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This article is part of the contribution to the development of two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population: white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba) andArâr (Juniperus phoenicea), species belonging to the Asteraceae and Cupressaceae families, respectively. The present work was conducted to investigate the chemical composition and anticorrosive properties of essential oils (EOs) extracted from these plants. The chemical analysis of the essential oils (EOs) was carried out by GC-MS/MS. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and quantum chemical calculations by density-functional theory at B3lYP were used to study the anticorrosive effect of the researched oils on mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Moreover, SEM-EDX analysis was used to identify the surface morphology of mild steel surface. GC-MSMS results showed the presence of 32 potentially active compounds in the EOs of Artemisia herba-alba. The average yield of the EOs was about 1.39 ± 0.17 mL/100 g dry matter. Beta thujone (30.07%) and alpha thujone (13.32%) are the main components, while for the EOs of Juniperus phoenicea, the study showed the presence of 30 constituents, with alpha-pinene (43.61%) and manoyl oxide (11.5%) as the main components. The average yield of HE was 1.10 ± 0.03 mL/100 g dry matter. The findings demonstrated an important anticorrosive action of EOs from Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus phoenicea. Notably, the experimental results showed good efficiency of the studied essential oils and correlated well with the density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results of potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that hydrazone acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. The EIS results showed an increase in charge transfer resistance accompanied by a noticeable decrease in Cdl values, revealing that both studied oils were effective as reliable inhibitors for the protection of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. Also, the efficiency decreased with decreasing inhibitor concentrations. Surface studies ensure the effectiveness of both investigated oils and the reduction of the surface roughness of mild steel. Furthermore, DFT results of the major constituents of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus phoenicea EOs revealed insights into the chemical reactivity of the tested oils while supporting the experimental conclusions and showed outstanding adsorption ability of both investigated EOs on the steel surface.

Artemisia herba-alba Asso is a medicinal plant used widely in Algerian folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases. The present work is aimed to elucidate the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) of Artemisia herba-alba. The in vitro antibacterial activity against 11 bacterial strains, and the in vivo acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. In this study fifty-four compounds accounting for 94.1% of total oil were identified by GC-FID and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from leaves. α-thujone (48.0%), β-thujone (13.4%), and camphor (13.1%) are found to be the major compounds. The results of the antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method revealed inhibition zones ranging from 10.00±0.0 to 36.00±0.9mm. Gram-positive was more sensitive to EO compared with Gram-negative bacteria. EO exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations and bactericidal concentrations of 2.5 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml respectively. The oil was moderately toxic and belongs to category 4 according to GHS, mortality was achieved at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. EO of A. herba-alba reduced significantly the edema induced by carrageenan in rat paw at 44.07% and 44.37% (after five hours) at the doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively.

The main objective of this study is to highlight the dietary risk of the prevalence of blaESBL producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk, besides evaluating the effect of Artemes...

Essential oils are secondary plant metabolites and have many therapeutic properties. The aim of our study is to determine the antibacterial effect of the essential oils of two plants cultivated in a semi-arid region located in the Northeast of Algeria (Tebessa), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) and Artemisia herba alba (Asteraceae). The yield of essential oils of the two plants were 1.45 ± 0.026 and 1.21 ± 0.061 g/100 g of the dry matter of the aerial part respectively. The test of the antibacterial effect is based on the diffusion method on solid medium (sensitivity), this method allows us to determine the susceptibility or resistance of an organism vis-à-vis the sample studied. Our study reveals that E. camaldulensis essential oil had very strong activity on all bacterial strains tested, except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis for which there was no inhibitory effect. However, A. herba alba essential oil had very strong activity on all bacterial strains tested except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC of Artemisia essential oil ranged between 0.08 and 1.57 µL/mL, with the lowest activity for S. aureus and P. mirabilis (1.57 µL/mL) and the highest activity was observed against E. feacalis, E. coli, and K. pneumonia (0.09 µL/mL). The MIC of the second plant EO ranged between 0.08 and 0.36 µL/mL, with the lowest activity for P. mirabilis (0.36 µL/mL) and the highest one was observed against S. saprophyticus and E. coli (0.08 µL/mL). Statistical analysis shows that the two plants have the same efficacy against S. saprophyticus while E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis species are affected more by the essential oil of A. herba alba. While, E. camaldulensis has a higher efficiency than that of A. herba alba on the species: S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, the essential oils of E. camaldulensis and A. herba alba suggests avenues for further non clinical and clinical studies.

