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The relationship between serum Mg and blood cell counts in Chinese adult diabetes or central obesity was assessed by investigating 8163 subjects with China Health and Nutrition Survey (mean age 59⋅6 years, 54⋅9 % men). Participants were classified according to blood Mg (below 0⋅65 mmol/l, or 0⋅66-0⋅94 mmol/l or above 0⋅95 mmol/l), type 2 diabetes (yes/no) and central obesity (yes/no). Leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets (PLT), Hb and glycated Hb (HbA1c) were determined using standardised methods and conditions. HbAc1, leucocytes and PLT were significantly higher among subjects with central obesity than without central obesity (P < 0⋅05). A significant increase for Hb, erythrocytes, PLT, but not leucocytes, across progressive Mg groups was observed in subjects without diabetes (P < 0⋅05). Hb, erythrocytes and HbAc1 were significantly higher among subjects with higher Mg than in subjects with lower Mg with diabetes (P < 0⋅05). Central obesity disturbed the positive association between PLT count and serum Mg. Type 2 diabetes caused metabolism disorder in serum Mg, blood sugar and blood cell count. Hb, erythrocytes and PLT, but not leucocytes, are positively correlated with serum Mg, but this association is somehow disturbed by type 2 diabetes or central obesity.

Background and Aim Method(s) Results Conclusion(s) Observational studies have shown that there is a connection between blood biomarkers and the occurrence of acute pancreatitis (AP). Nevertheless, the causal relationships are still not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate causal association between biomarkers and AP.A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to investigate the causal association between blood biomarkers and AP. Summary statistics obtained from genome‐wide association studies were utilized for this analysis. The primary statistical approach employed was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, complemented by sensitivity analyses aimed at assessing heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Furthermore, a multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was performed to adjust for confounders.A total of 11 red blood cell (RBC) traits, 6 white blood cell traits, platelet count, and 30 blood biomarkers were analyzed in this study. Genetically predicted RBC count (IVW odds ratio [OR] = 1.144, P = 0.004), the high light scatter reticulocyte count (HLSR) (OR = 1.127, P = 0.022), blood glucose (BG) (OR = 1.480, P = 0.019), and leptin (OR = 1.234, P = 0.050) were suggestively associated with an increased risk of AP. Reverse MR analysis showed no causal effect of AP on RBC, HLSR, BG, and leptin (IVW P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses and MVMR analysis still supported the earlier causality.Our findings provide evidence of a suggestive association between RBC count, HLSR, BG, and leptin with an increased susceptibility to AP. These findings aid in our comprehension of the cause of AP and may be used as potential prognostic markers or predictors of severity with AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol F (BPF) is an emerging contaminant extensively used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries, exerting deleterious effects on human and wildlife health. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the toxicity induced by BPF in rohu Labeo rohita using multiple biomarkers such as oxidative stress, activity of antioxidant enzymes, biochemical parameters, histology, and genotoxicity. Fish were separated into four groups (T1–T4). Group T1 served as a control (0 μg/L), while Groups T2, T3, and T4 were exposed to BPF concentrations of 600 μg/L, 1200 μg/L, and 1800 μg/L, respectively, for 21 days. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in oxidative biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] and reactive oxygen species [ROS]), while the concentration of antioxidant biomarkers (peroxidase [POD], superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH], and catalase) was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with the rising concentration of BPF in the liver, gills, and kidney of fish. Significant reduction (p < 0.05) in biochemical parameters was measured from collected whole blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), mean corpuscular HGB (MCH), MC volume (MCV), hematocrit (HCT), MC HGB concentration (MCHC), platelets, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), total proteins, very LDL (VLDL), albumin and globulin, while white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood glucose, and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were increased significantly (p < 0.05). Comet assay showed the DNA damage potential of BPF in erythrocytes. Histological examination showed that exposure to BPF causes several degenerative effects in the soft tissues (gills, liver, and kidney) of treated fish. It is concluded that BPF induces deleterious effects via disruptions in histological, genotoxic, and biochemical alterations in several organs of exposed fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses cases of spurious lymphocyte differential counts caused by the presence of target cells in automated hematology analyzers. The study highlights discrepancies between different analyzers and manual counts, with target cells identified in all cases. The presence of unlysed target cells interfered with the differential analysis, leading to inaccurate results. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding analyzer technology to identify and address spurious results effectively. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is one of the most frequently used orthobiologic products for the injection treatment of patients affected by knee osteoarthritis (OA). Some preliminary evidence supports the influence of platelet concentration on patients' clinical outcomes. Purpose: To analyze if platelet concentration can influence the safety and clinical efficacy of PRP injections for the treatment of patients with knee OA. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study consisted of 253 patients with knee OA (142 men, 111 women; mean ± SD age, 54.8 ± 11.4 years; Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1-3) who were treated with 3 intra-articular injections of 5 mL of autologous leukocyte-rich or leukocyte-poor PRP. All patients were prospectively evaluated at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 months. Patients were clinically assessed thorough the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective score. Platelet concentration was correlated with clinical outcome. Further analysis was performed by stratifying patients into 3 groups (homogeneous for OA severity) based on platelet concentration (high, medium, and low). All complications and adverse events were reported, as well as failures. Results: An overall statistically significant improvement in all clinical scores was documented from baseline to each follow-up evaluation. Platelet concentration positively correlated with clinical outcome. KOOS Pain improved more with higher platelet concentration at 2 months (P =.036; rho = 0.132), 6 months (P =.009; rho = 0.165), and 12 months (P =.014; rho = 0.155). The same trend was shown by the other KOOS subscales and by the IKDC Subjective score, as well as by the comparison of the groups of high-, medium-, and low-platelet PRP. The highest failure rate (15.0%) was found in the low-platelet group as compared with the medium-platelet group (3.3%) and the high-platelet group (3.3%). No differences were observed among the 3 groups in terms of adverse events. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that platelet concentration influences the clinical outcome of PRP injections in knee OA treatment. PRP with a higher platelet concentration provides a lower failure rate and higher clinical improvement as compared with PRP with a lower platelet concentration, with overall better results up to 12 months of follow-up in patients with knee OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oral acute and subchronic toxicities of Ziziphus jujuba were evaluated in rats. • No major signs of toxicity were observed in the liver and kidney. • Repeated oral administration is safe at up to 1000 mg kg-1 bw over a 28-day period. • Ziziphus jujuba bark is relatively safe at lower dose. Ziziphus jujuba is a medicinal botanical with various pharmacological properties against cardiovascular diseases, respiratory system diseases, gastrointestinal problems, dysentery, and diarrhea. Despite its exhaustive use for medicinal aims, no study has yet been directed to evaluate this plant's potentially toxic profile. The present work focused on the acute and subchronic toxicity of Z. jujuba bark extract. The acute oral toxicity was performed using the OECD guideline 425; Z. jujuba bark extract was administered to female rats at a single dose of 5000 mg kg-1 body weight. The subchronic acute oral toxicity was carried out according to OECD guidelines 407; Z. jujuba bark extract was administered to male and female rats at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg-1 bw; after 28 days of Z. jujuba bark extract daily administration, the animals were sacrificed. Hematological parameters, serum and urinary biochemical parameters, and histological sections of the liver and kidneys were assessed. Administration of the single-oral dose of Z. jujuba bark methanolic extract did not cause any death in rats, and the LD 50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg kg-1 bw. The repeated administration of Z. jujuba bark methanolic extract at 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg-1 bw did not induce any significant perturbation of the white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets in rats as compared to the controls. For the lipid parameters, namely triglycerides and cholesterol, no significant difference was recorded between the profiles of the treated and untreated