywords: Chinese immigrant, Canada, Saskatoon, community, ethnic organization Cet article developpe un apercu analytique du developpement de la communaute chinoise a Saskatoon sur la base des recherches communautaires. La recherche implique I'analyse de deux types de donnees : les statistiques et les litteratures publiees ainsi que les donnees des entrevues semi-structurees de premiere main. L'analyse explore principalement quatre aspects de la communaute chinoise a Saskatoon : la discrimination institutionnelle precoce et le racisme vecus par la communaute chinoise a Saskatoon ; les tendances demographiques changeantes de la communaute entrelacee avec les changements dans la politique d'immigration au Canada ; la diversite croissante de la communaute en termes de contexte socio-economique ; et le developpement des organisations chinoises a Saskatoon. II est conclu que la structure et la culture speciales qui se sont developpees au sein de cette communaute chinoise la distingue des grandes regions metro-politaines et constitue une identite unique des Chinois de Saskatoon. Mots cles : Immigrants chinois, Canada, Saskatoon, communaute, organisation ethnique, INTRODUCTION The history of Chinese immigration to Canada started when the first group of Chinese labourers arrived in the West Coast and joined the workers building the Pacific Railway. Initially [...]

The study examined obstacles faced by Caribbean immigrants in the Toronto labour market. In-depth interviews examined their lived labour market experiences, focusing on strategies adopted to find jobs and obstacles faced, highlighting the relevance of social capital--in this study defined as access to social networks. Respondents were generally frustrated with conventional methods of job search and many felt that they had experienced labour market discrimination. The use of social networks was by far the most successful job search strategy reported and several participants believed that the only way to secure employment in Toronto was through a referral. Keywords: Race discrimination, gender-based discrimination, immigration policy, social capital, labour market Cette etude se penche sur les difficultes qui confrontent les immigrants des Caraibes sur le marche du travail de Toronto. Des entrevues en profondeur, portant sur leurs experiences vecues face a ce marche, se concentrent sur les strategies utilisees dans leur recherche d'emploi et sur les obstacles rencontres, tout en soulignant l'importance que jouent leurs ressources sociales, definies par cette etude comme etant leur acces aux reseaux sociaux. En general, les participants rapportent eprouver de la frustration, s'ils utilisaient les methodes conventionnelles de recherche d'emploi; plusieurs expriment se sentir victimes de discrimination dans le milieu du marche du travail. Leur recours aux reseaux sociaux se revela etre de loin le meilleur moyen de succes parmi leurs strategies de recherche d'emploi. Certains participants croient que leur seule chance de trouver un emploi a Toronto est d'etre referes, ou introduits, a des employeurs eux-memes recommandes. Mots cles: Discrimination raciale, discrimination fondee sur le genre, la politique d'immigration, capital social, marche du travail, INTRODUCTION This paper draws from a doctoral dissertation that examined factors beyond human capital that influenced labour market outcomes for immigrants to Toronto from Jamaica, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago. [...]

Abstract Black/White romance has become increasingly commonplace in the United States in recent years. Primetime television shows and movies frequently present as unremarkable the love affairs between Black men and [...]

Many people have commented that with the election of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States, this is a wonderful time to be a historian or other [...]

THIS IS A WORLD OF CONTRASTS, among and between people. It is a world of variation, often in our own backyards. Fittingly, then, my life, like that of many others, [...]

This paper examines inequalities between white and black and brown populations in Brazil within occupations that require university degree. The main result confirms that once reached the university degree, blacks/brown usually obtain smaller but comparable income to that of whites. Although some racial discrimination in labor market may exist, such result corroborates other studies that identify schooling differentials as the main reason for the high income inequality found in Brazil. Keywords Labor market. Social inequalities- Racial inequalities. Labor discrimination. Inequalities in Brazil

Race and sex differentials in labor market outcomes in Brazil appear substantial, phenomena often tied to occupational segregation. This paper presents an array of Duncan indices of dissimilarity to investigate the magnitude and contours of occupational differentiation in Brazil, as well as changes in the recent past, constructed from Pesquisa Nacional pot Amostra de Domicilios (PNAD) microdata for 1989 and 2001. Findings include the facts that measurable occupational differentation by sex is over twice as high as that by race and that differentiation on both counts is highest among people 35 and older and outside the Northeastern region. Occupational differentiation by race appears comparable among women and men, but may be higher among women if accurately measured. Racial differentiation grows with education, while sexual segregation declines. Differentiation has declined modestly since 1989 in almost all categories except by race among younger people, men and the most educated. Keywords Occupational segregation. Race- Ethnicity. Sex. Brazil-Labor markets. Discrimination

