16 results on '"Roll, Mikael"'
Search Results
2. Different neural mechanisms for rapid acquisition of words with grammatical tone in learners from tonal and non-tonal backgrounds:ERP evidence
- Author
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Gosselke Berthelsen, Sabine, Horne, Merle, Shtyrov, Yury, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
Transfer ,Grammatical tone ,Rapid learning ,Morphosyntax ,Second language acquisition ,ERP - Abstract
Initial second language acquisition proceeds surprisingly quickly. Foreign words can sometimes be used within minutes after the first exposure. Yet, it is unclear whether such rapid learning also takes place for more complex, multi-layered properties like words with complex morphosyntax and/or tonal features, and whether it is influenced by transfer from the learners’ native language. To address these questions, we recorded tonal and non-tonal learners’ brain responses while they acquired novel tonal words with grammatical gender and number on two consecutive days. Comparing the novel words to repeated but non-taught pseudoword controls, we found that tonal learners demonstrated a full range of early and late event-related potentials in novel tonal word processing: an early word recognition component (~50 ms), an early left anterior negativity (ELAN), a left anterior negativity (LAN), and a P600. Non-tonal learners exhibited mainly late processing when accessing the meaning of the tonal words: a P600, as well as a LAN after an overnight consolidation. Yet, this group displayed correlations between pitch perception abilities and ELAN, and between acquisition accuracy and LAN, suggesting that certain features may lead to facilitated processing of tonal words in non-tonal learners. Furthermore, the two groups displayed indistinguishable performance at the behavioural level, clearly suggesting that the same learning outcome may be achieved through at least partially different neural mechanisms. Overall, the results suggest that it is possible to rapidly acquire words with grammatical tone and that transfer plays an important role even in very early second language acquisition.
- Published
- 2020
3. Phonological transfer effects in novice learners: A learner's brain detects grammar errors only if the language sounds familiar.
- Author
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Gosselke Berthelsen, Sabine, Horne, Merle, Shtyrov, Yury, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
VOWELS ,TONE (Phonetics) ,GRAMMAR ,SECOND language acquisition ,LANGUAGE & languages ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
Many aspects of a new language, including grammar rules, can be acquired and accessed within minutes. In the present study, we investigate how initial learners respond when the rules of a novel language are not adhered to. Through spoken word-picture association-learning, tonal and non-tonal speakers were taught artificial words. Along with lexicosemantic content expressed by consonants, the words contained grammatical properties embedded in vowels and tones. Pictures that were mismatched with any of the words' phonological cues elicited an N400 in tonal learners. Non-tonal learners only produced an N400 when the mismatch was based on a word's vowel or consonants, not the tone. The emergence of the N400 might indicate that error processing in L2 learners (unlike canonical processing) does not initially differentiate between grammar and semantics. Importantly, only errors based on familiar phonological cues evoked a mismatch-related response, highlighting the importance of phonological transfer in initial second language acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Anticipating morphological and syntactic structures : investigating the pre-activation negativity
- Author
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Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, Mannfolk, Peter, van Westen, Danielle, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
General Language Studies and Linguistics ,Morphology ,fMRI ,Pre-activation ,Syntax ,Prediction ,ERP - Abstract
It is known that listeners can predict upcoming words based on constraining contexts (e.g. DeLong et al., 2005). In a recent study, we proposed a left frontal brain potential, the pre-activation negativity, PrAN (Söderström et al., 2016), thought to reflect pre-activation of expected word continuations. Time-locked to word-initial fragments, PrAN’s amplitude was found to increase in a 136-280 ms time window as the number of possible continuations decreased, suggesting that PrAN increased with increased predictive certainty about a word’s ending. In the present study, we tested whether a similar effect could be found for pre-activation of expected syntactic structures. In Swedish, intonation is used to signal whether an unfolding embedded clause is a main or subordinate clause. Specifically, a clause-initial word with a low boundary tone cues only subordinate clause structure. Conversely, a corresponding high tone signals that any kind of embedded main clause structure may follow, i.e. it cues a more open set of structures. Test participants listened to complex sentences and judged the word order of the verb (V) and negation (NEG) after the boundary tone as quickly as possible (NEG–V word order occurs in subordinate clauses and V–NEG in main clauses). ERPs were time-locked to the tone-bearing syllable. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed a negativity in left anterior electrodes at 136-280 ms for low initial boundary tones, which cue only subordinate clauses. We propose that this effect is a PrAN, but that it here reflects pre-activation of syntactic structures rather than possible word endings.