groups of animals. Likewise, we registered non-significant changes in renal parameters such as creatinine, urea, and proteins; this was confirmed by the histological sections, which showed a normal kidney structure. Besides, we did not observe any significant modification in the values of liver parameters, ALT and AST. This finding was further confirmed by the histological examination of the liver, which revealed the organ's normal structure. Finally, for single-oral administration, Z. jujuba bark extract is almost non-toxic. For repeated oral administration, Z. jujuba bark extract is safe at doses up to 1000 mg kg-1 bw over a 28-day period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even in the current era of hematology analyzer automation and peripheral equipment, quality control sample measurement remains a manual task, leading to variability in quality control data and increased workload. In this study, we evaluated the performance of quality control measurement using the BT-50 Transportation Unit (BT-50, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), equipped with a scheduled automatic quality control function, to ensure measurement accuracy and streamline the workflow of hematology testing. We evaluated the automatic measurement performance of quality control samples using the BT-50 for six representative blood test parameters: WBC (white blood cell), RBC (red blood cell), HGB (hemoglobin), HCT (hematocrit), PLT (platelet), and RET% (reticulocyte percent). We evaluated the equivalence and compared measurement accuracy between the BT-50 and the manual method. We then compared the variability to other laboratories and confirmed the stability of quality control samples. We also evaluated changes in workflow and staff resources before and after the introduction of the BT-50. The quality control measurement results for the BT-50 and the manual method were found to be equivalent for all six parameters. The variability measured by the BT-50 was lower for some parameters compared to the manual method. Furthermore, the workflow was streamlined by reducing manual processes, resulting in increased efficiency. We confirmed the performance of quality control measurements using the schedule function of the BT-50. Introducing the BT-50 reduced the operator's workload, improved operational efficiency, and promoted the standardization of quality control measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to establish the reference intervals for complete blood count (CBC) in healthy adults at very high altitudes. Methods: This study recruited 4,863 healthy adults (3,598 males and 1,265 females) who received routine health check-ups at Ali District People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 through the LIS system. CBC was detected by the XT-4000i automatic cell analyzer and statistically analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software (between-groups comparison, diagnostic concordance comparison). In addition, 20 health check samples were collected in 2022 to validate the established reference intervals. Results: The CBC count showed a non-normal distribution in each item separately. The white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH), monocyte (MONO), eosinophil (EO), basophil (BASO), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin content (MCH), and mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels of healthy adults were significantly different from the national clinical reference range (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between males and females in RBC, HGB, and HCT levels (p < 0.05). The new reference intervals were less consistent with the expert consensus CBC reference intervals (p < 0.05). Compared with the other reference intervals, the diagnostic value of the reference screening interval established was significantly higher in this study (p < 0.05). The reference range established is verified by 20 independent samples from 2022, and the results are acceptable. Conclusion: This study preliminarily established reference intervals for complete blood counts of healthy adults at high altitudes in the Ali region of Tibet to provide a reference point for understanding routine blood markers in permanent residents of high-altitude environments and illustrate the need for regular establishment of laboratory reference intervals on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aquaculture, interest in natural essential oils is increasing alongside synthetic anesthetic agents. In this context, the anesthetic efficacy of nutmeg essential oil, which had not been previously tested, was investigated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The study, conducted using three different concentrations (800 µL/L "LC", 1,200 µL/L "MC", and 1,400 µL/L "HC"), found that induction times were <3min for MC and HC, while LC had a longer induction time, exceeding acceptable levels. Within the first 4 h, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels increased to >5 103/µL, >1 106/µL, >6 g/dL, and >12%, respectively. However, they returned to control levels after 8 h. Histological signs were more severe with higher concentrations, and necrosis was only observed in the HC group. Alkaline comet assay results showed DNA migration only in the HC group. According to the PROMETHEE multi-criteria decision-making model, the LC concentration is suitable for sedation, while the MC concentration should be used for deep anesthesia. The current study demonstrates that nutmeg essential oil can be used as an alternative to commercial synthetic anesthetic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Predicting long-term survival in intensive care unit patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is crucial. This study aimed to develop a platelet-to-white blood cell ratio (PWR) incorporated nomogram for long-term survival prediction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,728 ICH patients in the MIMIC-IV 2.2 database. The independent prognostic value of PWR for 1- year mortality was assessed. A nomogram was developed using LASSO and Cox regression to predict 1-year survival, incorporating PWR and other factors. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated through calibration curves, area under the curve, Delong test, net reclassification index, integrated discrimination improvement, and decision curve analysis. Results: The nomogram, which included age, weight, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, mechanical ventilation, glucose, red blood cell (RBC) count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and PWR, showed good predictive performance for 1-year survival. The C-index was 0.736 (95% CI = 0.716--0.756) for the training set and 0.766 (95% CI = 0.735--0.797) for the testing set. Higher age and ventilation increased mortality risk, while higher weight, GCS score, RBC count, and PWR decreased risk. The nomogram outperformed conventional scores. Conclusions: A nomogramincorporating PWR as a prognostic factor accurately predicts long-term survival in ICH patients. However, validation in large-scale multicenter studies and further exploration of biomarkers are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to assess the role of nano-zinc oxide in mitigating the deleterious effects of heat stress in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) by evaluating parameters such as aggressive behavior (biting frequency and chasing duration), hematological indicators, and stress-related biochemical markers. A total of 96 catfish were divided into four distinct groups (24 fish/group): The first group (CON) served as the control group, receiving a diet free of nano-zinc oxide. The second group (HS) was exposed to heat stress at 35 °C ± 1 °C. The third group (ZN) was fed a diet containing nano-zinc oxide at 30 mg/kg of the diet, and the fourth group (ZHN) was exposed to heat stress (35 °C ± 1 °C) and fed a diet containing nano-zinc oxide at 30 mg/kg of the diet. The results clarified that the aggressive behavior and cortisol levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the HS group compared to the CON and ZHN groups. Additionally, the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the HS group compared to the CON and ZHN groups. Meanwhile, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cells, alkaline phosphatase, and lymphocytes, was observed in fish belonging to the HS group, while the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, neutrophils, and monocytes showed a significant increase (P < 0.05). Supplementation with nano-zinc oxide significantly recovered most hematological and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, nano-zinc oxide contributed significantly to the regulation of the negative impacts of heat stress on fish by reducing aggressive behavior and cortisol levels. Additionally, it improved the levels of AChE and certain hematological and biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the reconsideration of leukoreduction of whole blood for patients facing life-threatening hemorrhage, particularly in trauma centers and military blood programs. It examines the benefits and limitations of leukoreduction in reducing febrile reactions, CMV transmission, and HLA alloimmunization, as well as the operational challenges and benefits. The text also compares the use of leukoreduced (LR) and non-LR whole blood for transfusion purposes, highlighting cost implications, shelf life differences, and the need for further clinical trials to determine effects on patient outcomes. The article underscores the importance of carefully weighing the potential benefits and risks of using LR versus non-LR whole blood in clinical decision-making for patients with major bleeding. [Extracted from the article]

