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The formation of metal nanoparticles is one of the most vast and intensifying research areas in favor of prospective applications for the advancement of new technologies. It is a well-founded, significant feature of green chemistry that making marvelous interconnection between nano-biotechnology and microbial biotechnology. In the present research, the aqueous extract of medicinally important plant Coptis Chinensis (in Chinese called "gold thread") was applied for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). The crystalline structure, size, shape and dispersion of Au-NPs were confirmed by using various characterization techniques i.e. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Well dispersed face centered cubic crystalline structures were obtained in the this contribution. The possible phyto-chemicals involved in the reduction and stabilization of Au-NPs were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The prepared NPs were tested against highly drug resistance bacterium Escherichia coli both in light and dark. The results illustrated that the antibacterial efficiency of photo irradiated Au-NPs was several times higher than in dark Au-NPs. The zone of inhibition for irradiated Au-NPs was19 ± 0.5 mm, which was higher than in dark 14 ± 0.4 mm. This high antibacterial activity of photo irradiated Au-NPs are due to the production of reactive oxygen species which is responsible for the inhibition of bacteria., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using Cirsium arvense plant extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent, with superior photo inactivation activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The synthesized AgNPs had crystalline structure and were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, HRTEM, SEM, EDX and FT-IR. The formation of nanoparticles was observed at different pH and different plant extract concentrations and it was found that at higher pH (pH>6) and at lower concentration (10 mL), the reducing and stabilizing efficiency of plant extract was increased. The synthesized AgNPs had small size (<15 nm) and spherical shape. The AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial activity against E. coli. Before transferring it to antibacterial activity, it was placed under visible light for 120 min. The same experiment was performed in dark as a control medium. The photo irradiated AgNPs were observed to be more effective against E. coli. The results showed, that the diameter of zone of inhibition of visible light irradiated AgNPs against E. coli was 23 (±0.5)mm and in dark was 11 (±0.4)mm., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

With the increasing demand for wastewater treatment and multidrug resistance among pathogens, it was necessary to develop an efficient catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. The present study proposes a facile and green strategy for synthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) decorated nickel (Ni) nanomaterials. The synthesized Ni/ZnO nanocomposite displays a high crystallinity and spherical morphology, which was systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, EDX, HRTEM, and XPS techniques. In addition, the bacteriological tests indicated that Ni/ZnO nanocomposite exhibits potent antibacterial activity against human pathogens, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The inhibition zone observed in light and dark conditions for E. coli was 16 (±0.3) mm and 8 (±0.4) mm, respectively, which confirms the high efficacy of the nanocomposite in the presence of light compared to dark conditions. The detailed inhibition mechanism of said bacterium and damage were also studied through fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM analysis, respectively. Evaluation of antioxidant activity based on free radical scavenging activity revealed that the Ni/ZnO nanocomposite effectively scavenges DPPH. In the photocatalytic performance, the Ni/ZnO nanocomposite exhibited a remarkable degradation ability under the optimized condition, which was attributed to their controllable size, high surface area, and exceptional morphology. Good selectivity, high photodegradation, and antibacterial activities and satisfactory hemolytic behavior of the as-prepared nanocomposite make them able to become a potential candidate for superior biological performance and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation presents findings on the synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of CuTiO 3 and Zr/CuTiO 3. These materials were prepared using the hydrothermal technique, with zirconium metal being incorporated onto the CuTiO 3 matrix. A comprehensive investigation of the band gap was conducted. The observed band gaps for Zr/CuTiO 3 and CuTiO 3 was determined to be 2.7 eV and 3.3 eV respectively. This finding implies that Zr/CuTiO 3 exhibits enhanced electron mobility capabilities. The experiment involved subjecting the synthesized nanocomposite to a degradation analysis of Alizarin dye. Remarkably, the nanocomposite exhibited impressive degradation efficiency, with nearly 99 % of the dye being decomposed under the influence of light. The Zr/CuTiO 3 nanostructure exhibited remarkable antibacterial efficacy, as evidenced by its ability to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and E. coli with a diameter of 19±0.4 mm and 16±0.3 mm respectively under light conditions and 14±0.2 mm and 10±0.4 mm under dark conditions respectively. