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Keteleeria davidiana (C.E.Bertrand) Beissn. is a species of conifer native to southern China, Laos and Vietnam. The species has been listed as vulnerable in Vietnam. Essential oil samples have been isolated from leaves, twigs and wood, and their compositions investigated for the first time by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [GC-FID, GC-MS and13C NMR]. The composition of leaf essential oil was dominated by α-pinene (28.1%), β-pinene (15.8%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (13.8%). Twig essential oil contained mainly α-pinene (37.9%) and β-pinene (24.7%) accompanied by (E)-β-caryophyllene (8.3%) and β-phellandrene (7.5%). Lastly, α-pinene (27.9%), α-terpineol (20.3%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (20.8%) were predominant in wood essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keteleeria evelyniana Mast. is a species of conifer native to southern China, Laos and Vietnam. The species has been listed as vulnerable in Vietnam. Oil samples have been isolated from leaves, twigs, roots and cones, and analyzed by combination of GC(FID), GC-MS and 13C NMR. The composition of leaf oil, dominated by α-pinene (37.8%) and β-pinene (17.9%), varied substantially from that previously reported. Twig, cone and root oil compositions are reported for the first time. Twig oil contained mainly (E)-β-caryophyllene (25.4%) accompanied by α-pinene (15.9%), limonene (15.4%). (E)-β-caryophyllene (40.8%) was predominant in root oil, followed by α-Pinene (27.9%) and α-humulene (8.1%). Lastly, the composition of cone oil was characterized by a high content of α-pinene (58.8%) followed by β-pinene (22.0%). The occurrence of the diterpene iso-abienol (1.3%) could be noted. It could also be highlighted that the conformers βα and ββ of (E)-β-caryophyllene have been evidenced by 13C NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lecomte is endemic to the central highlands of Vietnam. It is also known as Krempf's pine or flat-needled pine. Two essential oil samples have been isolated from leaves and branches, respectively, and analyzed by a combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [GC(FID), GC-MS and 13C NMR]. The compositions of both oil samples were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, α-pinene, limonene and myrcene. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were represented by (E)-β-caryophyllene and germacrene D. Camphorene (meta isomer) was identified at low content. The compositions of essential oil samples from P. krempfii have been compared with those of other essential oils from various species of Vietnamese pines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to get better knowledge about the volatiles produced by Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, a species recently discovered in Vietnam, its wood oil has been analyzed by a combination of chromatographic (GC, CC) and spectroscopic (GC-MS, 13C-NMR) techniques. Forty components that accounted for 87.9% of the oil composition have been identified. The composition is dominated by nootkatene (20.7%), 11,12,13-tri-nor-eremophil-1(10)-en-7-one (17.2%), -eudesmol (5.1%), nootkatone (4.7%), valencene (3.5%) and 13-nor-eremophil-1(10)-en-11-one (2.6%). The structure of two new compounds--10-epi-nor-γ-eudesmen-11-one and 12-hydroxy-isodihydroagarofuran--has been elucidated, while 11,12,13-tri-nor-eremophil-1(10)-en-7-ol is reported as a natural product for the first time. The composition of X. vietnamensis wood oil varied drastically from those of leaf oils, dominated by hedycaryol (34.4%), phyllocladene (37.8%) or by pimara-6(14)-15-diene (19.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of the roots ofFerula luteafrom Tunisia, obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by combination of GC(FID), GC-MS and13C-NMR spectroscopy. The chemical composition of root oil of this species is reported for the first time. This essential oil was characterized by a high proportion of monoterpene hydrocarbons. δ-3-Carene (72.6%) was, by far, the major component of the essential oil followed by α-pinene (5.8%), myrcene (5.1%) and α-phellandrene (4.0%). Furthermore, the isolated oil was tested for its antimicrobial activity using the disc-diffusion and the microdilution essays against six Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria as well as towards eightCandidaspecies. It was found that this oil, exhibited interesting antibacterial and anticandidal activity (MIC = 39 mg/mL againstEscherichia coli ATCC 25922,MIC = 78 mg/mL againstSalmonella typhimuriumATCC 13311 and MIC = 156 mg/mL againstCandida albicans.The anti-acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic effects of this oil were also evaluated in this work. Results showed that this oil exhibits a high anti-acetylcholinesterase activity (IC50= 28.56±1.87 μg/mL) and cytotoxic activity (IC50= 26.39±3.98 μg/mL) towards the cell line HT-29. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of an oil sample isolated from leaves of Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle was investigated by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Among the compounds present at appreciable amounts, a special attention was brought to sesquiterpenes bearing a tertiary alcohol function and particularly to germacra-1(10),5-dien-4α-ol. Indeed, identification of diastereoisomers α and β of germacra-1(10),5-dien-4-ol has been the subject of controversy in the literature. We report here for the first time 13C NMR data of the α isomer. The criteria for differentiation of both diastereoisomers are discussed. In parallel, leaf oils from four other Fortunella species ( F. crassifolia, F. hindsii, F. margarita and F. obovata) have been analyzed by GC(RI) and 13C NMR. The main components of the investigated Fortunella leaf oils were β-elemol (8.7-30.9%), germacrene D (2.1-16.3%), β-eudesmol (4.6-13.1%) and Δ9-10-eremophilen-11-ol (1.4-11.2%). The occurrence of germacra-1(10),5-dien-4α-ol (1.1-7.7%) was observed in the five Fortunella leaf oils. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Polyalthia longifolia produces sesquiterpene-rich essential oils (EOs) whose compositions varied substantially from sample to sample depending on the origin of the plant (Nigeria and Vietnam). Nothing is known about the phytochemistry of Ivoirian P. longifolia. The aim of the present study was to characterize Ivoirian P. longifolia through the chemical composition of the leaf oil and to develop a strategy that allows the identification of minor oxygenated sesquiterpenes whose MS data are not compiled in commercial or laboratory-constructed MS libraries. The EO was submitted to gas chromatography (GC) retention index (RI), GC-mass spectrometry (MS) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Then hydrocarbons and oxygenated components were separated and the oxygenated fraction was chromatographed on silica gel. The fractions were analysed by GC(RI) and 13C NMR. Seventy compounds accounting for 91.8% of the EO were identified. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, (E)-β-caryophyllene (27.8%), α-zingiberene (20.0%) and allo-aromadendrene (15.0%), were the major components. Various oxygenated sesquiterpenes whose MS data were not compiled in commercial and laboratory-made MS libraries were identified by comparison of their chemical shift values in the spectrum of the fraction of CC with those reported in the literature and compiled in a laboratory-constructed 13C NMR data library. The composition of the investigated Ivoirian P. longifolia oil sample presented similarities and differences with Nigerian and Vietnamese oils. Combined analysis of Ivoirian P. longifolia EO by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques including 13C NMR without isolation of the components, appeared particularly efficient to identify minor components of EOs, whose MS spectra are insufficiently differentiated or MS data are not compiled in commercial and lab-constructed MS libraries. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of aerial parts of Warionia saharae was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID), GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In total, forty-three constituents, mainly oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes, were identified representing 89.2% of the total oil. Sixteen samples of essential oil of W. saharae collected in three locations exhibited similar chemical compositions showing a chemical homogeneity. The essential oil showed poor antifungal activity against filamentous fungi, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 4 and 8 μL/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction Germacrenes A-C are secondary metabolites produced by various plants. They are sesquiterpene hydrocarbons bearing the ( E, E)-1,5-cyclodecadiene structure known to undergo thermal rearrangement through a [3.3]-sigmatropic reaction. Such a rearrangement was evidenced by comparing the contents of a given germacrene and the corresponding elemene calculated by GC-flame ionisation detection (FID) with the relative intensities of the signals of both molecules in the 13C-NMR spectrum of the mixture, recorded at room temperature. Objective To develop a protocol to identify and quantify germacrenes A, B and C and in parallel the corresponding elemenes, using a combination of GC-FID and 13C-NMR and then provide a correct analysis of Cleistopholis patens essential oils. Methods The essential oil was submitted to GC-FID, GC-retention index, GC-MS and 13C-NMR analyses. The relative percentages of every couple of germacrene and elemene measured by GC-FID were summed. Then, the relative ratio of the mean intensities of the signals of the protonated carbons of a given germacrene and the corresponding elemene was calculated. The contents of both compounds were obtained by combining GC-FID and 13C-NMR data. Results The true content of germacrene A/β-elemene, germacrene B/γ-elemene and germacrene C/δ-elemene in leaf and root oils from C. patens was evaluated by combination of GC-FID and 13C-NMR data. Correct analysis of the essential oils was provided. Conclusion Combined analysis of essential oil including 13C-NMR without isolation of the components, appeared really efficient to identify and quantify germacrene isomers and in parallel elemene isomers in essential oils. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cupressus tonkinensiswas treated for a long time as a synonym ofCupressus torulosaD. Don. and it was proposed as new species in 1994. The two species differed by morphological characters and they were distinct in their random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Leaves and stems ofC.tonkinensisproduce monoterpene-rich oils whose composition is investigated here for the first time by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. α-Pinene (23.1%), sabinene (21.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (14.4%) were the major components of the leaf oil that contained also β-elemol (4.2%). In contrast, α-pinene (42.5%) was by far the major component of the stem oil beside myrcene (10.2%) and cedrol (9.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The composition of fifteen leaf oil samples from individual plants of Cleistopholis glauca Pierre ex Engler & Diels growing wild in Côte d'Ivoire was investigated by gas chromatography (in combination with retention indices) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). Thirty-three compounds accounting for 88.8 to 95.4% of the oil have been identified. Cleistopholis glauca produces a sesquiterpene-rich oil, germacrene D (16.4-46.5%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (8.0-26.2%) being the main components. In a few samples, monoterpene hydrocarbons were present as appreciable contents: myrcene (up to 39.7%), β-pinene (up to 24.8%) and ct-pinene (up to 16.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaves (16 samples) and stem bark (four samples) of Xylopia villosa were collected in two forests of south-eastern Côte d'Ivoire. The chemical composition of essential oils was investigated by gas chromatography (GC; in combination with retention indices) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thirty-three compounds accounting for 85.9 95.9% of the oil have been identified. Xylopia villosa produces a monoterpene-rich essential oil, whose composition was dominated by sabinene or (Z)-β-ocimene, one or the other compound being the major component. One atypical leaf oil sample exhibited myrcene as major component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-six oil samples were isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba Asso growing wild in Tunisia (semi-arid land) and their chemical composition was determined by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. Various compositions were observed, dominated either by a single component (α-thujone, camphor, chrysanthenone or trans-sabinyl acetate) or characterized by the occurrence, at appreciable contents, of two or more of these compounds. These results confirmed the tremendous chemical variability of A. herba-alba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf oils of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon tortilis were submitted to combined analysis by CG(retention indices), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The composition was dominated by geranial (39.2% and 32.0%) and neral (24.1% and 19.1%). Cis- and trans-7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-3,6-oxyoctanal (synonym: cis- and trans-tetrahydro-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-furanacetaldehyde) were identified by 13C NMR by comparison with literature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seedlings of Artemisia herba-alba Asso collected from Kirchaou area were transplanted in an experimental garden near the Institut des Régions Andes of Médenine (Tunisia). During three years, the aerials parts were harvested (three levels of cutting, 25%, 50% and 75% of the plant), at full blossom and during the vegetative stage. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined by CC(RI) and 13C-NMR. With respect to the quantity of vegetable material and the yield of hydrodistillation, it appears that the best results were obtained for plants cut at 50% of their height and during the full blossom. The chemical composition of the essential oil was dominated by β-thujone, α-thujone, 1,8-cineole, camphor and trans-sabinyl acetate, irrespective of the level of cutting and the period of harvest. It remains similar to that of plants growing wild in the same area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistacia atlantica Desf. is widely distributed in South Algeria. It is a medicinal and foodstuff plant. Decoctions of leaves and fruits are used against stomach ache and caught. Ripe fruits are components of tonic sweets. Essential oils from leaves, fruits and galls of