This article describes the meaning of the African American female social work educator's experience in predominantly white educational settings. The experiences and special challenges of African American women in these settings are the focus of attention and are discussed from the framework of Kanter's theory of proportional representation (Kanter, Men and women of the corporation, New York, NY: Basic Books, 1993). The tenets of Relational/Cultural theory are applied to illustrate the importance of interpersonal connections in the social work academic environment as well as to provide a framework for the emotional, psychological, social and spiritual consequences of their experiences. Implications for institutional change as well as recommendations are provided to address the interpersonal challenges that African American female social work educators face. Keywords African american female social work educators * Kanter's theory of proportional representation * Relational cultural theroy

This paper examines the challenges that African Americans face teaching predominantly white classes at the tertiary level, and argues that these challenges can be resolved by establishing strong ties between students and teachers. While it is largely black faculty who incur the costs of this relationship building, the paper notes that they probably are not the only beneficiaries. White students are likely to benefit as well, as is society at large. The paper's analysis suggests that black faculty face work that is outside the scope of what white faculty must do. Such work can be viewed as another dimension of the burden of delivering a 'hidden curriculum' for their predominately white institutions of employment (Brayboy, Journal of Black Studies 34: 72-86, 2003). Keywords Teaching * Higher education * African Americans

The presence of African American women at predominantly white institutions is one of historical relevance and continues to be one of first, near misses, and almosts. Individually and collectively, African American women at PWIs suffer from a form of race fatigue as a result of being over extended and undervalued. The purpose of this article is to present the disproportionate role African American women assume in service, teaching, and research as a result of being in the numerical minority at PWIs. Information is presented to provide an overview on racism in the academy, images and portrayals, psychosocial, spiritual, and legal issues for African American women faculty. Finally recommendations are presented to assist African American women faculty, and administrators, colleagues, and students at PWIs to understand and improve the climate at their institutions. Keywords African Americans * Women * Faculty * Academe * Black women faculty * African American women faculty at PWIs

African American faculty constitute a small number of faculty members who teach at predominantly White colleges and universities. Although their presence within these institutions is beneficial for a number of reasons, they often face many challenges on various levels. In this paper the authors address the physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, social and legal concerns faced by African American faculty who teach at majority institutions. Recommendations for thriving in these environments are given. Keywords Racism in academia * Racial isolation * Discrimination

This article argues that Black autobiographers emphasize group consciousness in their narratives because of their common experience of unmitigated sufferings and psychological traumas occasioned by racial oppression, racism and exploitation. The commonality of Black experience manifested itself most importantly in the European and Arabic slave trades, slavery, oppression as well as in White colonization of Africa. Keywords Group consciousness * Black * Autobiographical narratives

Racial discrimination in the US appears to relate to poor mental health amongst African Americans but little research was done to identify the mechanisms through which social support operates in its context. Three competing models of social support were tested to understand the connection between racial discrimination, social support, and psychological adjustment.

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the influence of socially held stereotypes with the presence of discrimination in intercollegiate athletics by investigating whether sport-related racial stereotypes influenced promotability ratings of applicants differing by race and qualification levels. This was achieved by way of an experiment with undergraduate students. Results demonstrated that White raters relied on sport-related and racial stereotypes when evaluating and selecting the most promotable applicant for a head coaching position. Findings have important implications for practices within sport organizations as a disproportionate number of decision-makers are White and therefore may also make personnel decisions based on such beliefs.

This qualitative phenomenological study explores perceived discrimination among African American women and men living in Topeka, Kansas. Focus groups and in-depth interviews with 15 African American women and men examined their experiences with perceived discrimination. The theoretical framework guiding this study is predicated under the assumption of symbolic racism. Four major themes emerged during data analysis (1) shopping experiences, (2) law enforcement contact, (3) employment, and (4) Black in Topeka. The essential, invariant structure of discrimination as experienced by African Americans was identified as fear, frustration, depression, and anger. The research paints a portrait of the everyday struggles that participants experience in this community due to discrimination.

African Americans have engaged in an ongoing struggle for liberation from slavery, discrimination and racial oppression for which they have used violence as a tactic or strategy. Violent revolt is understood as a means to achieve the goals of retribution and vengeance, as well as a way to force the oppressor to respect Black humanity.

