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Objective: To assess the effectiveness and complications of rigid endoscopy (RE) and flexible endoscopy (FE) for the extraction of esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) in adults., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 171 adult patients with the upper esophageal FB impaction treated at Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2008 and December 2012., Results: In the study, 126 patients with the upper esophageal foreign body impaction were treated with RE, while 45 patients received FE. (1)The size of FBs in FE group was the same as RE group(P = 0.495, P = 0.125). (2)The period impacted in the esophagus of RE group (25.8 ± 28.6) h was longer than that of FE group (13.9 ± 14.5) h (P = 0.009). (3)71.4% of the patients in RE and 88.9% in FE group went to hospital for treatment within 24 hours from being impacted, while 15.1% in RE group and 8.9% in FE group were between 24 and 48 hours.13.5% in RE and 2.2% in FE group went to hospital beyond 48 hours.(4)The proportion of FBs puncturing into one or two esophageal walls in RE group (67.5%) was higher than that in FE group (35.6%).(5) The positive rates with the upper gastrointestinal barium contrast and chest X-ray or abdominal plain film were 98.3%,23.6% and 100%,14.3% for diagnosing esophageal FBs in RE and FE groups.(6)The successful rate, complication rate and perforation rate were 100%,38.1% and 6.3%and 95.6%,48.9%,and 2.2% in RE and FE groups, respectively with no statistical difference (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Both RE and FE were effective in the extraction of upper esophageal FBs with no difference in the complication and perforation rates. But FE was cheaper and no need for general anesthesia.

Objective: To analyze the related factors of complications and treatment efficacy with flexible endoscopy for esophageal foreign body (FB)., Methods: In a retrospective study with consecutive data, 101 adults including 52 males and 49 females with esophageal FB impaction between January 2005 and December 2012 admitted into Department of Gastroenterology's Endoscopic Unit at Peking University Third Hospital were included, aged (49 ± 21) years., Results: (1) FB impaction in upper and middle esophagus accounted for 87.1% (n = 88) of all esophageal FBs. No significant difference existed in interval time from impaction to removal of FB impacted between upper, middle and lower esophagus (P > 0.05) . (2) Patients with esophageal FB seeking hospital treatment accounted for 82.2% (n = 83) within 24 h and 99.0% (n = 100) within 48 h. Food lump, fish bone, chicken bone and fruit seeds accounted for 76.2% (n = 77). (3) Positive rates were 91.3% (21/23) and 24.1% (7/29) with upper gastrointestinal barium contrast and chest or abdominal plain film. The success rate was 94.1% (n = 95) with flexible endoscopy for removal of FB. (4) Denture was the most difficult FB for removal. Four patients in all 11 patients with denture impacted were not removed successfully with flexible endoscopy. (5) The complication (except for mild scratch) rate was 48.5% (n = 49) and the perforation rate 3.0% (n = 3) . Whether complications took place or not was independent of age, location of impaction, time from impaction to removal and size of FB (all P > 0.05) , but dependent on piercing into esophageal wall, concomitant with esophageal stricture and types of FB (all P < 0.01) . Whether perforation or not was independent of any above factor., Conclusion: Esophageal FB should be removed as soon as possible within 24 h especially for those with sharp edges and piercing into esophageal wall.