Given the increase in antibiotic resistance phenomena and the undesirable effects of synthetic drugs. Medicinal plants are used as a direct or indirect source of the active ingredients. Our research constitutes a development of essential oils from Artemisia herba alba Asso cultivated in the Mascara region. A hydrophobic ointment has been formulated based on this essential oil and tested against five strains of Candida albicans. Several physicochemical and microbiological tests were used to verify the quality and the toxicity of the product. Then, the determination of the antifungal activity of this preparation was assessed against five strains of Candida albicans (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) by the disk-diffusion agar method. The results revealed that this preparation was devoid of total aerobic germs, yeasts and molds. However, the pH value was found equal to 5.98. In addition, the irritation primary index was marked less than 0.5. The ointment was powerful against S1, S3, S4 and S5 strains with inhibition diameters ranging from 16± 4 mm to 23 ± 2 mm. The Nystatin ointment was observed active against strains S2, S4 and S5 with diameters of the zones of inhibition; 21 ± 2 mm, 21± 1 mm and 20 ± 3 mm respectively. The ointment formulated with essential oil from Artemisia herba alba asso has proven useful against candidiasis caused by Candida albicans species.

This study investigated insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil (EO) against Tribolium castaneum adults and its impacts on wheat flour quality. GC/MS analysis of the EOs of A. herba-alba showed a predominance of β-thujone (27.79%), camphor (22.65%), chrysanthenone (17.97%) and α-thujone (13.56%). Therefore, the median effective concentrations (LC50 value) of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil used for preliminary screening tests were evaluated. Insect mortalities, occupation space conditions and wheat flour quality were investigated after 30 and 60 days of storage period. The results showed that mortality varies depending on occupation space and storage duration, which reached 42.15% and 59.8% after 30 and 60 days of storage, respectively. Furthermore, moisture, ash, gluten, falling number contents were examined according to international standards. Indeed, rheological dough parameters were examined using a Chopin alveograph and according to ISO standards. Results indicated that A. herba-alba essential oil changed wheat flour physicochemical parameters but did not affect dough rheological parameters which correspond to international ISO standards.

The allelopathic potential of essential oil extracts from Artemisia herba-alba Asso. was assessed on seed germination of nine weeds and two wheat varieties. The samples were collected from El-Rasfa région (Sétif, Algeria). The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation of aerial part and characterized using gaz chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The bioassays with organic solvent (ethanol) were tested using four different concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 µl/ml of oil/ethanol) on seed and seedling growth of the nine weeds and two wheat varieties. The yield obtained is 1.19%, and 36 compound had been identified. The main components are: camphor (28.58%), cis-thujone (22.03%), eucalyptol (11.65%) and trans-thujone (7.03%). The results of bioassays show that essential oil extracts has a significant effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the major weed tested and two wheat varieties. In conclusion, this study shows that the essential oil tested has an interesting allelopathic potential.

This work aims to research new bio-fungicidal molecules based on the essential oils (EO) of Artemisia herba alba Asso, Mentha pulegium L, Rosmarinus officinalis L and Ocimum basilicum L for the food protection and preservation against fungal attacks, also, to determine the chemical composition and the socio-economic interest of oil. The plant material used in this study is represented by the aerial part of O. basilicum L., A. herba-alba Asso, M. pulegium L and the leaves and flowers of R. officinalis L dried for a week, protected from the light and at room temperature. EO chemical composition analysis by GC/MS revealed 36, 26, 34 and 27 constituents for A. herba alba Asso, R. officinalis L, O. basilicum L and M. pulegium L EO, respectively. The antifungal activity of the oils was tested using the direct contact PDA method by determining mycelial growth rate and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results of the antifungal study showed that all the fungal strains tested are sensitive to different concentrations of the EO applied with a great antifungal potential by an MIC between 139.08 and 1082.76 μg/ml. Thanks to the antifungal power of the EO of the plants studied, the latter demonstrate that the can constitute an important source of several active ingredients including the antifungal activity necessary for a bio-fungicidal product with a more advantageous national socioeconomic level.

Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) is a traditionally used plant to treat various diseases, including diabetes and metabolic dysfunctions. Plant extracts are generally explored empirically without a deeper assessment of their mechanism of action. Here, we describe a combinatorial study of biochemical, molecular, and bioinformatic (metabolite-protein pharmacology network) analyses to elucidate the mechanism of action of AHA and shed light on its multilevel effects in the treatment of diabetes-related advanced glycation end-products (AGE)-induced liver damages. The extract's polyphenols and flavonoids content were measured and then identified via LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Active compounds were used to generate a metabolite-target interaction network via Swiss Target Prediction and other databases. The extract was tested for its antiglycation and aggregation properties. Next, THLE-2 liver cells were challenged with AGEs, and the mechanistic markers were measured [TNF-alpha, IL-6, nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and caspase 3]. Metabolite and network screening showed the involvement of AHA in diabetes, glycation, liver diseases, aging, and apoptosis. Experimental confirmation showed that AHA inhibited protein modification and AGE formation. Additionally, AHA reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF alpha), oxidative stress markers (NO, LPO), and apoptosis (Caspase 3). On the other hand, cellular total antioxidant capacity was restored to normal levels. The combinatorial study showed that AHA regulates AGE-induced liver damages through MAPK-AKT and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways. This report highlights the combination of experimental and network pharmacology for the exact elucidation of AHA mechanism of action as a multitarget option in the therapy of diabetes and AGEs-related diseases., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK [120Z200]; Projets de Recherche-Formation Universitaire (PRFU) [D01N01UN160420180008], This project was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK (120Z200). The current project was partially funded by the Projets de Recherche-Formation Universitaire (PRFU) (D01N01UN160420180008). EGE MATAL (EGE University) is acknowledged for the LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analyses and cell culture experiments.

Ed-Dra A, Filali FR, Presti VL, Zekkori B, Nalbone L, Elsharkawy ER, Bentayeb A, Giarrtana F. 2021. Effectiveness of essential oil from the Artemisia herba-alba aerial parts against multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from food and hospitalized patients. Biodiversitas 22: 2995-3005. The World Health Organization has sounded the warning on the diffusion of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria, requiring solutions and alternatives to solve the therapeutic failure that may occur. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and bactericidal effectiveness against MDR bacteria of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil (A-EO) collected from semi-arid region of Morocco. Chemical composition of the A-EO was determined by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, while the antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH scavenging activity and ?-carotene bleaching assay. Antibacterial activity of A-EO, performed by disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method, was tested against: four MDR strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Enterococcus faecalis) isolated from food matrices, two (Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) from hospitalized patients, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as reference strain. Davanone was the main compound among the 17 identified. An antioxidant activity with IC50 of 1.13±0.02 mg/mL, EC50 of 2.12±0.05 mg/mL and RC50 of 0.87±0.02 mg/mL was observed. A weak activity against P. aeruginosa was observed, while it was intermediate or high against the other bacteria. This study confirms that A-EO could be a suitable alternative to antibiotics in the infection treatment related to MDR bacteria.

Essential oils, when used as bio-insecticides in the control of insect pests of stored grains have shown specificity and variation in the potentiality of their mode of action. In the present study, three essential oils extracted from three aromatic plants of different families, white wormwood (Artemisia herba alba, Asteraceae), oregano (Origanum vulgare, Lamiaceae) and rue (Ruta montana, Rutaceae), were evaluated for their repellent and fumigant toxic potential against the flour moth larvae, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), under laboratory conditions. The essential oils extraction was done by the hydrodistillation method. The repellent activity was carried out in Petri dishes using a filter paper treated with different oil dilutions (25, 75, 100, 120, 130, 150 µL/mL). The fumigant toxicity was determined on three concentrations (50, 130, 150 µL/L air). Two plants were shown to be repellent against the E. kuehniella larvae. Origanum oil was the most repellent with 67% of repellency rate followed by Artemisia oil (46%) at 120µL/mL after 2 hours of exposure. The oil of R. montana had an attractant activity against the larvae and was the most toxic with 56.7% of larval mortality in the first 24 hours. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) recorded were 11.6, 175.4 and 1100.0 µL/L air for the plant oils R. montana, O. vulgare and A. herba alba, respectively. R. montana and O. vulgare essential oil are shown to be efficient with high toxic and repellent properties against E. kuehniella larvae. Their specific potential could be integrated in the selection of the best bioinsecticides for the optimum protection of stored grain.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is involved in many pathological mechanisms especially those due to aging, such as cancer, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Essential oils are known for their biological properties, especially as anti-nociceptive, anticancer, antiviral and antioxidative. The main objective of this study was to study the antioxidant activity of essential oils from Thymus fontanesii, Artemisia herba-alba and Rosmarinus officinalis, individually and in combinations. Materials and Methods: Essential oils of plants aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant properties were evaluated using two different methods, α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: The essential oil of T. fontanesii was principally characterized by phenolic compounds represented by thymol (76.6%) and p-cymene (7.4%). The constituents identified from A. herba-alba essential oil were principally represented by camphor (32.3%) and chrysanthenone (25.6%). While, R. officinalis essential oil was characterized by 1,8-cineole (18.3%), camphene (15.4%) and α-pinene (12.8%). T. fontanesii essential oil indicated the significantly highest activity in quenching of DPPH radical, followed by R. officinalis and A. herba-alba essential oils with IC50 of 13.7, 24.5 and 79.4 mg/L, respectively. The combination of T. fontanesii, A. herba-alba and R. officinalis essential oils showed the greatest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 2.6 mg/L almost equal to the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Conclusions: The essential oils blend presented high antioxidant activity compared to individual oils. These findings provide a new source of antioxidant that can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical synthetic preservatives.