Discriminatory experiences have been found to be related to poor mental health outcomes and negative life chances among marginalized communities in the United States. However, little is known about the impact of perceived discrimination on the Latino population. The present article reviews and critiques existing empirical evidence linking perceived discrimination to life chances and mental health outcomes among Latinos. The gaps in the literature reveal that most of the discrimination research was conducted in the 1980s and early 1990s, focused on Mexicans, and excluded other Latino/Hispanic populations, such as Dominicans and Puerto Ricans. The findings of this study will help to inform the understanding of the discriminatory experiences of Latinos in the United States. Keywords: perceived discrimination; mental health outcomes; skin color; phenotype; life chances; Latinos

Like many large cities pursuing preferential procurement programs, the City of Chicago was sued by an association of local contractors and tried in court for discriminating against white males in construction. Unlike many large cities, Chicago prevailed in court: the City defeated the legal challenge. This study examines the Chicago-area construction industry, the expanding role of minorities in that industry, and some of the conditions that allowed the City to triumph in federal court when preferential procurement was challenged. The discriminatory nature of the local industry is documented. Also documented is the extraordinary expansion of minority--particularly Hispanic--presence in Chicago construction. White male dominance appears to be vulnerable to challenge in this traditional bastion of the entrenched old-boy network. JEL CODES: J15, J71, L74

In this study we draw upon data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen, a representative survey of nearly 4,000 men and women entering college in the autumn of 1999, to consider the effects of housing and school segregation during childhood on academic performance in college. We show that black and Latino college students, even those enrolled in the nation's most selective academic institutions, display large differences in background and experiences that are strongly conditioned by racial segregation. Those coming of age in a segregated environment were less prepared academically and socially for college life, and were more exposed to violence and social disorder while growing up. After documenting these differences, we estimate regression models to predict academic performance as a function of the minority composition of the neighbourhoods and schools where respondents lived ages 6-18, controlling for a variety of individual and family characteristics as well as the correlates of segregation. Keywords: Segregation; higher education; minority students; academic performance.

An evaluation of television's depiction of Latina women is presented, focusing on television's one-sided representation of Latinas as domestic workers. Issues include television's portrayals of Latinas' illegal immigration to the US, work in domestic employment, and inability to speak comprehendible English.

The public's perception of racism has degenerated since the triumph of the civil rights movement during the 1960s. Some people have equated non-racism to the absence of color-consciousness, while others view racism as a mechanism of authority, in which whites are branded racists because they assume power. As racism develops and thus becomes more difficult to fully comprehend, people should never cease to work towards its complete eradication.

The race-related factors of racial context, racial discrimination and having White friends and their impact on satisfaction with life are analyzed. Results revealed that racial discrimination negatively affects life satisfaction for African Americans while White racial contexts and having White friends contribute to their life satisfaction. African Americans who are going through some form of discrimination possess lower levels of life satisfaction.

Racism in the United States has assumed critical proportions as official focus shifts from civil rights to affirmative action. The persistence of intentional racial discrimination in the US supports demands for the retention of the civil rights regime. Findings showing racial favoritism in official programs negate the very idea of social justice based on racial recompense. Targeted affirmative action is still needed to help in overcoming the glass ceiling in managerial jobs and increasing minority representation.

The human rights of national minorities are consistently violated in a multi-national state that is governed by a democracy favoring the majority. Majority democracy often leads to the domination and exploitation of the national minorities, particularly in a society where enslavement and racial domination were once accepted practices. International institutions use the concept of affirmative action and non-discrimination to help in resolving conflicts concerning the rights of minorities. However, these concepts need to be properly interpreted and implemented in order to be effective.

Although we all know that democracies can wither and die the temptation is strong to see democratization as a broad, inexorable process which swells to establish ever greater rights and [...]

Racial segregation in Southwest Conference Football led to the African American players getting less opportunity than the whites. The institutional discrimination and the racial division in collegiate football resulted in two major policy implications, racial quota system and reduction of racial competition on football squads.

Ethnic discrimination is widespread in the European Community [EC] and is particularly practised against visible minorities. It operates at national borders and with member states and ranges from racist immigration legislation, through institutionalized discrimination, to physical assaults and murders. The completion of the single internal market in January 1993 stressed financial and trade factors at the expense of human rights. This encouraged the development of policies that impact adversely on people of ethnic minority status, particularly those who are black, whether EC citizens or third-country nationals. The Maastricht Treaty of December 1991 on economic and monetary union [EMU] establishes deflation as a continent-wide project. This will result in diminished growth and high unemployment, as well as in significant cuts in social welfare provision. Under the terms of the Maastricht Treaty, individual member states are prohibited from implementing policies that could counter the adverse effects of deflation. This could result in a level of voter dissatisfaction, leading to support for extreme-right political parties proposing more radical measures than mainstream parties. This article analyses the relationship between EC electoral support for such parties and high unemployment and discusses the potential exacerbation of racism that could result from the economic consequences of the Maastricht Treaty.