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new compounds "Viburnoate A–C" and two known compounds, namely, 4, 4-dimethyl-hexan-3-ol (1) and 4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid isobutyl ester (2), were isolated from ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of medicinally important plant Viburnum grandiflorum. These compounds were isolated from the plant material by chromatographic techniques and then characterized using mass spectrometry, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The study indicated Viburnoate A–C as new compounds. Viburnoate A, Viburnoate C, and isobutyl 4-(tert-butyl) benzoate are aromatic esters, while Viburnoate B and 4, 4-dimethylhexanol are aromatic aldehyde and alcohol, respectively. The isolated compounds were tested against bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus). The inhibition zones of Viburnoate A–C compounds against E. coli were 9 (±0.2), 11 (±0.4), 9 (±0.4) mm and those against S. aureus were 13 (±0.3), 16 (±0.2), 15 (±0.3) mm, respectively. The results indicated that Viburnoate B exhibited highest inhibition activity against both bacteria, which might be due to less crowded oxygen species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bio-compatible AgNPs were synthesized via Carissa opaca leaves extract. • The eco-friendly green prepared AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria. • AgNPs showed excellent antioxidant and photocatalytic activities. • The said nanoparticles exhibited very weak hemolytic activity. In this modern era, the bacterial resistance towards the newly synthesized drugs is also the keen interest area for the researcher to meet the demands of social people. The plant based green synthesis of nanomaterials attracted tremendous research attention over chemical methods due to their simplicity and ecofriendly and cost effectiveness. The present study was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Carissa opaca leaves extract as a capping and reducing agent. The leaf extract has been significantly improved the production of non-toxic AgNPs, due to the presence of various phytochemical and biomedical compounds that are beneficial for catalytic and biological applications. The structure, morphology, elemental composition and size of as synthesized AgNPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Additionally, the Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to identify the functional groups, which might be responsible for the synthesis of AgNPs. The sharp band at 448 nm were observed for UV analysis which confirms the formation of AgNPs. Due to high surface area, controllable size and exceptional morphology, the AgNPs has demonstrated its efficient ability to degrade 97% of MB in 50 min under the presence of visible light irradiation. Additionally, AgNPs showed potential antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) with inhibition zone of 20(±0.8 mm) and 24(±0.5 mm), respectively. Moreover, the biogenic AgNPs possessed better antioxidant activity to effectively scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Interestingly, the cytotoxicity study revealed that AgNPs is nontoxic to ordinary healthy Red blood cells (RBCs). The results suggest that synthesis of AgNPs was a cost effective, green approach and might be a potential candidate for the biomedical and photocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers are continuously in searching of inspecting new and exclusive technique and materials to manipulate with environmental circumstances and human life. In the present work Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 porous nanomatrials were synthesized by new eco-friendly method. The Triton X-100 and green surfactants were utilized as reducing and structure directing agents. Firstly Zr–Fe 2 O 3 was synthesized at different optimized conditions i.e. pH, Temperature and extract concentrations. The results show that the spherical shape and small size of Zr–Fe 2 O 3 was obtained at pH = 9, 50 °C temperature and 20 mL plant extract. The porous nanocomposite was obtained by the treatment of Zr–Fe 2 O 3 with indium oxide. The results also indicated that Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 nanomaterial is crystalline in nature and have high surface area. The synthesized Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 nanomaterial was used as a photocatalyst against methylene blue. The irradiation time analysis showed that photo degradation of MB was a rapid process and decomposed 98% in 40 min. The said nanocomposite was also worked as good antibacterial agent and inhibits E. coli and S. aureus. The inhibition zone of the said porous composite in light was 17 (±0.4) against E. coli and 22 (±0.2) against S. aureus. The detail mechanism of action of the synthesized nanomaterial was also studied. The Zr–Fe 2 O 3 @In 2 O 3 also shows promising DPPH scavenging activity. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of new active nanomaterial Zr–Fe 2 O 3 /In 2 O 3. • Photo inhibition of Bacteria was studied. • MB degradation was studied. • DPPH scavenging activity was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research studies show the multidimensional characteristics of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO nanostructures for photocatalytic degradation of bromothymol blue (BTB), Congo red (CR) and photoinhibition of E. coli and S. aureus. A new solvothermal protocol was applied for the synthesis of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO nanomaterial. Important analytical techniques were applied for the characterization of the said nanomaterials. When allowed to visible light, the said nanostructure demonstrated excellent photocatalytic degradation of both the said dyes. The findings revealed that almost 99 % of both dyes were eliminated in just 30 