Due to its numerous uses in traditional Moroccan medicine, Artemisia herba alba Asso is intensively exploited from the wild and now is considered as threatened species. In order to contribute to the conservation of this valuable plant, the effect of domestication on the chemical composition and bioactivities of A. herba-alba essential oil (EO) were studied. The GC-MS analyses identified chrysanthenone (56.8–68.2%) and trans -thujone (31.1–17.9%) as the main constituents in oil samples. Cultivation of A. herba alba induced qualitative and quantitative modification marked by a diminution of compounds identified and an increase in chrysanthenone content and a parallel decrease of trans-thujone. Concerning the bioactivities, cultivated A. herba alba EO presented the best antioxidant (IC 50 values 3.71 ± 0.15 mg/mL and 3.57 ± 0.39 mg/mL), and insecticidal properties (LD 50 value of 0.65 and LD 90 value of 1.36 μL/cm 2 in the contact assay and LD 50 and LD 90 values of 701.12 μL/Lair as well as of 1655.24 μL/Lair, respectively, in the fumigation assay), while no significant difference has been observed in the allelopathic potency.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of the Moroccan Artemisia herba-alba Asso essential oil against foodborne pathogens. The essential oil of Artemisia herba-alba was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was assessed against three bacterial strains isolated from foodstuff and three bacterial strains referenced by the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) using the disk diffusion assay and the macrodilution method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) method. The fourteen compounds of the Artemisia herba-alba essential oil were identified; the main components were identified as β-thujone, chrysanthenone, α-terpineol, α-thujone, α-pinene, and bornyl acetate. The results of the antibacterial activity obtained showed a sensitivity of the different strains to Artemisia herba-alba essential oil with an inhibition diameter of 8.50 to 17.00 mm. Concerning the MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations), the essential oil exhibited much higher antibacterial activity with MIC values of 2.5 μl/ml against Bacillus subtilis ATCC and Lactobacillus sp. The essential oil was found to be active by inhibiting free radicals with an IC50 (concentration of an inhibitor where the response is reduced by half) value of 2.9 μg/ml. These results indicate the possible use of the essential oil on food systems as an effective inhibitor of foodborne pathogens, as a natural antioxidant, and for potential pharmaceutical applications. However, further research is needed in order to determine the toxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects in edible products.

Natural products are a very important source of bio-molecules for drug to treat infectious diseases. New antileishmanial agents are timely needed, due to leishmania toxicity, drug-resistant strains and high costs treatments. In this study, we report the chemical characterization and antileishmanial activity of oil extracts from three medicinal plants belonging to genus Artemisia (Asteracea), that grow in central Tunisia. The chemical composition of volatile compounds had been elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. Chemical analysis revealed that essential oils were composed of 34 compounds: α-thujone (29.3%), chamazulene (39.2%) and β-pinene (32%), were the main constituents for the essential oils of Artemesia herba alba, Artemesia absinthium and Artemesia campestris, respectively. The hydrodistilled essential oils from these three species of Artemisia showed significant anti-leishmanial activities against Leishmania major. Oils from A. herba alba, A. absinthium and A. campes...

