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Abstract: The synthesis of peptides containing 0, 1 and 2 cysteine residues related to the human sperm tail protein, tpx-1, is described. These synthetic peptides, following conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin modified with maleimidobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, were used as immunogens to generate polyclonal antibodies in female New Zealand white rabbits. The binding characteristics of the derived antipeptide sera were evaluated using indirect and competitive ELISA procedures. Western immunoblot experiments also confirmed that these synthetic peptide immunogens are able to generate high-titer polyclonal antibodies capable of cross-reacting with the mature tpx-1 protein present in crude rat sperm tail/testis preparations as well as in outer dense fiber preparations. Consequently, these synthetic peptides represent promising candidates for investigations into the role of tpx-1 in the immunoregulation of sperm function in the rat and other mammalian models, with the derived antisera also providing an avenue to explore possible sites of expression of tpx-1 proteins in other tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]