P. atlantica, analyzed by GC/FID, GC/MS and 13C-NMR, were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, α-pinene (32.6-54.7%) and β-pinene (8.0-20.2%) being the major components. Sesquiterpenes accounted for 14.1-21.7% in leaf oils, 3.6% in fruit oil and 4.8% in gall oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of nine samples of fruit oil from Pistacia lentiscus L. growing wild in Algeria was investigated by GC/FID (retention indices), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. Fruit oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons. α-Pinene (37.9-51.5%) and myrcene (27.0-69.7%) were the major components. Two characteristic compositions of the fruit oil were observed with respect to the content of both compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil isolated from aerial parts of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. from Vietnam are reported. Analysis was carried out by GC (RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR. Thirty-four compounds were identified, accounting for 92.8% of the oil. The major constituents were α-pinene (57.4%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (13.6%). The essential oil of A. pedunculata was shown to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus epidermidis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of 17 samples of leaf oil from Pistacia lentiscus L. growing wild in Algeria was investigated by GC/FID (retention indices), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. Leaf oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons. α-Pinene (20.0-34.2%), myrcene (23.0-33.1%) or limonene (25.5-43.8%) were the major components. Statistical analysis of our results confirmed the chemical variability of the leaf oil of P. lentiscus and showed an atypical composition characterized by the pre-eminence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six commercial samples of the essential oil of Tagetes bipinata from Madagascar were analyzed by GC (retention indices), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. Tagetes bipinata produces a monoterpene-rich oil dominated by (Z)-β-ocimene and acyclic unsaturated ketones among which dihydrotagetone was present in the six samples at appreciable content (11.9-24.4%) and is reported for the first time in the oil of T. bipinata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils obtained from two populations of Lavandula dentata L. from Algeria were examined by GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The oils were rich in β-pinene (6.0-26.0%) and 1,8-cineole (0.9-36.3%). The two oils exhibited different compositions: cineole/β-pinene and β-pinene/trans-pinocarveol. Despite some variations of the contents of the main components, the plant produced oil belonging to the same chemotype throughout its life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides from S. Tomé and Príncipe was investigated for the first time. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts, and subsequently analyzed by GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The oil was characterized by the presence of high percentages of precocene I (34.4%) and β-caryophyllene (24.6%), as well as small amounts of precocene II. Using the disk diffusion method, the oil of A. conyzoides showed weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris and Cladosporium cladosporioides, and was inactive against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils produced from a population of Artemisia vulgaris of Vietnamese origin cultivated near Hanoi were subjected to analysis by GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The oils were found to contain oxygenated monoterpenes as major components (1,8-cineole, camphor and a-terpineol). The composition of these oils differed from that previously reported for Vietnamese A. vulgaris oil. Only slight differences in the composition of the oil were observed along the vegetative life of the plant. No significant difference was observed between compositions of leaf and flower oils. In addition, the combination of retention indices, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy allowed the identification of unusual sesquiterpenes such as presilphiperfolan-9α-ol as a minor component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seed oil of Angelica acutiloba Kit. was submitted, after fractionation over silica gel, to a combined analysis by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The composition was dominated by non terpenic acyclic alcohols and acetates, and phthalides. The main constituents were dodecyl acetate (33.0%), (Z)-ligustilide (17.4%), dodecanol (7.1%), p-cymene (6.4%), g-terpinene (5.9%) and tetradecyl acetate (5.