Although World War II was perceived as a race war, historical attention has almost exclusively been focused upon the Axis powers' racial conceptualizations. Little scholarly research has been directed towards investigating the Allies' internal racial attitudes and policies. Building upon long-standing formulations that emerged from the process of colonial conquest, the rhetoric of racism in Australia was recast and expanded in order to address the unprecedented crisis of the war in the Pacific. Aboriginal people were thus portrayed as potential collaborators who would aid the invading Japanese; enemy aliens, most particularly the Italians, the Japanese and the Germans become sinister fifth columnists. Lastly, the introduction of large numbers of black GIs among the American forces challenged notions of racial and sexual purity. Australians were ultimately fighting to preserve a white British-derived nation. The 'race war' on the Pacific frontline intensified racial awareness and allowed hysterical overreaction that had tragic consequences for its victims.

Multiculturalism reinforces rigid racial attitudes, and its ability to confront racial discrimination is questionable. Multicultural education cannot ensure racial equality and cannot confer equal opportunities to all. Discarding of racial identities is undesirable, but multiculturalism ignores the differences and affinities among the races.

This article offers a historical analysis of the racial repression experienced by people of Mexican origin in the U.S. legal system from 1848 to 1947. Using records of court cases and citizenship legislation, it demonstrates that from the 19th to the mid-20th century federal and state racial laws accorded particular legal statuses to Mexicans on the basis of their racial appearance, and it concludes that Mexicans of predominantly Indian descent were more severely discriminated against than Mexicans who were classified as white. [racism, segregation, Chicanos, American Indians, Mexican origin, race, prejudice, citizenship]

The Malays, the indigenous people of Malaysia, were faced with historical socio-economic disadvantages vis-a-vis the immigrant communities. As such, the government instituted various measures to reconstruct society on the principle of protective discrimination. State-directed efforts to implant educational, commercial, and administrative traditions among the Malays assisted them to gradually overcome their disadvantages.

Malcolm X's rhetorics on the racial discrimination that prevailed in the US failed to produce a concrete program ofpolitical action that would have changed the country's social structure. He mayhave been persuasive and discerning in his discussion of the problem but he never mentioned any possible solution. He did not consider the social change that electoral politics can bring. However, it is worth noting that he never advocated the use of violence in his relentless struggle for racial equality.

The Korean-black conflict in the black community in Philadelphia, PA, where Korean merchants are actively engaged in small businesses, is examined on the basis of interviews with community leaders and merchants and data from secondary sources. Manifest sources of conflict between these two minority groups stemming from cultural misunderstanding, communication problems, economic competition, and structural changes due to the settlement of a large number of Koreans in the black community are explored, and deeper sources are examined, originating from a historical prejudice on the part of Koreans; Koreans' status anxiety arising from incongruence between their previous status and their current one; Blacks' experience with non-black shop owners or exploiters in the past; and Blacks' feeling of powerlessness in stopping the influx of both whites and Asian groups into their community. All these sources of conflict may have developed independently before Koreans and Blacks came into contact, and their resolution thus requires an understanding of deeply rooted sources of conflict that include not only those caused by structural change but also those resulting from historical and psychological dimensions of intergroup relations.

Recent work by labor economists has suggested that differential labor market treatment of minorities (e.g., occupational segregation) may vary across local labor markets. This study assesses whether changing economic conditions in a local labor market affects the degree of occupational segregation by race and gender in the United States. Our empirical analysis finds evidence that the relative occupational structures of white women and black males are systematically related to changes in certain local labor market conditions.

The experiences of blacks under Nazi racists are neglected since their losses seem minor when compared to other racial groups. Their subsequent degree of participation and statistics on mortality are likewise being disputed. Revelation of incidents involving blacks substantiates that they were also victims of the Holocaust.

WITH BARACK OBAMA ENSCONCED AS THE nation's first Black president, plenty of voices in the national conversation are trumpeting America as a post-racial society--that race matters much less than it [...]

This article serves as an introduction to a set of articles by several authors on the difficulties and challenges of being African American at predominately White academic institutions. The guest editors note that African Americans play critical roles in mentoring African American students and junior African American faculty. Yet, challenges exist from sometimes a few hostile White students and administrators, who question the competencies and scholarship of African American faculty. The guest editors introduce the authors and provide a summary of their articles. Keywords Racism in academia * Racial isolation * Discrimination

The manner in which media covered the O.J. Simpson trial reinforces the notion of many people that the media tends to disregard the presumption of innocence until proven otherwise. Simpson was instantly perceived as guilty because he was black and media has, time and again, portrayed black men to be more prone to violent behavior. Many people believe that if Simpson were not wealthy and did not have the resources, he would have probably been found guilty.