min. In the absence of light, there was less than 60 % decline in both dyes even after 100 min. The ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO was tested multiple times against the said dyes, and after seven cycles, its efficiency was reduced by only 15 %. Moreover, the nanostructures exhibited promising antibacterial properties by inducing photoinhibition of both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The inhibition zones of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO under visible light irradiation were measured to be approximately 17 ± 0.2 mm against E. coli and 19 ± 0.3 mm against S. aureus. These nanostructures effectively impeded bacterial growth and viability, underscoring their potential for applications in water disinfection and as antibacterial coatings. They are promising options for a variety of applications, especially as catalysts in many industries, due to their non-toxic nature and thermal stability. This work presents fascinating avenues for further investigation into the application of nanocomposites in healthcare and environmental preservation. [Display omitted] • Surfactants mediated new photoactive ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO nanostructures • Simple hydrothermal and surfactant protocols were applied for the synthesis of the said material. • Examination of Antibacterial activity of ZnCe/Bi 2 Mn 2 O 6 /rGO both in light and dark. • Detail mechanism was experimentally studied i.e formation of ROS in bacteria • Studied the Degradation of Congo red and bromo thymol blue dyes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic and biomedical applications of TiO 2 NPs. [Display omitted] • An Eco-benign synthesis of novel TiO 2 nanoparticles using Coronopus didymus leaf extract as reducing and capping agent. • TiO 2 nanoparticles have efficient photocatalytic activity in terms of photocatalytic degradation of methylene Orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. • TiO 2 nanoparticles has significant antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria (i.e. S. aureus and E. coli). • Toxicity against Red Blood Cells. Clean water is a global challenge and several conventional procedures are accompanied with a number of drawbacks. As a result, new materials and methods must be introduced to address the issue of water purification. The current study presents a green as well as facile approach for synthesizing TiO 2 NPs using leaf extract Coronopus didymus for the first time, which could be used as a photocatalysts. Different microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, HRTEM, DLS, BET, SEM, SAED and EDX were used to confirm the formation, size, shape, and crystalline structure of the biosynthesized TiO 2 NPs. The as synthesized TiO 2 NPs were examined for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The results showed that biogenic TiO 2 NPs exhibited remarkable photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards MO (95%) and MB (90%) only in 30 min of irradiations respectively. The biomediated TiO 2 NPs were also screened for bacterial inhibition efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. The cytotoxicity study revealed that TiO 2 NPs are nontoxic to ordinary healthy RBCs. These exceptional antibacterial and photocatalytic activities may be due to their nanosize and wide ranging surface area of TiO 2 NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical representation of the antibacterial activity and Dyes degradation. [Display omitted] • Surfactants mediated new active V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 nanostructures. • A simple hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detail mechanism was studied. • Degradation of Alizarin red and bromo thymol blue dyes were studied. In this research, we examine the multifunctional capabilities of V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 nanostructures in the context of photocatalytic degradation of alizarine red and bromothymol blue and photoinhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. For photocatalytic capabilities, the V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 nanostructures displayed remarkable competence in the degradation of organic dyes, such as AR and BTB, under Visible light irradiation. The results showed that more than 95 % of both the dyes were degraded in only 50 min. In dark conditions less than 50 % degradation was observed for both the dyes in 150 min. Furthermore, the nanostructures established hopeful antibacterial properties through the photoinhibition of both E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. The zone of inhibition of V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 under visible irradiation against E. coli and S. aureus was (18 ± 0.3 mm) and (22 ± 0.2 mm) respectively. The nanostructures effectively blocked bacterial growth and viability, highlighting their capability for applications in water disinfection and of V 2 O 5 /CuCr 2 O 4 /MCM-41 antibacterial coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical representation of the synthesis, Characterization and applications of A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanocomposite. [Display omitted] • A novel A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was synthesized by hydrothermal method. • Novel hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detailed mechanism was studied. • Degradation of eriochrome black and bromothymol blue was studied. An important potential threat for both individuals, as well as the environment, is organic pollution and microbes in water from waste. Numerous industries, such as paper, food processing, cosmetics, plastics, textile, and