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The expression of genes related to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway were determined. Group A, B and C fed with basal diet and group D, E and F induced TD by feeding a basal diet containing 100 mg·kg -1 thiram. rGSTA3 protein was injected at 20 μg·kg -1 in group B, E and at 50 μg·kg -1 in C, F. Results suggested that lameness and death of chondrocytes were significant on day 14. TLRs signaling pathway related genes were screened based on the transcriptome enrichment, and validated on qPCR. IL-7, TLR2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MyD88, MHC-II, MDA5 and TRAF6 were significantly (p < 0.05) expressed in group E and F as compared to group D on day 14 and 23. IL-7, MHCII, TRAF6, TLR3, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR15 determined insignificant in group D compared to group A on day 23. TD occur in an early phase and alleviated in the later period. rGSTA3 protein can prevent apoptosis and repair degraded chondrocytes., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study was planned to investigate TD (Tibial dyschondroplasia) on the potential MAPK signaling pathway and angiogenesis related genes. Forty-eight broilers were allotted into control (C) and treatment (T) groups of 2, 6 and 15 days as C1, C2, C3, T1, T2 and T3. The histopathology results revealed that tibiotarsus bone of chickens had more lesions on day 6 (T2 group). The chondrocytes were disordered, and the size, shape and proliferation were affected. Transcriptome results revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified were 63, 1026, 623, 130, 141 and 146 in C1 (2 days control vs 6 days control); C2 (2 days control vs 15 days control); C3 (6 days control vs 15 days control); T1 (2 days treatment vs 6 days treatment); T2 (2 days treatment vs 15 days treatment) and T3 (6 days treatment vs 15 days treatment) groups respectively. Whereas, 10 angiogenesis related-genes RHOC, MEIS2, BAIAP2, TGFBI, KLF2, CYR61, PTPN11, PLXNC1, HSPH1 and NRP2 were downregulated on day 6 in the treatment group. The pathway which was found enriched in the control and treatment groups was MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore selected 10 MAPK signaling pathway-related genes RAC2, MAP3K1, PRKCB, FLNB, IL1R1, PTPN7, RPS6KA, MAP3K6, GNA12 and HSPA8 which were found significantly downregulated in the treatment group on day 6. It is concluded that angiogenesis and MAPK signaling pathway related genes has an essential role in TD, as those top screened genes found downregulated in the thiram fed chickens when TD observed severed on day 6., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Chicken erythrocytes are involved in immunity through binding of toll-like receptors (TLRs) with their ligands to activate downstream signaling and lead to cytokine production in erythrocytes. Some avian β-defensins (AvBDs) are constitutively expressed in tissues and some others can be induced by various bacteria and viruses. However, the expression of AvBDs in erythrocytes has not yet been studied extensively., Results: The transcripts of eight AvBDs (AvBD1 to AvBD7, and AvBD9) and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) were found in normal chicken erythrocytes. The expression levels of AvBD2, 4 and 7 were significantly increased (P < 0.01), whereas the levels of AvBD1, 6 and 9 were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) after Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection. The mRNA expression level of LEAP-2 was not significantly changed after MDV infection. Highest viral nucleic acid (VNA) of MDV in the feather tips among the tested time points was found at 14 days post-infection (d.p.i.). In addition, 35 MD5-related gene segments were detected in the erythrocytes at 14 d.p.i. by transcriptome sequencing., Conclusions: These results suggest that the AvBDs in chicken erythrocytes may participate in MDV-induced host immune responses.

Chicken erythrocytes participated in immunity, but the role of erythrocytes in the immunity of Marek's disease virus (MDV) has not been reported related to the immunity genes. The purpose of this study was to screen and verify the immune-related genes of chicken erythrocytes which could be proven as a biomarker in MDV. The datasets (GPL8764-Chicken Gene Expression Microarray) were downloaded from the GEO profile database for control and MDV infected chickens to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through bioinformatics methods. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was performed to find enriched pathways, including Gene Ontology (GO). Based on enriched pathways, the top 19 immune-related genes were screened-out and process further to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The screened genes were validated on RT-PCR and qPCR. Results suggested that the mRNA transcription of Toll-like receptors 2, 3, 4, 6 (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6), major histocompatibility complex-II (MHCII), interleukin-7 (IL-7), interferon-βeta (IFN-β), chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cMGF) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) were significantly up-regulated. The expression of toll-like receptor 5, 7 (TLR5, TLR7) interleukin-12 (IL-12 p40), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and interferon-αlpha (IFN-α) were significantly down-regulated in the erythrocytes of the infected group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of toll-like receptor-1, 15, 21 (TLR1, TLR15, TLR21), major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) and Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) were not significant. In conclusion, it has been verified on qRT-PCR results that 19 immune-related genes, which included TLRs, cytokines and MHC have immune functions in MDV infected chickens. Image 1 • Role of erythrocytes in the immunity of Marek's disease virus (MDV) has not been reported related to the immunity genes. • Integrated bioinformatics methods identified the important genes expressed in MDV. • Based on enriched pathways, the top 19 immune-related genes were screened-out. • The expression of 19 immune-related genes verified on qRT-PCR. • Immune genes, including TLRs, cytokines and MHC, have immune functions in MDV infected chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]