Background Study Design and Methods Results Discussion With chronic transfusion in sickle cell disease (SCD), equipoise exists regarding whether increasing the post‐procedure hematocrit (Hct) suppresses endogenous erythropoiesis. Reticulocytosis predicts SCD morbidity and mortality, so this study's objective was to clarify the role of the post‐procedure Hct in suppressing reticulocytosis and to identify other potential red cell exchange (RCE) parameters predictive of reticulocytosis.This retrospective analysis of 17 patients who underwent chronic RCE at a single institution between 2014 and 2022 examined both standard red cell exchanges (SRCE) and exchanges preceded by isovolemic hemodilution (IVH‐RCE). Post‐procedure parameters with biologic plausibility to influence the subsequent procedure's absolute reticulocyte count (sPre‐ARC) were examined using regression modeling.Neither post‐hematocrit, nor post‐hemoglobin (Hb), nor ΔHb/day was associated with sPre‐ARC or the change in HbS% per day (ΔHbS%/day). Concurrent Hb was predictive for SRCE but not IVH‐RCE, where ARC trended lower than with SRCE. Male gender and post‐procedure neutrophil and white cell counts were predictors of sPre‐ARC, consistent with their associations with SCD morbidity and mortality. IVH‐RCE had a stronger correlation than standard RCE between pre‐Hct and neutrophil or white cell depletion.Although targeting a post‐procedure Hct maintains a higher subsequent pre‐procedure Hb and a lower sPre‐HbS%, it does not lead to sustained suppression of reticulocytosis as measured by the sPre‐ARC or the ΔHbS%/day. IVH‐RCE or the addition of hydroxyurea could be considered in those patients with high reticulocyte, white blood cell, or neutrophil counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document examines the clonal dynamics of advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) and associated acute myeloid leukemia (ASM-AHN) in patients receiving avapritinib therapy. The study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing to analyze genetic and cellular changes before and after treatment. The findings indicate that avapritinib targets different subclones and cellular compartments based on the position of the KITD816V driver mutation. The study suggests that a combination of avapritinib and hypomethylating agents may be effective in addressing the entire malignant network and promoting normal hematopoiesis in AdvSM. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT The present study was carried out to isolate, identify, and characterize bacterial probiotic strain from the gut of Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass carp) and then to study its effect on growth, digestive enzymes and immunity of Labeo rohita fingerlings. A total of 6 gram‐positive bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus spp. (3), Bacillus spp. (2) and Staphylococcus spp. (1), were identified biochemically. Based on the biochemical results, the isolate GCLP4 was selected for molecular confirmation and BLAST analysis showed maximum homology with Lactobacillus plantarum (100% ident). Fish were fed for 60 days with diet containing 0 (T0), 105 (T1), 107 (T2), 109 (T3) cfu/g diet of L. plantarum GCLP4 and 105 (T4) of commercial probiotics. Results shows that supplementation of GCLP4 had significantly (p < 0.05) improve weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of L. rohita with better values in T3 group. The immunological parameters (white blood cell, red blood cell, haemoglobin, total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly higher (p < 0.05) with 107 and 109 Lactobacillus GCLP4 cfu/g diet. The digestive enzyme activities (protease, amylase and lipase) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, particularly, with 109 Lactobacillus GCLP4 cfu/g of diet. All the groups supplemented with GCLP4 including the commercial probiotics have lower (p < 0.05) activities of serum transaminase enzymes along with lower (p < 0.005) level of glucose as compared to the control group. The results of the study collectively suggest that dietary L. plantarum GCLP4 at 109 cfu/g is an effective probiotic obtained from grass carp having potency to promote growth, digestive enzymes and immune‐biochemical indices of L. rohita fingerlings in present culture condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article recommends a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a square hollow core sensor for detecting blood cells effectively. To achieve improved relative sensitivity with low confinement loss (CL), the suggested PCF has been explored in the terahertz (THz) band from 2.0 to 4.0 THz. The Full-Vectorial Finite Element Method (FV-FEM) is used to solve the electromagnetic formula and perform numerical computations on the structure in the THz frequency range domain. At optimal frequency f = 3.2 THz, considerable variations in the relative sensitivity of 91.38%, 92.25%, 93.20%, and 95.48% for glucose, plasma, white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) are revealed. At 3.2 THz, the PCF sensor has a relative sensitivity of 95.5% and CL of 2.3698 × 10−08 dB/m. Furthermore, the photonic crystal fiber has an effective area of 2.9435 × 10−08 m2, a very small EML of 0.00803 cm−1, and a spot size of 1.6626 × 10−04 µm. The relatively small confinement loss (CL), excellent effective mode area, and substantial sensitivity at operating frequency in the THz band (2 THz–4 THz) for each blood component are also investigated in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancytopenia is defined as a reduction in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, and can pose as a diagnostic challenge due to the multitude of causes. Myxedema coma is the manifestation of severe untreated hypothyroidism. This case report presents a rare instance of myxedema coma-associated pancytopenia in a 53-year-old man with a history of untreated hypothyroidism. The patient presented with altered mental status and vital instability, and on further workup was found to have pancytopenia. During his hospital stay his symptomatic hypothyroidism was identified, and he was treated with intravenous levothyroxine, hydrocortisone, and supportive care. The patient's clinical status improved gradually, with normalized blood counts upon discharge. This case underscores the significance of considering myxedema coma in the differential diagnosis of pancytopenia, especially in older patients with limited healthcare access. Increased awareness of this association can aid clinicians in timely diagnosis and management, preventing potential complications associated with untreated hypothyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies have mentioned the advantages of adding wheat germ to chicken diets, but few were interested in studying the effect of the fermentation process on this addition. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of adding fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) and immunostimulant (IS) to the broiler diet and water, respectively, on growth performance, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, immune status, and carcass characteristics. A total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly and equally assigned into four treatment groups of 5 replicates (9 chicks/replicate) each. The first group (G1) served as a control group with a basal diet and normal drinking water, while the second (G2) and the third (G3) groups were treated with a basal diet supplemented with 0.1 and 0.2% of FWGE, respectively. The fourth group (G4) was treated with one level of immunostimulant (ORGA IMMU®, 0.2% in drinking water) and served as a positive control. The experiment lasted 35 days. According to the results, adding 0.2% FWGE to the broiler diet (G3) improved (P≤0.05) feed conversion ratio and increased (P≤0.05) live body weight and body weight gain compared to the control group (G1). The G3 also showed improvements (P≤0.05) in red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were positively affected (P≤0.05) by FWGE and immunostimulant treatments. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers for Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses, phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and lysozyme activity (LA) were significantly (P≤0.05) improved by FWGE and immunostimulant treatments. Furthermore, carcass traits, such as carcass weight and dressing percentage, were improved (P≤0.05) by adding FWGE and immunostimulant treatments. The inclusion of FWGE in the broiler chicken diet by 0.2% had a considerably positive impact on the birds' growth performance, health, and carcass quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Donor leucocyte survival following red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, known as transfusion‐associated microchimerism (TAM), can occur in some patients. In Australia, despite the introduction of leucocyte filtration (leucodepletion) during RBC manufacture, TAM has been detected in adult trauma patients. However, the incidence of TAM in Australian pediatric patients has not been analyzed. Methods: Patients aged 0–16 years were recruited across two cohorts. Retrospective participants had RBC transfusion between January 1, 2002 and November 15, 2017 and prospective participants received RBC transfusion between December 1, 2016 and November 25, 2020. Twelve bi‐allelic insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms were used to detect microchimerism amplification patterns using real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results: Of the retrospective cohort (n = 40), six patients showed amplification of InDel sequences indicating potential microchimerism. For three patients, minor InDel sequences were detected using RT‐PCR only, two patients had minor InDel amplification using ddPCR only, and one patient had minor InDel amplification that was confirmed using both techniques. Amplification of minor sequences occurred in three patients who had received a bone marrow transplant in addition to RBC transfusion. In the prospective cohort (n = 25), no InDel amplification indicating potential microchimerism was detected using RT‐PCR. Discussion: Cell‐based therapies had been administered in three patients where microchimerism amplification patterns were detected. Three patients have microchimerism that may be attributed to RBC transfusion. In prospective patients, who received leucodepleted and gamma‐irradiated RBC units, no potential microchimerism amplification were detected. ddPCR may be a suitable technique for TAM analysis but requires further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is essential for diagnosing various disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Traditionally, CSF cell count analysis is performed manually using a Neubauer chamber hemocytometer, which is labor-intensive and prone to subjective interpretation. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the Microscanner C3, an automated cell counting system, for CSF analysis using artificially prepared samples and 150 clinical CSF samples. Results: The lowest detectable white blood cell (WBC) count was 3.33 cells/µL, and the lowest detectable red blood cell (RBC) count was 3.67 cells/µL. The coefficients of variation (CV%) for the Microscanner C3 were lower than those for the Neubauer chamber at all cell concentrations. The correlation coefficients (R) between the Microscanner C3 and conventional methods were high: 0.9377 for WBCs and 0.9952 for RBCs when compared with the Neubauer chamber, and 0.8782 for WBCs and 0.9759 for RBCs when compared with the flow cytometer. Additionally, the Microscanner C3 showed good agreement with both the Neubauer chamber and flow cytometer in the Passing–Bablok regression analysis and Bland–Altman analysis for WBC count at all concentrations and RBC count at concentrations of 0–1000 cells/µL. Conclusions: The Microscanner C3 proved to be more sensitive, precise, and consistent compared to the conventional hemocytometer. The new system is also compact, convenient, and cost-effective, making it a valuable option for clinical laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trypanosomosis is a serious constraint to livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Chemotherapy which is the main means of control is unsatisfactory because of drug resistance and toxicity. Thus, the search for alternative antitrypanosomal agents has become imperative. The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of astaxanthin alone or in combination with diminazene aceturate (DZ) on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei–infected Wistar rats. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of ten rats each and treated as follows: I, DW (uninfected and treated with distilled water); II, S/OIL (uninfected and treated with soya oil); III, T (infected with 106 trypanosomes/mL); IV, PreA [pretreated with astaxanthin (100 mg/kg)] + T; V, PreA + T + DZ (3.5 mg/kg); VI, T + A (astaxanthin); VII, T + A + DZ; VIII, T + DZ. Parasitaemia was monitored daily, and blood was collected for evaluation of haematological parameters at the end of the experiment. Parasitaemia increased progressively in the T, PreA + T and T + A groups till the termination of the experiment, but was lower (P < 0.05) in the PreA group alone, compared to the T and T + A groups at days 6 and 8. There was a resurgence of parasitaemia in 10% of rats in the T + A + DZ group at day 7 post-treatment. The red blood cell counts, PCV and haemoglobin concentration were higher (P < 0.05), but lower neutrophil and total leucocyte counts (P < 0.05) in PreA and/or DZ groups compared to the T and T + A groups. Rats in the T and T + A groups had higher (P < 0.05) erythrocytic indices. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin and/or diminazene aceturate was more effective than post-treatment in decreasing parasitaemia and ameliorating the anaemia caused by T. brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, medical plants have been widely used as replacements for antibiotics in disease treatment. Because of its multiple medicinal uses, peppermint (Mentha piperita, MP) is a common herbal remedy. In the present study, MP powder was used as a feed additive to assess growth performance; hematological; biochemical and immune parameters; intestinal histology; and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) gene expression, as well as protection against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in Oreochromis niloticus. O. niloticus (n = 120, 25.66 ± 0.16 g) were fed diets containing 0 (CTR), 2, 3, or 4% MP for 60 days. The results revealed that the inclusion of 2% MP significantly improved the growth indices, intestinal morphological parameters, and reduced the feed conversion ratio. The 2% MP treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased hematological parameters (red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, packed cell volume% (PCV%), hemoglobin) compared with those of the CTR (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding fish 2% MP diets decreased the levels of cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein). There were significant increases in immune responses (serum protein and phagocytic activity and index) and non-significant increases in the expression of IL-1β in the 2% MP group comparing with the other groups and the CTR group (P < 0.05). At the end of the feeding trial (60 days), fish were challenged with a virulent strain of Vibrio alginolyticus and the results showed that the mortality rate decreased in the 2% MP treatment group, followed by the 3% and 4% MP groups. Overall, the results revealed that the dietary inclusion of 2% MP can exhibit growth-promoting and immunostimulant effects for sustainable aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have reported the correlation of dysregulated blood cell indices and peripheral inflammatory markers with depression in adults but limited studies have examined this correlation in early adolescents. This study used data from the Chinese Early Adolescents Cohort Study, which was conducted in Anhui, China. Students' depression symptoms were repeatedly measured using the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children. Students' blood samples were collected in September 2019 and September 2021. The peripheral blood cell counts and inflammatory marker levels were determined using routine blood tests. Multivariable regression models were used to explore the associations between blood cell indices and adolescent depressive symptoms in both the whole sample and the sex-stratified samples. The white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count (NC), platelet (PLT) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) were positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms during follow-up. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin (HGB) volume (MCH), and mean corpuscular HGB concentration (MCHC) exhibited negative temporal correlations with depressive symptoms. Additionally, several sex-specific blood cell markers were correlated with depression. Male adolescents with increased red blood cell (RBC) and female adolescents with decreased HGB levels and upregulated WBC, NC, NLR, and SII levels exhibited severe depressive symptoms at follow-up. These findings suggested the potential usefulness of peripheral blood cell indices in the assessment of depression in early adolescents. • Elevated WBC, NC, PLT, NLR, PLR, and SII were positively correlated with adolescent depressive symptoms. • Elevated MCH and MCHC were negatively correlated with adolescent depressive symptoms. • Boys with increased RBC exhibited severe depressive symptoms. • Girls with decreased HGB levels and upregulated WBC, NC, NLR, and SII levels exhibited severe depressive symptoms. • Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of peripheral blood cell indices in the assessment of adolescent depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The use of plant‐derived products in aquaculture has garnered considerable attention due to their potential benefits. This study investigated the impact of supplementing Withania coagulans root powder (WCRP) in the diet of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio on various parameters, including growth performance, digestive enzymes, hematology, antioxidant activity, and immunological aspects. Methods: Common Carp (mean weight ± standard deviation = 11.69 ± 0.48 g) were divided into four groups in triplicate, receiving different WCRP concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%; labeled as WCRP0, WCRP1.0, WCRP1.5, and WCRP2.0, respectively) over a 60‐day period, followed by an experimental challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to assess the relative percentage survival (RPS) over 14 days. Result: Results showed that Common Carp receiving WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 demonstrated significantly improved growth performance, with reduced feed conversion ratios (FCRs) being particularly evident in WCRP1.5. Polynomial contrasts indicated significant linear and quadratic effects on weight gain and FCR. Additionally, WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 supplementation led to significantly higher activity of digestive enzymes (lipase and protease). Hematological parameters, including white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, were significantly elevated in fish that were fed WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 compared to the control group. Moreover, serum parameters, such as total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total immunoglobulins, were significantly enhanced in WCRP1.5‐ and WCRP2.0‐treated fish. Notably, the WCRP1.5 group showed the lowest serum cortisol levels. The RPS was highest in WCRP1.5 (73.77%), followed by WCRP2.0 (70.43%), compared to the other groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, supplementation with WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 effectively improved both growth and health parameters in Common Carp. Impact StatementThe addition of Withania coagulans root powder (WCRP) to Common Carp diets significantly boosted growth, health, and disease resistance. Fish that were fed medium and high doses of WCRP showed better