others, need a lot of colors. Dyes discharged into water bodies have caused several problems for human beings because dyes are not biodegradable. The apparent and unattractive extremely small dye concentration (1 mg/L) also significantly influences a water body. In a manner analogous to this, healthcare-related infections in hospitals have a significant cost impact on healthcare systems. Drug-resistant or multi-drug-resistant microorganisms are the main causes of nosocomial infections. The creation of novel antibacterial materials has proven to be one of the largest challenges in the development of a new technique for preventing the spread of ailments associated with healthcare. To get around these obstacles, it is therefore desirable to come up with new techniques and materials. A unique hydrothermally produced mesoporous CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure was created in this context. Additionally, Ag was deposited to create the CuO/MCM-41 nanostructure, and Adenosine 5-monophosphate monohydrate (A-5-MM) was used to functionalize it. Additionally, incredible photocatalytic activity was achieved under visible light irradiation by rapidly degrading eriochrome black (EB) and bromothymol blue (BTB) dyes. More than 80% of the said dyes were degraded in 60 min. The said result was much lower in dark condition. Furthermore, it was discovered that the A-5-MM-Ag/CuO/MCM-41 nanomaterials exhibited notable antibacterial activity in light against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), with respective zones of inhibition of 17 ± 0.2 mm, and 21 ± 0.3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purified water is the most concerning issue these days, and utmost conventional practices are allied with various downsides. Therefore, an ecologically benign and easily amicable therapeutic approach is the requirement. In this wonder, nanometer phenomena bring an innovative change to the material world. It has the potential to produce nanosized materials for wide-ranging applications. The subsequent research highlights the synthesis of Ag/Mn–ZnO nanomaterial via a one-pot hydrothermal route with an efficient photocatalytic activity against organic dyes and bacteria. The outcomes revealed that the size of the particle (4–5 nm) and dispersion of spherically shaped silver nanoparticles intensely affected by employing Mn–ZnO as a support material. Use of silver NPs as a dopant activates the active sites of the support medium and provides a higher surface area to upsurge the degradation rate. The synthesized nanomaterial was evaluated against photocatalytic activity using Methyl orange and alizarin red as model dyes and confided that more than 70% of both the dyes degraded under 100 min duration. It is well recognize that the modified nanomaterial recreates an essential role in every light-based reaction, and virtually produced highly reactive oxygen species. The synthesized nanomaterial was also evaluated against E. coli bacterium both in light and dark. The zone of inhibition in the presence of Ag/Mn–ZnO was observed both in light (18 ± 0.2 mm) and dark (12 ± 0.4 mm). The hemolytic activity shows that Ag/Mn–ZnO has very low toxicity. Hence, the prepared Ag/Mn–ZnO nanomaterial might be an effective tool against the depletion of further harmful environmental pollutants and microbes. [Display omitted] • Biotemplate mediated new active nanomaterial Ag/Mn–ZnO. • Novel hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detail mechanism was studied. • Degradation of Alizarin red and methyl orange were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increase in the bacterial resistance to available antibiotics and water contamination by different toxic organic dyes are both severe problems throughout the world. To overcome these concerns, new methodologies including synthesis of nontoxic, human friendly and efficient nanoparticles is required. These nanoparticles not even inhibit the growth of microorganisms but are also effective in the degradation of toxic organics in waste water thus providing a clean and human friendly environment. The use of plants extracts to synthesize and stabilize noble metal nanoparticles have been considered as safe, cost-effective, eco-benign and green approach nowadays. In the present study, Longan fruit juice proficiently reduced ionic gold (Au + 3 ) to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as mediated the stabilization of AuNPs. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was carried out against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method, followed by the determination of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. AuNPs were found to have significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with MIC values of 75 μg/ml while outstanding MIC values of 50 μg/ml against Staphylococcus areous and Basilus subtilus . AuNPs revealed significant photocatalytic degradation (76%) of methylene blue in time period of 55 min, indicating the effective photocatalytic property of biosynthesized AuNPs (K = 0.29/min, r 2 = 0.95). The considerable antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of the photosynthesized AuNPs can be attributed towards their small size, spherical morphology and uniform dispersion. Our finding suggests the possible therapeutic potential of biogenic AuNPs in the development of new antibacterial agents as well as in the development of effective photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of new active nanomaterials ZnO and Fe 2 O 3. • Tavernier glabra extract was used as structure directing agent. • Novel green protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was tested for the inhibition