The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction against papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus. The essential oil was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the insecticidal activity was recorded for different times and concentrations under laboratory conditions. According to GC-MS results, the chemical components detected of essential oil isolated by ‎hydrodistillation and solvent extraction were 52 and 62 compounds of both extraction methods, the main components of essential oil of hydrodistillation method were eucalyptol (32.81%), &alpha-pinene (28.62%) and linalol (10.18%) while the major components of essential oil isolated by solvent extract were pentadecanoic acid (16.69%) and dihomo-‎‎.gamma.-linolenic acid (15.2%). The essential oil of hydrodistillation method exhibited more insecticidal ‎activity than solvent extract method against P. marginatus, 1000 mg/L of essential oil isolated by ‎hydrodistillation achieved 100% ‎mortality of papaya mealybugs after 120, ‎‎168 h of treatment with LC50 values which ‎was‎‎ 65.362 mg/L after 168 h from treatment and LT50 value which was ‎22.386 h‎‏‎‎ at 1000 mg/L.‎ The findings reveal and propose that the essential oil of A. herba-albais a rich by bioactive components and it is a prospective source of botanical insecticides.

Artemisia herba-alba Asso., known as the desert wormwood, is a medicinal plant and its essential oil is used in Algerian herbal medicine. In the present study the in vitro antibacterial activity against 21 bacterial strains and chemical composition of Artemisia herba-alba essential oil were investigated. The acute toxicity by determination of the median lethal dose was also studied. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil gave 19 compounds accounting for 98.7% and the major constituent was camphor with an amount of 50.7%. A significant antibacterial effect was observed with important zones of inhibition against Klebsiella oxytoca (31.3 mm) by disc diffusion method and against Acinetobacter baumannnii (47.6 mm) by microatmoshphere method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration values were ranging from 5 to 10 mg mL−1 and 10–20 mg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, their ratio exhibited by the essential oil was 2. The bactericidal end point was achieved after 24 h of exposure to the essential oil, for all the bacteria assayed. The oil was slightly toxic with a median lethal dose of 615 mg kg−1. The results of this study suggest that the essential oil of Artemisia herba-alba can be a source of natural antibacterial agents with potential pharmacological applications.

Essential oils were extracted from Artemisia herba-alba L. and Ruta montana L. by means of steam distillation and thionated with a reagent combination of phosphorus pentasulfide and sodium bicarbonate. Both parent essential oils and their modified ones were screened for their biological and insecticidal activities. The results showed that essential oils were composed mainly of ketones; essential oils from Artemisia herba-alba L. and those from Ruta montana L. consisted of bicyclic monoterpenes and acyclic aliphatic ketones (thujone, camphor and 2-undecanone), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils was substantially improved upon thionation (from 10 to 34 mm and from 11 to 32 mm). The insecticidal effect of the thionated essential oil from Ruta montana L. was observed to be very significant, but that of the essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba L. was observed to decrease (from 100% to 70% after 24 hrs. The extracted essential oils as well as their thionated forms were characterized by GC-MS, FT-IR, and UV-visible.

In order to develop a strategy for the safe management of insect pests in stored agricultural commodities, the essential oil of Artemisia herba alba Asso. was tested against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius raised on seeds of Cicer arietinum (L.) at 20-30°C and 65±5% relative humidity under storage conditions. Chickpea seeds were fumigated with concentrations of essential oil and then infested by young adults of bruchids. On each treated or control lot, 10 newly emerged pairs were released. The number of dead bruchids and number of eggs hatched and unhatched from the seeds were counted. At the end of their development, adults emerged from treated and untreated seeds were counted separately by sex and the success rate was calculated. Three replicates were conducted for each treatment. The essential oil extracted from Artemisia herba alba Asso was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The chromatogram of the essential oil of Artemisia herba alba Asso shows 15 signals relating to the 15 compounds of which camphor is the major constituent with a percentage of 96.15%. The results of the biological tests obtained showed that the essential oil of Artemisia herba alba Asso exerts repellent and toxic effects on Callosobruchus maculatus. It causes a high mortality of adults and affects its fertility, fertility, and success rate in a very significant way compared to controls. These show that fumigation of stored commodities with the essential oil of Artemisia herba alba Asso against insect pests can be considered under storage conditions without risk to consumers and the environment.