growth, improved blood health, and enhanced immune responses, leading to higher survival rates after a bacterial challenge. This natural supplement offers a cost‐effective way for farmers to improve fish productivity and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the effects of supplementing Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus diets with wild olive Olea europaea leaf extract (WLE) on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and antioxidant and immunological parameters. Methods: Wild olive leaf extract was added at different concentrations (WLE 0.0 [control], 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) and fed to triplicate fish groups for 12 weeks. At the end of the trial period, growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, and hematological, biochemical, antioxidant, and immunological parameters were evaluated. Result: According to the results, fish that were fed with WLE 1.5% and WLE 2.0% exhibited significantly improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly reduced in fish supplied with WLE 1.5% and WLE 2.0%. Additionally, weight gain and FCR showed significance at both the linear and quadratic levels, as indicated by polynomial contrasts. However, the experimental diets did not impact fish body composition, digestive enzyme activity, or survival rate. Fish that received WLE 1.5% and WLE 2.0% showed significantly higher levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit compared with the WLE 1.0% and control groups. Moreover, significant enhancements were observed in serum parameters, including total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total immunoglobulins, for the WLE 1.5% and WLE 2.0% groups compared with the control. Fish that were fed WLE 1.5% exhibited the lowest serum cortisol level. Conclusion: In conclusion, experimental diets with WLE levels of 1.5% and 2.0% effectively enhanced both the growth and immunological parameters of Nile Tilapia. Impact statementSupplementing Nile Tilapia diets with wild olive leaf extract enhances growth, feed efficiency, and immune function. This eco‐friendly method boosts aquaculture productivity and fish health, offering healthier food sources and promoting sustainable practices for both people and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atypical cells (Atyp.C), as a new parameter determined by an automated urine analyzer, can be suspected of being malignant tumor cells. We evaluated the extent to which the Atyp.C can predict the existence of malignant tumor cells.A total of 3,315 patients (1,751 in the training cohort and 1,564 in the testing cohort) were recruited and divided into five groups, namely, primary bladder cancer (BCa), recurrent BCa, post-treatment monitoring of BCa, other urological tumors, and controls. Urine Atyp. C, bacteria, white blood cell, and red blood cell were measured by a Sysmex UF-5000 analyzer. We compared the Atyp.C values across the different groups, sexes, and tumor stages. The diagnostic performance of Atyp.C alone and in combination with other parameters for detecting BCa was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.The Atyp.C value of the primary BCa group was significantly higher than that in the other groups, except recurrent BCa group. The Atyp.C value was closely related to tumor staging. Atyp.C combined with bacteria had the highest diagnostic performance for primary BCa [training cohort AUC: 0.781 (95 % CI: 0.761–0.801); testing cohort AUC: 0.826 (95 % CI: 0.806–0.845)]. The AUC value of diagnosed recurrent BCa by Atyp.C plus bacteria for the training cohort was 0.784 (95 % CI: 0.762–0.804).Atyp.C was high in primary BCa patients and the combination of bacteria and Atyp.C showed high predictive value for primary BCa, suggesting that Atyp.C may be a useful objective indicator for the early detection of BCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study that investigates the relationship between platelet size and platelet receptor mRNA expression in individuals with diabetes. The study reveals that patients with diabetes have larger platelet size and higher levels of P2Y12 mRNA expression compared to healthy individuals. However, there is no significant correlation between mRNA expression levels and HbA1c levels. These findings suggest that platelet size and receptor mRNA expression may contribute to the prothrombotic state associated with diabetes. The study also suggests that examining mRNA expression levels at the individual platelet level could potentially serve as a marker for assessing the risk of arterial thrombosis in diabetic patients. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal proliferative disease with a high mortality rate. The combination therapy of BCL-2 inhibitor Venetoclax (VEN) and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) has significant anti-leukemia activity. Methods: We analyzed the efficacy, safety and immune response characteristics of AML patients who were unfit for high-dose chemotherapy and accepted the medication of VEN + HMAs. Results: After VEN + HMAs treatment, 31 newly diagnosed AML patients had the morphologic leukemia-free state rate (MLFS%) of 80.6% (25/31), complete response rate (CR%) of 54.8% (17/31), the minimal residual disease negative rate (MRD-%) of 51.6% (16/31), and the median progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 months. After treatment, the proportion of bone marrow primitive cells, the MRD level, white blood cell (WBC) count, fibrinogen (FIB) level and the proportion of B cells were significantly decreased. The red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) level, platelet count (PLT) count, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), the proportion of total T cells, CD8 + T cells and the IFN-γ level were significantly increased. After VEN + HMAs treatment, 12 relapsed AML patients had a MLFS% of 50% (6/12), CR% of 33.3% (4/12), MRD-% of 25% (3/12), and a median PFS of 7 months. After treatment, the proportion of bone marrow primitive cells and MRD level were slightly decreased, the proportions of CD8 + T cells and NK cells were significantly increased, the proportion of B cells and IL-10 level were significantly decreased. 12 AML patients who receive microtransplantation (MST) treatment using VEN + HMAs as a pretreatment regimen had a PFS of 20.5 months, which was much greater than VEN + HMAs group alone. Hematological recovery was better in the MST group with significantly increased RBC count, HGB level and PLT count. The most common adverse events were myelosuppression, agranulocytosis, infection and cardiovascular toxicity. No fatal adverse events were reported. Conclusion: The combination of BCL-2 inhibitors and HMAs had good efficacy and safety in AML patients who were unfit for high-dose chemotherapy, which may improve the immune microenvironment and enhance anti-leukemia immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Sunda porcupine, or the Javan porcupine (Hystrix javanica), is a rodent native to Indonesia. Although information about its conservation status is available, the hematological profile is limited. The normal hematological profile of an animal is essential as a basic health indicator to determine the initial state of a pathological process of a disease. Since the hematological profile can provide significant evidence regarding the health status of the species, the Sunda Porcupine's hematological profile can benefit conservation initiatives. Therefore, hematological evaluation of these porcupines can play a role in conservation initiatives, breeding strategies, and the prevention of zoonotic diseases. Aim: This research revealed the routine blood evaluation and white blood cell (WBC) morphological features of the free-ranging Sunda porcupine (H. javanica). Methods: Blood samples from four free-range individuals captured Sunda porcupine (H. javanica) were obtained intracardially for routine hematological evaluation and WBC staining for morphological identification. The profiles were then analyzed descriptively. Results: Hematology profile averages were generally 4.04 × 106/Ul for RBC; Hemoglobin was in 12.83 g/dl; Hematocrit by 37.8%; MCV 107.1 fl; MCH 31.80 pg; MCHC 31.23 g/dl; while WBC and platelet (PLT) were at 9.67 × 10³/µl and 503.00 × 10³/µl, respectively. Conclusion: The morphology of red blood cells, WBCs, and the hematological profile of the Javan hedgehog is not much different from that of other mammals such as crested porcupines, ferrets, and guinea pigs. Until now, there has been limited research on the hematology of Sunda porcupines, which has led to a limited understanding of their health status. We anticipate that the findings of this study will serve as a diagnostic instrument for evaluating the health condition of Sunda porcupine and serve as a benchmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the allure of space exploration and human spaceflight has surged, yet the effects of microgravity on the human body remain a significant concern. Immune and red blood cells rely on hematic or lymphatic streams as their primary means of transportation, posing notable challenges under microgravity conditions. This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of cell behavior when suspended in bio-fluid under varying gravitational forces. Utilizing the dissipative particle dynamics approach, blood and white blood cells were modeled, with gravity applied as an external force along the vertical axis, ranging from 0 to 2 g in parameter sweeps. The results revealed discernible alterations in the cell shape and spatial alignment in response to gravity, quantified through metrics such as elongation and deformation indices, pitch angle, and normalized center of mass. Statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney U test underscored clear distinctions between microgravity (<1 g) and hypergravity (>1 g) samples compared to normal gravity (1 g). Furthermore, the examination of forces exerted on the solid, including drag, shear stress, and solid forces, unveiled a reduction in