of microbes and antioxidant activities. Tavernier glabra is a local medicinal plant used as folk medicine. In Current study, Fe 2 O 3 and ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by iron and zinc metal reductions by using biogenic methods from an aqueous extract of T. glabra. The Fe 2 O 3 NPs and ZnO NPs were characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The biosynthesis of Fe 2 O 3 NPs and ZnO NPs were further confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance peak at 368 and 288 nm respectively in the UV/Visible spectrum. Fourier transform infrared also proven the biomolecules acting as capping agents on Fe 2 O 3 NPs and ZnO NPs in the range of 400–4000 cm−1. The synthesized nanoparticles have a good antimicrobial activity against five fungal strains (A. niger, A. flavus, C. albicans, C. glabrata, M. canis) and five bacterial strains including two Gram-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus) and three Gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. flexneri) bacteria. The antioxidant effects of ZnO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs, were confirmed by DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals. The ZnO NPs and Fe2O3 NPs had prominent scavenging effects against DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radicals with IC 50 values of 68.02 ± 0.03 and 74.02 ± 0.16 μg/mL, 32.07 ± 0.21 and38.12 ± 0.03, 64.02 ± 0.0.04 and 78.01 ± 0.07 respectively, as compare to standard. The ZnO NPs and Fe 2 O 3 NPs exhibited strong antileishmanial activities with IC 50 = 76.3 ± 2.08 and 90.4 ± 1.031, but comparatively, have low activities than the antileishmanial drug miltefosine (8.21 ± 0.07) against Leishmanial promastigotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Biotemplate mediated new active nanomaterial AgSnO 2 /Nb 2 O 5 -SiO 2. • Novel green hydrothermal protocol was applied. • The said nanostructure was applied for the photo inhibition of Bacteria. • Detail mechanism was studied. • Degradation of Alizarin red was studied. Pathogenic microbes and alizarin red being considered as toxic and harmful for human as well as aquatic life and its water contamination can lead to different sorts of diseases. Present study focuses on the synthesis of Ag/SnO 2 /Nb 2 O 5 -SiO 2 by new green hydrothermal protocol. UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, HRTEM, SEM, EDX, B.E.T and XPS techniques helped in the determination of reaction completion, different optimized conditions, composition, morphology, geometry and average size of the synthesized Ag/SnO 2 /Nb 2 O 5 -SiO 2 nanocomposites. The degradation of alizarin red dye was tested in order to investigate the photocatalytic activity of Ag/SnO 2 /Nb 2 O 5 -SiO 2 nanocomposite. In a batch reaction system in the presence of fluorescent light photocatalytic experiment was performed. It was verified that at high concentration of dye the photocatalyst degradation ability was affected but increasing the photocatalyst amount helped in the enhancement of dye degradation. Scavenger test verified gave information about the degradation mechanism. The results showed that 99 % dye was degraded in only 20 min. The synthesized nanomaterial was also tested for photoinhibition of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The result shows that the synthesized material has high efficiency against B. subtilis (17 (±0.03) mm) and E. coli (15 (±0.05)). The production of ROS was also examined in the presence of light and nanomaterial. It was also come to know that by combination of these metals and metal oxides helped in the improvement of photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water purification is a universal challenge and a global issue and most conventional approaches have several limitations. Therefore, new approaches must be introduced to address the challenges regarding water purification. In this contribution, a hydrothermal-assisted eco-benign protocol was followed for synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (β-gal-TiO 2 NPs) using a novel β-galactosidase isolated from the seed extract of Melilots indica as stabilizing and reducing agent. technique Various physicochemical characterizations techniques examined the synthesis, crystalline structure, and surface morphology of the nanoparticles. The synthesized β-gal-TiO 2 NPs were inspected for the photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) and photoinhibition of bacteria. The results showed that β-gal-TiO 2 NPs degraded 98% of MB under irradiation for only 60 min, exhibiting remarkable photocatalytic activity. Similarly, β-gal-TiO 2 NPs displayed considerable antibacterial activity towards E. coli and S. aureus both in the presence and absence of light. The inhibition zones of irradiated β-gal-TiO 2 NPs against E. coli and S. aureus were 23 mm and 19 mm, respectively significantly higher than in the dark. Moreover, β-gal-TiO 2 NPs showed considerable antioxidant activity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) effectively. Therefore, results demonstrated that eco-friendly synthesized β-gal-TiO 2 NPs have great potential for bacterial pathogen remediation and MB degradation. Hydrothermal assisted eco-benign synthesis of β-gal-TiO 2 NPs with their photocatalytic and biomedical applications. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of novel β-gal-TiO 2 NPs through an eco-benign procedure by using β-galactosidase of M. indica seeds extract. • β-gal-TiO 2 NPs have significant antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacteria (i.e E.coli and S. aureus). • Detailed mechanistic study of the methylene blue degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]