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Highlights: [•] Thermal acid hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification resulted in 43.5g/L sugars. [•] Ethanol concentration of 20.5g/L was obtained using S. stipitis KCTC 7228. [•] Glucose uptake increased at HMF concentrations <5g/L in the fermentation medium. [•] HMF was converted to 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran by S. stipitis KCTC 7228. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Hyper thermal (HT) acid hydrolysis of Kappaphycus alvarezii , a red seaweed, was optimized to 12% (w/v) seaweed slurry content, 180 mM H 2 SO 4 at 140 °C for 5 min. The maximum monosaccharide concentration of 38.3 g/L and 66.7% conversion from total fermentable monosaccharides of 57.6 g/L with 120 g dw/L K. alvarezii slurry were obtained from HT acid hydrolysis and enzymatic saccharification. HT acid hydrolysis at a severity factor of 0.78 efficiently converted the carbohydrates of seaweed to monosaccharides and produced a low concentration of inhibitory compounds. The levels of ethanol production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation with non-adapted and adapted Kluyveromyces marxianus to high concentration of galactose were 6.1 g/L with ethanol yield ( Y EtOH ) of 0.19 at 84 h and 16.0 g/L with Y EtOH of 0.42 at 72 h, respectively. Development of the HT acid hydrolysis process and adapted yeast could enhance the overall ethanol fermentation yields of K. alvarezii seaweed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste product from salted Undaria pinnatifida (sea mustard) processing was fermented to produce bioethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 1129 at laboratory and pilot development unit (PDU) scales. Thermal acidic hydrolysis of salted U. pinnatifida was conducted with 75 mM HSO at 121℃ for 60 min and the addition of 1.4 KNU/mL Termamyl 120L. A total monosaccharide concentration of 19.3 g/L and 32.2% conversion from 59.9 g/L total carbohydrate using 130 g dw/L salted U. pinnatifida were achieved. Ethanol fermentations in 5 and 500 L fermenters were carried out to produce 8.5 g/L of ethanol with an ethanol yield (Y) of 0.44 at 24 h and 7.9 g/L with Y of 0.41 at 18 h, respectively. The fermentation time of the PDU-scale reaction was reduced due to differences in the impeller type and geometry of the fermenters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed resources can be used as raw materials to produce bioethanol, a renewable biofuel, to overcome fossil fuel depletion and environmental problems. Red seaweeds possess high amount of bioethanol-producible carbohydrates. Among 55 species tested, the carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii (also known as cottonii) was selected as the best resource for bioethanol production. This species is one of the most abundant and easily cultured red seaweeds. The main components of carrageenan are d-galactose-4-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro- d-galactose-2-sulfate, which are potentially fermentable d-typed carbohydrates. The seaweed powder was hydrolyzed with 0.2 M sulfuric acid and fermented with brewer's yeast. The ethanol yield from the K. alvarezii hydrolysate was 0.21 g g-galactose, which corresponded to a 41% theoretical yield. It revealed a relative ethanol production of 66% comparing to that of pure galactose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Horse manure (HM) was employed as a feedstock for bioethanol production. • High holocellulose contents in HM produced fermentable sugars with 80% yield. • N-rich HM showed competitive ethanol production (0.075 g L-1h−1) with no N support. Insecure supply chain of biomass has been regarded as one of the critical constraints for deteriorating the practical implementations of bioethanol (BE). To find a raw feedstock beyond lignocellulosic biomass, horse manure (HM) was converted into BE. To realize the grand premise, two pretreatment methods, acid-/alkaline-pretreatments using H 2 SO 4 /NaOH, were used for HM. To optimize acid-/alkaline-pretreatments, the surface methodology response with the Box-Behnken design was done. Under the optimized conditions, alkaline-pretreatment showed higher maximum sugar recovery yield (80%) than that from acid- pretreatment (71%), which offers that alkaline-pretreatment is suitable for BE synthesis from HM. The fermentability of acid/enzyme- and alkaline/enzyme-hydrolysates without a supplement of nitrogen source were tested using GRAS strain of yeast, Pichia stipitis. The results indicated that alkaline/enzyme- hydrolysates showed higher BE productivities (0.075 g L-1h−1) than those of acid/enzyme-hydrolysates (0.050 g L-1h−1). To elucidate the possible reasons of such higher BE productivities from the alkaline/enzyme- hydrolysates, the potential fermentative inhibitory compounds for Pichia stipitis such as acetic acid, furfural, and hydroxymethylfurfural were quantitatively analyzed. The results indicated that the presence of less amounts of toxic compounds from the alkaline/enzyme- hydrolysates may lead to such higher BE productivities as compared those present in acid/enzyme-hydrolysates. Also, all experimental results suggested a potential for saving production cost of BE using HM as the C/N sources without an additional nitrogen source supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]