the magnitude as the gravitational force increased. Additional analysis through dimensionless numbers unveiled the dominance of capillary and gravitational forces, which impacted cell velocity, leading to closer proximity to the wall and heightened viscous interaction with surrounding fluid particles. These interactions prompted shape alterations and reduced white blood cell area while increasing red blood cells. This study represents an effort in comprehending the effects of gravity on blood cells, offering insights into the intricate interplay between cellular dynamics and gravitational forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scarcity of blood for transfusion purposes has been widely acknowledged. Surgical therapeutic processes, war zones, and post-disaster treatments demand a huge amount of blood. Modern-day laboratories also require blood for bioengineering experimentation. Therefore, an artificially devised solution capable of mimicking the blood functions from biological and engineering relevance would be a noteworthy discovery of contemporary science. The experience drawn from discarded century-old blood substitutes has led us to technologically more advanced present-day solutions, which are better at carrying out the physiological functions of blood. Aiming at safety, stability, non-toxicity, and compatibility in terms of immuno-response, a remarkable number of substitutes are being tried to mimic the physiological properties and functions of red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and white blood cells. Despite significant efforts and time devoted, for transfusion, no product so far has been able to replace natural blood. This article puts together the important developments in blood substitutes that have evolved over the years, including substitutes for clinical as well as engineering requirements. It also points out the recent endeavors of synthesizing blood cells through modern synthetic routes. It has been highlighted that none of the blood substitutes have achieved the required efficacy so that they can be used in vivo. Finally, the emerging trends and future research needs have been stressed upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The leukocytes have been reported to contain blood group specific antigens, that are clinically relevant, however visualisation of A and B group antigens on leukocytes is a big issue. In cases of ABO discrepancies weak blood group antigens on nuclear cells have been demonstrated by using expensive techniques. Thus, the development of the method of the detection of weak blood group antigens on leukocytes available for any laboratory technician is hardly essential. The study aimed to reveal and analyse A and B blood group specific adsorbing antigens on leukocytes and erythrocytes and to develop a method for visualisation of weak blood group antigens on leukocytes. Methods: Polyclonal and monoclonal anti-A and anti-B antibodies, received from international laboratories according to the program of Workshop IV, held in Paris, 2000, were used for the study. Mixed agglutination reaction was performed as the method for visualisation of weak blood group antigens on leukocytes as nuclear cells. Results: Polyclonal sera from O blood group persons without weak blood group antigens in contrast to monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the ability to reveal weak blood group specific antigens on leukocytes by the method of mixed agglutination reaction. However, the test erythrocytes from the persons with increased levels of platelets and erythrocyte sedimentation rate did not allow to visualise weak antigen expression on the studied leukocytes in contrast to the persons with normal levels of platelets and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, that successfully formed mixed agglutinates with weak blood group antigens on leukocytes in mixed agglutination reaction. The leukocytes suspended in 0.9 % saline (as a diluent) incubated with the mixture of the serum with 0.9 % saline (1:2) led to the formation of specific agglutinates with test erythrocytes. The experiments with different temperature regimes and time of incubation demonstrated the usefulness of the studied method in specific leukocytes antigen visualisation during prolonged incubation at 4 °C. The persons with weak group A and B antigens, revealed on the leukocytes by the studied method, demonstrated decreased level of erythrocytes, platelets, titre of corresponding warm agglutinating antibodies (less than 1:8) and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Conclusion: The mixed agglutination reaction with prolonged incubation at 4 °C and the use of the selected polyclonal sera and test erythrocytes from the donors with normal values of platelets and erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be used for weak blood group antigens detection on leukocytes. The donors of the sera and test erythrocytes used in mixed agglutination reaction should be investigated on common blood analysis, agglutinating titre of corresponding warm group specific antibodies and presence of weak blood group antigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guinea pigs in intensive production generates an imperative necessity of physio-pathological bases for diagnosing their state of welfare, health, and production; those which are available for this species are referred to as laboratory or companion animal. The aim of this research is to determine changes in hematological and blood metabolites profiles in relation to age of Cavia porcellus reared in intensive system at 660 masl in humid tropic. For this purpose, forty 15-120 days old guinea pig in healthy conditions from the inti x Peru lines born in the humid tropic were used and the evaluation ages were 15-21, 22-35, 36-60 and 61-120 days. Blood samples were obtained by puncture of the cephalic vein; profiles of erythrocytes (RBC), total leucocytes (WBC), lymphocytes, granulocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and MCHC indices were determined. In serum, profiles of glucose, total protein (TP), albumin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, total bilirubin (TB), and direct bilirubin (DB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. Hemoglobin profile, MCH and MCHC indices increased as age increased (p < 0;05) and the erythrocytes, leucocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin profiles and MCV, MCH, MCHC indices showed the narrower interval ranges in the 15-35- and 61-120-days old guinea pigs. Profiles of TP, DB and AST showed increase with age (p < 0;05) and the DB, AST, ALT, and TC profiles showed the narrower interval range at 36-120 days old. The hematological and blood metabolites profiles of guinea pigs raised in intensive system in humid tropical conditions show significant changes with production age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic injury caused by swallowed sharp foreign object is one of the common conditions in dairy animal resulting into development of traumatic pericarditis (TP) and traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP). Under field conditions both conditions mimic the same clinical signs making it difficult to differentiate as well as render to choose ideal therapeutic management. The present study was aimed to evaluate clinical, hematobiochemical and ultrasonographic changes in cattle to clinically differentiate between TP and TRP cases. Methods: From the period of January 2020 to December 2020, total twelve Holstein Friesian cattle were investigated for TP and TRP. In the present study, six animals each suffering from TP and TRP were included along with six normal healthy animals as control. Different clinical signs, haemato-biochemical parameters and ultrasonographical findings were recorded in each group and comparative analysis was done. Result: Brisket edema, bilateral jugular vein engorgement and arched back conditions were most reported clinical signs in both the groups. Significant changes were recorded in the values of red blood cells, lymphocyte, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and SGOT between both the groups. Significant drop in hemoglobin level was observed in TP affected group. No significant changes were observed in white blood cells, packed cell volume, monocyte counts and eosinophil counts. Significant increase in fibrinogen concentration recorded in both the groups. In ultrasonography, accumulation of anechoic fluid around heart in TP and reticular wall thickening in TRP was most consistent findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of short-chain fatty acids as functional ingredients to improve the immune status and disease resistance of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. (2) Methods: For that purpose, triplicate groups of fish with an initial body weight of 15.2 ± 0.03 g were fed isoproteic (43% crude protein) and isolipidic (18% crude lipids) diets supplemented with sodium acetate (SA), sodium propionate (SP), and sodium butyrate (SB) at two inclusion levels: 0.25% and 0.50%. An unsupplemented diet was used as a control. After 56 days of feeding with the experimental diets, fish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 100 µL of Vibrio anguillarum (1.2 × 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL) and mortality was recorded for 3 weeks. At the end of the trial, there were no differences in survival between the treatment groups and the control, but survival was higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with SB 0.50 than SP 0.25 (93.3 vs. 66.7%). Compared to the pre-challenge values, and regardless of diet composition, all hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells) measured decreased after 4 h of bacterial challenge, except for neutrophils which were increased. Independently of diet composition, lysozyme and nitric oxide decreased at 4 and 24 h post infection. Compared to the control, diets supplemented with SA and SP promoted an up-regulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at 4 h after the challenge, while the diets supplemented with SB promoted an up-regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines at 24 h after the challenge. (3) Conclusions: Overall, present results suggest that SA and SP provide a fast response to a bacterial challenge in European sea bass juveniles, while SB provides increased survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood analysis plays a pivotal role in assessing the health of laboratory animals, including pigs. This study investigated the hematological profiles of transgenic pigs of the MGH breed for xenotransplantation, focusing on the effect of housing conditions on blood parameters. A cohort of pigs was longitudinally monitored from 6 to 18 months of age in both conventional and specific pathogen-free (SPF) environments. Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), and white blood cells (WBCs) were analyzed using standardized hematology analyzers. The results revealed that RBC and HGB levels were consistently higher in SPF-housed pigs. Notably, WBC counts were significantly lower in SPF-housed pigs, suggesting that reduced pathogen exposure under SPF conditions effectively diminished immune system activation. These findings raise a novel question as to whether distinct hematological parameters of specific and/or designated PF pigs would be advantages for the success of clinical xenotransplantation trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mammalian microcirculation, circulating cells (CCs) such as white blood cells or cancer cells can be forced to flow alongside the vessel wall through hydrodynamic interactions with red blood cells (RBCs). This phenomenon, known as margination, plays an important role in physiology as it precedes the extravasation of a CC from the bloodstream into surrounding tissue. Current knowledge of the fluid mechanics influencing margination is primarily based on idealized straight tube flow. Microvessels in vivo, however, are often observed to be tortuous, and the influence of this morphology on CC margination is largely unknown. In the current work, we utilize high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) cell-resolved simulations to study the margination behavior of a CC flowing with RBCs through a tortuous microvessel over a range of conditions typical of the microcirculation. We observe cross-stream lateral CC movement in response to local curvature, which generally augments the ability of the CC to reach the near-wall region. Once the CC marginates, the presence of RBCs in the central region tends to lock the CC in the near-wall cell-free layer. The overall impact of tortuosity on the degree of margination, however, is mixed. At low hematocrit, tortuosity provides a fluid dynamics-derived mechanism to grant CCs access to near-wall locations under conditions where this behavior generally does not occur in a straight tube. At higher hematocrit where a CC can easily marginate in a straight tube, the varying local curvature causes intermittent motion away from the wall thus slightly reducing the degree of margination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disruption of hematopoietic and immune functions is a significant consequence of the long-term effects of radiation exposure. This study investigated the potential mechanisms by which ferulic acid (FA) acts as a radioprotective agent in mitigating radiation-induced immune damage. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a dose of 6.0 Gy of 60Co γ irradiation. FA was administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/d for 7 days before and 30 days following irradiation. We evaluated changes in peripheral blood cells, T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells in the spleen, and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM). Whole-genome transcriptome sequencing of BM was performed to explore potential mechanisms. FA administration resulted in a significant reduction in malonaldehyde levels (p < 0.0001), an increase in catalase and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in serum (p < 0.05), and enhanced multipotent progenitors (p < 0.01) and common lymphoid progenitors (p < 0.05) in the BM. Additionally, there was an elevation in white blood cell levels, red blood cell levels, and hemoglobin levels in peripheral blood (p < 0.01). Transcriptome analysis indicated that FA reversed the radiation-induced expression of genes related to immunity and inflammation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments further demonstrated that FA reduced interleukin-6 levels in the BM and decreased JAK1, JAK2, and STAT3 protein content (p < 0.01). In conclusion, FA might mitigate hematopoietic and immune damage by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beryllium is a lightweight metal that is toxic to humans. The critical health effects related to beryllium exposure are liver toxicity, immune system toxicity, and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). This study investigated the effects of occupational beryllium exposure on liver and lung function and hematologic parameters among beryllium smelter workers. A cross-sectional study was performed by comparing 65 exposed workers and 34 non-exposed workers. Health information was collected through questionnaire surveys and biochemical tests. The concentration of urinary beryllium was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The findings indicated that the urinary beryllium levels of the exposed workers and the controls were 0.48 (0.115, 1.19) μg/mL and 0.0125 (0.005, 0.005) μg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared with the controls, the exposed workers showed a significant increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, white blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HGB concentration and ALT level were significantly correlated with the concentration of beryllium in urine (p < 0.05). The exposed workers had increased urinary concentrations of beryllium, in contrast to the control subjects. Moreover, the urinary beryllium levels among the exposed workers are much higher than that in the Chinese general population. Beryllium-exposed workers may be at risk of liver and hematologic impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are rich in bioactive components, which exert various biological activities that are beneficial for living. This study evaluated the antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities of Dhimran (Ocimum forsskaolii benth) in mice. The main volatile compounds in Dhimran essential oil (DEO) were endo-fenchol, tau-cadinol, and ß-atlantol, while Dhimran extract (DE) was rich in caffeic acid and quercetin. These active compounds in DE and DEO possess antioxidant activity, scavenging 93% of DPPH radicals, antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria, and anticancer activity against HepG2 cancer cell line. These activities influenced the mice's health. A total of 180 mice were divided into six treatment groups for 30 days as follows: T1 was fed a basal diet; T2 received CCl4 (187 mg/kg BW); T3 received DEO (4 mL/kg); T4 received DE (4 mL/kg); T5 received DEO+CCl4; and T6 received DE+CCl4. The oral administration of CCl4 to mice resulted in an increase in absolute liver weight (ALW) and relative organ weight (ROW) and a significant decrease in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Additionally, there was a notable reduction in levels of red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), and platelets; however, there was an increase in white blood cells (WBCs). The administration of CCL4 in mice lowered total protein content; however, it raised the activity of AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH in mice liver homogenate compared to the control (P<0.05). CCl4 increased inflammation cytokines (TNF-a and IL-6). The coadministration of DEO or DE with CCl4 significantly corrected all biomarkers to control levels, with a preference for DE. Liver sections from the control, DE, and DEO groups revealed a normal structure. It is concluded that Dhimran extract or essential oil has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can be used as hepatoprotective agents against CCl4 toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. In countries with pasture-based dairy systems and relatively cold winters, such as New Zealand, it is common to manage pregnant, nonlactating cows on forage crop paddocks rather than pasture, due to slow pasture growth rates. Wintering dairy cattle on grazed crops can compromise welfare if wet and muddy underfoot conditions occur, which can reduce lying. This study investigated behavioral and physiological indicators of welfare of cows under 2 wintering practices: cows managed on and grazed kale crop (Brassica oleracea), and cows managed on pasture with baled hay. Following dry-off (d 0), 80 cows were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 wintering practices (40 cows/practice) and monitored between d 4 and 32 (phase 1). During this period, lying and stepping behavior was continuously recorded using leg-based accelerometers. Blood samples were obtained at d 0 and 32 for measurements of thyroxine (T4), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), white blood cells (WBC), and red blood cells. All data for phase 1 were presented descriptively due to the lack of treatment replication. Daily mean air temperature during this period was 5.2°C (range: 0.0–10.7°C), and rainfall was 1.1 mm/d (range: 0–5.6mm/d). Between d 4 and 32, cows in both groups spent similar amounts of time lying (pasture with hay cows: 8.9 h/24 h ± 2.57, kale crop cows: 8.7 h/24 h ± 3.06, mean ± SEM). Both groups reduced their lying on wet and cold days, and there was evidence of rebound lying once unfavorable weather conditions stopped. Cows on kale crop had numerically higher NEFA and lower WBC compared with cows managed on pasture, although most physiological values were within normal ranges. In a second phase of the study (d 34 and 35), cows were managed under