The Micro-atmosphere method of Kellner and Kober was modified and used to study antifungal properties of six essential oils that have different chemical compositions (three chemotypes from mugwort, Artemisia herba alba , one from thyme, Thymus capitatus , one from rosemary, Romarinus officinalis and one from Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus globulus ). They were tested against 39 mold strains (13 from the genus Penicillium , nine from Aspergillus and 17 others). The essential oil from thyme was the most effective, suscessively followed by those from mugwort, rosemary and eucalyptus. The strains studied were classified into three groups: sensitive, intermediate and resistant.

Essential oil from aerial parts of Artemisia herba-alba from Morocco was hydrodistilled and its chemical composition oil was investigated by capillary GC and GC/MS. The major components were 1,8-cineole (35.6%) and camphor (24.1%). Artemisia herba-alba essential oil AHAO was tested as corrosion inhibitor of stainless steel (SS) in 1M H3PO4 using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (EIS) and scanning electronically microscopy (SEM) studies. The results obtained showed that the essential oil of Artemisia reduces the corrosion rate. Tafel polarization method indicates that the plant extract behaves as a mixed type inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentration to attain 88% at 1 g.L−1 of oil at 298 K. Nyquist diagrams obtained from impedance studies provide results confirming the anti-corrosion effect of the studied plant. The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of (SS) in 1M H3PO4 without and with AHAO at 1 g.L−1 was studied in the temperature range from 298 to 353 K. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic process and support physical adsorption mechanism. The experimental data fits well into the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. SEM/EDS studies provide the confirmatory evidence for the protection of (SS) by the green inhibitor. The results obtained from these methods used are in good agreement. Keywords: Artemisia herba-alba, Essential oil, Corrosion, Inhibition, Stainless steel, Adsorption

In Algeria, the essential oils market is very modest and the development of this sector remains a problem to be solved. Artemisia herba alba (white wormwood) is aromatic and medicinal plant rich in essential oils. It is in great demand by the national and international industrial sectors: pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics …). The extraction by conventional hydrodistillation gives low yield, a solution presented in this article is to make a pulsed electric field treatment to intensify the extraction of essential oils. The results indicate a good influence of the PEF on the efficiency of HE with reduction of the extraction time. The extraction yields obtained, for example being 2.05% for only 30 min of distillation after treatment with PEF (3kV / cm, n = 100) is 03 times more than a traditional extraction. This result will undoubtedly have a major socio-economic impact.

Objective: To assess the chemical components and toxicity of Artemisia herba-alba (A. herba- alba) essential oil against two major stored cereal pests, Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum) and Trogoderma granarium (T. granarium). Methods: Two bioassay actions were tasted: repellent and fumigant actions against adult and larvae, respectively, to assess the effect of A. herba-alba essential oil. Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analyses of the essential oil contained β-thujone (12.50%), α-thujone (8.78%), sabinyl acetate (8.56%), terpinene-4-ol (8.51%), α-terpineol (3.35%), 1,8-cineol (5.45%), γ-terpene (4.82%), camphor (4.52%), dimethyl- ethylbenzene (3.93%) and α-terpinene (3.35%) as the major components. Fumigant toxicity tests showed that A. herba-alba oil was more toxic than T. granarium (LC50 = 2.09 mg/mL, LC90 = 4.12 mg/mL) and T. castaneum (LC50 = 6.39 mg/mL, LC90 = 10.10 mg/mL). Conclusions: This study has highlighted a bioinsecticide activity of A. herba-alba against two insect pests of stored foodstuffs (T. castaneum and T. granarium). The Artemisia essential oil offers an interesting potential insecticide that could be studied more deeply to isolate and identify the active substances, to study their physiological impact on other insects

