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By means of glass bottle sampling followed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) technique, the change characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breaths, between before gargling and after gargling, were investigated, respectively, in 41 healthy subjects and 50 esophageal cancer patients. Using an untargeted strategy, 143 VOC chromatographic peaks were enrolled in the statistical analysis. Based on the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), the VOC variations after gargling for each breath test group were obtained according to the combined criteria of variable importance in projection (VIP > 1.5), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P < 0.05), and fold change (FC > 2.0). When gargled, the levels of indole, phenol, 1-propanol, and p-cresol in the breath of healthy people decreased; meanwhile, for esophageal cancer patients, the declined VOCs in breath were indole, phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and p-cresol. Particularly, these substances were previously reported as breath biomarkers in some diseases such as esophageal, gastric, thyroid, breast, oral, and lung cancers, as well as certain non-cancer disorders. The present work indicates that expiratory VOCs involve the prominent oral cavity source, and in the breath biomarkers study, the potential impact that originates from oral volatiles should be considered. In view of the present results, it is also proposed that gargle pretreatment could eliminate possible interference from the oral cavity VOCs that might benefit breath biomarker investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary patterns and symptoms research among Chinese with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its precursor lesions is limited, especially as it relates to multiple food consumption and multiple co-occurring symptoms. The aim of our study was to identify the dietary patterns and severity of symptom classes with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions, and develop a risk prediction model for different stages of esophageal disease.Methods: We analyzed data from a multicenter cross-sectional study carried out in ESCC high incidence areas between 2017 and 2018, which included 34,707 individuals aged 40-69 years. Dietary patterns and severity of symptom classes were derived by applying a latent class analysis (LCA). A multiple logistic regression model was used to derive the odds ratio (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ESCC and the different stages of esophageal disease according to the dietary patterns and severity of symptom classes identified. We built the risk prediction model by using a nomogram.Results: We identified five dietary patterns and three severity of symptom classes. The dietary patterns were classified as follows: "Healthy", "Western", "Lower consumers-combination", "Medium consumers-combination" and "Higher consumers-combination" patterns based on the intake of foods such as red meat, vegetables and fruits. The severity of symptoms was categorized into "Asymptomatic", "Mild symptoms" and "Overt symptoms" classes based on health-related symptoms reported by the participants. Compared to the "Healthy" pattern, the other four patterns were all associated with an increased risk of esophageal disease. Similarly, the other two symptom classes present different degrees of increased risk of esophageal disease compared to the "Asymptomatic". The nomograms reflect the good predictive ability of the model.Conclusion: Among individuals aged 40-69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results supplied that subjects with diets rich in livestock and poultry meat and low in fruits and vegetables and subjects with typical symptoms were at increased ESCC risk. The findings highlight the importance of considering food and symptom combinations in cancer risk evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: This study aimed to estimate the time to precursor progression and to identify significant predicators. Methods: One hundred thirty-three precursor and 311 normal cases detected in a population- based screening were surveyed for 5.5 years. Precursor progression was defined as worsening of dysplasia or development of a new precursor. Time to precursor progression was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Significant predicators were estimated by Cox proportional regression. Results: Of the 133 precursor cases, 33.08% (44/133) progressed or recurred, 30.08% (40/ 133) persisted, and 36.84% (49/133) regressed; of the 311 normal subjects, 13.50% (42/ 311) developed a precursor. Progression occurred significantly earlier and more frequently with ncreasing histology: with mind dysplasia (mD), 7.8% progressed by 1 year and 23.3% progressed by 5 year; with moderate dysplasia (MD), 18% progressed by 1 year and 70% progressed by 5 years; and with severe dysplasia, 50% progressed by 1 year and 100% progressed by 5 years. The difference between any two groups was significant. In addition, the marginal Lugol-stained mucosa at endoscopic mucosal resection had a progressing risk similar to that of MD, and basal cell hyperplasia was similar to that of mD. Significant predicators for precursor progression included male sex (hazard ratio and 95% CI: 2.74 (1.63-4.60)), age over 50 years (2.31 (1.33-4.02)), family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGIC) (1.56 (1.00-2.45)), multifocal dysplasia (5.11 (3.01-8.68)), and baseline histology. Conclusions: Sex, age, family history of UGIC, multifocal dysplasia, and baseline histology are significant independent predicators for precursor progression. Patients after endoscopic mucosal resection should be continuously surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]