controlled, replicated conditions in the 2 wintering practices using typical on-farm stocking rates (2 or 4 cows per group in the pasture with hay and kale crop treatments, respectively; n = 10 groups/treatment). During this period, cow behavior, skin and surface temperatures, hygiene scores, feed intakes, and ground conditions were measured. Weather conditions during the 48-h exposure were mostly cold and dry (mean air temperature: 7.8°C, range: −2.2 to 20.5°C). Cows managed on pasture with hay spent more time lying down on the first day of exposure; however, this was likely due to less space being available to kale cows on this day. Cows managed on pasture with hay ruminated more than cows on kale crop on both days of observations (d 1: 37.9% vs. 30.9% of observations, d 2: 36.8% vs. 28.7% of observations for pasture with hay and kale crop groups, respectively) and were lying more often in postures indicative of greater thermal comfort. Cows managed on pasture with hay had higher skin and surface temperatures compared with cows on kale crop, whereas cows on kale crop had dirtier coats. Results suggest that opportunities for thermal comfort were greater for cows managed on pasture with hay bales, which may be due to increased rumination activities and more insulated lying areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Oyster polypeptide (OP) is a mixture of oligopeptides extracted from oysters through enzyme lysis, separation, and purification. It is associated with immunomodulatory effects, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. This study therefore combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) urinary metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbiome to determine the immunoprotective mechanisms of OP in rats subjected to cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppression. RESULTS: Oyster polypeptide restored the body weight and the structure of spleen and thymus in rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppression. It upregulated the levels of white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), platelets (PLT), red blood cells (RBCs), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), cytokines such as interleukin‑6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and increased the numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in the immunosuppressed rats. The 1H‐NMR metabolomics results showed that OP significantly reversed the levels of ten metabolites in urine, including 2‐oxoglutarate, citrate, dimethylamine, taurine, N‐phenylacetylglycine, alanine, betaine, creatinine, uracil, and benzoate. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that OP restored the gut microbiome homeostasis by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Finally, a combination of metabolomics and microbiomics found that the metabolism of taurine and hypotaurine, and the metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate were disturbed, but these metabolic pathways were restored by OP. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that OP had immunoprotective effects in rats with cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppression by restoring key metabolic pathways and the gut microbiome homeostasis. Our findings provide a framework for further research into the immunoregulatory mechanisms of OP and its potential use in drugs and nutritional supplements. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intracellular methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX‐PGs) concentrations are measurable in red blood cells (RBCs) during MTX treatment. MTX‐PG3 concentrations correlate with efficacy in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Since RBCs are not involved in pathogenesis of CD and lack extended MTX metabolism, we determined MTX‐PGs accumulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs: effector cells) and intestinal mucosa (target cells) and compared those with RBCs as a potential more precise biomarker. Methods: In a multicentre prospective cohort study, blood samples of patients with CD were collected during the first year of MTX therapy. Mucosal biopsies were obtained from non‐inflamed rectum and/or inflamed intestine. MTX‐PGs concentrations in mucosa, PBMCs and RBCs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results: From 80 patients with CD, a total of 27 mucosal biopsies, 9 PBMC and 212 RBC samples were collected. From 12 weeks of MTX therapy onwards, MTX‐PG3 was the most predominant species (33%) in RBCs. In PBMCs, the distribution was skewed towards MTX‐PG1 (48%), which accounted for an 18 times higher concentration than in RBCs. Long‐chain MTX‐PGs were highly present in mucosa: 21% of MTX‐PGtotal was MTX‐PG5. MTX‐PG6 was measurable in all biopsies. Conclusions: MTX‐PG patterns differ between mucosa, PBMCs and RBCs of patients with CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise offers significant health benefits, promoting normal body system functioning, healthy growth, development, and overall well-being. Aims and Objectives: Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of short-term high-intensity exercise (HIE) on hematological biomarkers and acute responses in athletes, as well as changes in these biomarkers immediately after 10 and 20 min of HIE. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physical Education, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (UP). A total of 20 healthy male athletes with an age range of 22 to 26 years were randomly selected. All participants performed HIE for 5 min with maximal effort. Blood samples for selected hematological biomarkers were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 10 and 20 min after the HIE. Results: A repeated measures analysis of variance with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction revealed that red blood corpuscles (F = 58.447; P < 0.05.), white blood cells (F = 59.778; P < 0.05), platelets (F = 23.794; P < 0.05), and hemoglobin (F = 46.853; P < 0.05) responses differed statistically significantly between time points. Post hoc analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment revealed that their response was significantly increased immediately after the HIE, reduced 10 min after the exercise, and closely returned to baseline levels after 20 min of exercise. Conclusion: HIE causes an inflammatory response in the blood by elevating the hematological biomarkers. These findings can be taken into consideration to develop high-intensity training programs for athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preservation of poultry stock can be improved by incorporating therapeutic and preventive agents, including hepatoprotectors, into the diet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an experimental drug containing hepatoprotectors on the health of broiler chickens. The research sought to identify the potential of the preparation to enhance liver function and overall poultry stock survival. The study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at Odesa State Agrarian University. Investigations were carried out to assess the effects of the experimental preparation in the following doses: 1.0 g/kg body weight (therapeutic dose), 2.0 g/kg body weight (double therapeutic dose), and 5.0 g/kg body weight (fivefold therapeutic dose) over 30 days. The experiment was conducted on 500 Cobb 500 broiler chickens aged 1 to 40 days. Additionally, biochemical blood parameters were measured and analysed using a Polish biochemical selective automatic analyser, the Hitachi 902. Studies have established that the optimal dose of the experimental drug for hepatosis in broiler chickens is 1.0 g/kg body weight. After administration of the drug, the serum bilirubin content decreased by 27.3%, lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 17.1%, aspartate aminotransferase activity decreased by 16.4%, alanine aminotransferase activity decreased by 19.3%, and vitamin A content increased by 25.6%, while the phagocytic activity of pseudoeosinophils increased by 23.1%. The results of the studies have proven that the experimental drug normalises liver function, positively affects the biochemical composition of blood, promotes growth, provides protection and natural resistance of the broiler organism, and even improves the quality of poultry products. Based on the above, it is necessary to improve methods for early diagnosis of liver function disorders in poultry and apply effective methods for correcting metabolic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recently, an increasing disparity has emerged in the need for raw fish meal (FM) and its supply, along with the environmental and financial obstacles associated with its use. Therefore, increasing and elevating the diversity of alternative protein sources for aquaculture nutrition is imperative. The study investigated the impact of substituting FM protein with EW meal on the growth, haemato-biochemical response and intestinal histomorphology of Nile tilapia. Up to 20% fishmeal replacement with EW meal had no adverse effects on fish growth performance. A quadratic analysis of the final body weight and EW meal level indicated the best growth performance at 17.5% replacement. Fish fed the 40% replacement level had significantly decreased height and width of intestinal folds and number of mucosal goblet cells compared to the control. Although red and white blood cell counts were found unchanged between the control, the 10% and 20% replacement groups, a significantly higher number of white blood cells and a lower number of red blood cells were found in the 40% group compared to the control. Blood glucose level was the highest, while haemoglobin level was the lowest in the 40% group. In the same group, significantly higher frequencies of erythrocyte cellular and nuclear abnormalities were noted. Lipid droplet accumulation in the liver was significantly higher in the 40% group, whilst the 10% and 20% groups showed no significant difference compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]