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of the essential oil of Piper bavinum was investigated, using a combination of GC (RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The main constituents were bicyclogermacrene (10.6%), globulol (5.7%), ledene (5.1%), α-pinene (4.4%), viridiflorol (3.5%), terpinen-4-ol (3.2%) and α-gurjunene (3.0%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus fontanesii Boiss. et Reut., growing wild in Algeria (Tlemcen province) was determined by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The oil was characterized by a high content of carvacrol (67-69%) and its antibacterial activity was tested against nine bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of Litsea cubeba essential oils obtained from leaves harvested in six provinces of Vietnam were investigated using a combination of capillary GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Three compositions were found, dominated by 1,8-cineole (0.2-51.7%), linalool (0.4-91.1%) and sabinene (0-48.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of essential oils from several parts of a type of Illicium griffithii (short peduncle) harvested in Vietnam was investigated using GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. These oils contained mostly oxygenated phenylpropanoids, essentially safrole (51.6-65.3%) and 4-methoxysafrole (19.6%, root bark oil). Oils from aerial parts and bark of root oil differed significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Cedrela odorata L. bark from S. Tomé and Príncipe, where this plant is used in traditional medicine mainly for the treatment of malaria as well as a febrifuge and against diabetes, was investigated for the first time. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation of the bark, and subsequently analyzed by GC, GC/MS and 13 C-NMR. Thirty-seven constituents were identified in the oil that was characterized by high and similar amounts of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (43.9 and 42.4%, respectively). Major compounds were a -copaene (14.4%), a -cadinol (11.2%), β -eudesmol (9.4%) and d -cadinene (9.2%). The oil from S. Tomé is different from those reported in samples of other origins in which a -cadinol (11.2%) was not detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils of leaves, branches and female cones of Cupressus arizonica Greene from Italy have been analyzed by means of the complementary techniques of GC, GC/MS and 13 C-NMR. The main constituent of the leaf oil was umbellulone (45.1%), while in the branch and cone oils it was α-pinene (74.6% and 72.0%, respectively). The composition of the oils of branches and female cones have not been previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illigera trifoliata ssp. cucullata (Merr.) Kubitzki (Hernandiaceae) is a liana distributed mainly in the tropical regions of Asia. Nothing is known on the phytochemicals produced by this species. Oil samples have been isolated from leaves, and stems, and analyzed by combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques [GC(FID), GC-MS and 13C NMR]. The compositions of leaf and stem oils were dominated by α-phellandrene (25.8 and 29.2%), β-pinene (26.0 and 9.5%) and β-phellandrene (12.8 and 15.8%), followed by limonene (5.5 and 8.1%) and β-pinene (7.5 and 3.0%). The stem essential oil from Illigera trifoliata ssp. cucullata exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 4000 μg/mL and IC50 values of 1824,56 ±136 and 2666,66 ±257 μg/mL, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A detailed analysis of Santolina corsica essential oil was carried out by combination of GC (RI), GC–MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy. After fractionation by column chromatography, 50 components were identified, accounting for 88.2% of the total amount of the oil. The chemical composition was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, myrcene (34.6%), santolina triene (13.5%) and β-phellandrene (11.7%). Beside the main compounds, we noted the occurrence of irregular mono and sesquiterpenes belonging to five families: santolinane, artemisane, chrysanthemane, lavandulane and sesquilavandulane. Three compounds, lyratyl butyrate, isolyratone and epi-isolyratol were isolated and their structure elucidated by 2D NMR. Antibacterial activity was tested against six bacteria strains. The essential oil was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and C. jejuni. Lyratol was identified as main responsive of the antibacterial activity. The content of lyratol was measured in 33 oil samples isolated from individual plants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. growing wild in Ivory Coast, was determined by GC/RI, GC/SM and 13C-NMR after fractionation on silica gel. The oil was characterized by high contents of trans- and cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ols (18.4% and 8.7%, respectively), cis- and trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ols (16.0% and 15.7% respectively), and limonene (12.5%). Forty-six components were identified, including 25 compounds reported for the first time in the oils of this species. To cite this article: J.B. Boti et al., C. R. Chimie (9) 2006 . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]