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Phlegmonous gastritis is a rapidly progressive bacterial infection of the stomach wall. It has a high mortality rate and aggressive treatment, either with antibiotics or surgical resection, is required. Here, we report an extremely rare case of phlegmonous gastritis associated with advanced esophageal cancer. A 65-year-old Japanese man was urgently admitted to the hospital due to pyrexia and gastrointestinal symptoms. Abdominal computed tomography revealed widespread diffuse thickening of the gastric wall. On endoscopic examination, an ulcerative mass was detected at the lower thoracic esophagus, and a markedly elevated submucosal lesion was present in the middle of the stomach body. Biopsy specimens taken endoscopically from the esophageal tumor confirmed a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Gastric biopsy cultures were positive for Streptococcus viridans, leading to a diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis associated with esophageal cancer. After the patient's condition improved with preoperative antibiotic administration, we performed a thoracoscopic esophagectomy, a total gastrectomy and a reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract using a pedicled right colon. Histological examination of the resected specimen confirmed that the gastric mass was compatible with a phlegmon.