Ethnopharmacologic relevance Artemisia herba-alba Asso (“desert wormwood” in English; “armoise blanche” in French; “shaih” in Arabic), is a medicinal and strongly aromatic plant widely used in traditional medicine by many cultures since ancient times. It is used to treat inflammatory disorders (colds, coughing, bronchitis, diarrhea), infectious diseases (skin diseases, scabies, syphilis) and others (diabetes, neuralgias). In Jordanian traditional medicine, this plant is used as antiseptic and against skin diseases, scabies, syphilis, fever as well as menstrual and nervous disorders. Aim of the study Considering the traditional medicinal uses and the lack of scientific studies addressing the cellular and molecular players involved in these biological activities, the present study was designed to unveil the antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of A. herba-alba Asso essential oil at doses devoid of toxicity to mammalian cells. Materials and methods Chemical analysis of A. herba-alba essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from aerial parts was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antifungal activity (minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal lethal concentrations) was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophyte and Aspergillus strains. In order to explore the mechanisms behind the anti-fungal effect of the essential oil, the germ tube inhibition assay was evaluated using Candida albicans . The assessment of cell viability was accomplished using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of A. herba-alba oil at the periphery and central nervous system was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages and microglia, respectively. Results Oxygen-containing monoterpenes are the main compounds of the oil, namely 1,8-cineole (20.1%), β-thujone (25.1%), α-thujone (22.9%) and camphor (10.5%). Among the fungal strains tested, the oil demonstrated potential against Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum , with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MCL) values of 0.32 mg/mL and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC of 0.64 mg/mL. The oil revealed a strong inhibitory effect on germ tube formation in C. albicans with inhibition of filamentation around 90% at a concentration 0.16 mg/mL. Importantly, the essential oil significantly inhibited NO production evoked by LPS without cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 1.25 µL/mL in macrophages and up to 0.32 µL/mL in microglia. Furthermore, evaluation of cell viability in RAW 264.7 macrophages, BW2 microgliacells and HaCaT keratinocytes showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 0.32 μL/mL. Conclusions It was possible to find appropriate doses of A. herba-alba oil with both antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities and without detrimental effects towards several mammalian cell types. These findings add significant information to the pharmacological activity of A. herba-alba essential oil, specifically to its antifungal and anti-inflammatory therapeutic value, thus justifying and reinforcing the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Essential oil (E.O.) of Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (Asteraceae) known as Shih, growing wild in Hermel (Lebanon) was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-Mass spectrometry (MS). The results were α-Pinene (45.89%) followed by Borneol (11.3%), 1,8-Cineole (10.8%), Terpineol (6.45%), Camphene (3.94%), γ-Terpinene (3.2%), α-Terpinene (2.72%), (+)-4-Carene (2.2%). The antimicrobial activities of E.O. from Artemisia herba-alba Asso were evaluated against five bacteria and two fungi strains by disc diffusion method and microdilution method. Among Gram positive bacteria growths, S. aureus was shown to be more sensitive (90 mm) E. faecalis (25 mm). On the other hand, three different Gram negative bacterial strains were tested,S. enteritidis showed maximum zone of inhibition (40 mm), followed by E. coli (26 mm) and P. aeruginosa (25 mm) respectively. Theinhibition zones displayed by fungalstrains tested were40 mm and 30 mm for C. albicansand A. fumigatus, respectively. The results of the study showed an interesting antimicrobial profile which could provide promising pharmaceutical and economic benefits of the potential use of the plant essential oils. The present investigation supported the traditional use of Artemisia herba-alba in the Lebanese folk medicine as an antimicrobial active representative of the genus Artemisia. Artemisia herba-albaextracts should be further studied for their potential use in preventing / treating diseases cited in the traditional Lebanese medicine.

Total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, and flavanols of the methanolic extract of the aerial part of Artemisia herba-alba were determined. The extract was analyzed by liquid chromatography with photodiode array coupled with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and allowed to identify of 10 phenolic compounds. Apigenin-6-C-glycosyl flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids were identified. Chlorogenic acid and 1,4 dicaffeoylquinic acid being the major constituents. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Twenty-three compounds, representing 97.8% of the total oil, were identified. The most abundant components were β-thujone (41.9%), α-thujone (18.4%), and camphor (13.2%). Methanolic extract and essential oil exhibited a considerable antioxidant activity as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-pycrilhydrazil hydrate scavenging activity, reducing power, β-carotene bleaching test, and chelating ability. The methanolic extract was found to be more efficient, whi...

This study characterized the phenolic, aroma compositions, and antioxidant capacities of four Artemisia herba alba accessions collected from north and center regions in Tunisia in order to select valuable origin with optimal bioactive compounds production. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents varied between accessions with maxima contents observed in center regions. Kaempherol, apigenin, naringenin, p-coumaric, trans-cinnamic, and caffeic acids were the most abundant compounds with percentage varying depending on the considered accession. Significant changes on essential oil yields (0.4–1.2%) were found between accessions and three different oil chemotypes were distinguished: camphor, fenchol/α-thujone, and α-thujone/camphor. Cluster analysis of volatile and phenolic compositions grouped the accessions on different groups. Antioxidant activities of extracts were found to be higher than essential oils for the four provenances. The results suggested that the center regions have high potential for sel...