- Published
- 2017
5. Neural correlates of second language acquisition of tone-grammar associations.
- Author
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Hed, Anna, Schremm, Andrea, Horne, Merle, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
NATIVE language ,PERCEPTION testing ,SECOND language acquisition - Abstract
Native speakers of Swedish use tones on stems to predict which suffix is to follow. This is seen behaviorally in reduced response times for matching tone-suffix pairs. Neurophysiologically, online prediction is reflected in the event-related potential (ERP) component pre-activation negativity (PrAN) occurring for tones with a higher predictive value. Invalid suffixes relative to the tone produce a left anterior negativity (LAN), or a broadly distributed negativity, and a P600. When native speakers make decisions about the inflection of words, response times are also longer for invalid tone-suffix combinations. In this study, low to intermediate level second language learners with non-tonal native languages trained tone-suffix associations for two weeks. Before and after training, they participated in a perception test where they listened to nouns with valid and invalid tone-suffix combinations and performed a singular/plural judgment task. During the test, electroencephalography (EEG) and response times were measured. After training, the PrAN effect increased, and a LAN emerged for invalid stimuli, indicating that the participants had acquired the tone-suffix association, using the tones as predictors more extensively post-training. However, neither a P600 nor longer response times for invalidity were found, suggesting potential differences in native and second language processing of the tone-suffix association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Pre-Activation Negativity (PrAN) in Brain Potentials to Unfolding Words.
- Author
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Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, Frid, Johan, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
BRAIN physiology ,NEUROPHYSIOLOGY ,BRAIN function localization ,LEXICAL access ,CERTAINTY - Abstract
We describe an event-related potential (ERP) effect termed the "pre-activation negativity" (PrAN), which is proposed to index the degree of pre-activation of upcoming word-internal morphemes in speech processing. Using lexical competition measures based on word-initial speech fragments (WIFs), as well as statistical analyses of ERP data from three experiments, it is shown that the PrAN is sensitive to lexical competition and that it reflects the degree of predictive certainty: the negativity is larger when there are fewer upcoming lexical competitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Word tones cueing morphosyntactic structure: Neuroanatomical substrates and activation time-course assessed by EEG and fMRI.
- Author
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Roll, Mikael, Söderström, Pelle, Mannfolk, Peter, Shtyrov, Yury, Johansson, Mikael, van Westen, Danielle, and Horne, Merle
- Subjects
- *
TONE (Phonetics) , *TELEPROMPTERS , *MORPHOSYNTAX , *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY , *NEUROANATOMY , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *BRAIN anatomy , *BRAIN physiology , *PARIETAL lobe , *TEMPORAL lobe , *AUDITORY perception , *BRAIN , *BRAIN mapping , *CEREBRAL dominance , *LANGUAGE & languages , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *REACTION time , *TIME , *PROMPTS (Psychology) , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Previous studies distinguish between right hemisphere-dominant processing of prosodic/tonal information and left-hemispheric modulation of grammatical information as well as lexical tones. Swedish word accents offer a prime testing ground to better understand this division. Although similar to lexical tones, word accents are determined by words' morphosyntactic structure, which enables listeners to use the tone at the beginning of a word to predict its grammatical ending. We recorded electrophysiological and hemodynamic brain responses to words where stem tones matched or mismatched inflectional suffixes. Tones produced brain potential effects after 136 ms, correlating with subject variability in average BOLD in left primary auditory cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Invalidly cued suffixes activated the left inferior parietal lobe, arguably reflecting increased processing cost of their meaning. Thus, interaction of word accent tones with grammatical morphology yielded a rapid neural response correlating in subject variability with activations in predominantly left-hemispheric brain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. A neurolinguistic study of South Swedish word accents: Electrical brain potentials in nouns and verbs.
- Author
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Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
- *
NEUROLINGUISTICS , *SWEDISH language , *STRESS (Linguistics) , *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *NOUNS , *VERBS - Abstract
The brain response to words with correct and incorrect word accent-suffix combinations in South Swedish was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG). Accent 1 yielded an increased brain response ('preactivation negativity') that has previously been interpreted as reflecting preactivation of suffixes. Preactivation is greater for accent I due to its association with a limited set of suffixes, whereas accent 2 is default for compound words. The tonal realization of the word accent opposition in South Swedish is practically the mirror image of that in Central Swedish, where a similar preactivation negativity has been found. Therefore, the brain response is unlikely to result from a difference in acoustic features between the word accents. Invalidly cued suffixes yielded brain response pattern showing increased processing load of the unexpected suffix (negative electric potential) followed by its reprocessing (positivity 'P600' ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Word-stem tones cue suffixes in the brain.
- Author
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Roll, Mikael, Söderström, Pelle, and Horne, Merle
- Subjects
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ENGLISH suffixes & prefixes , *ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY , *VOCABULARY , *LEXICAL grammar , *SEMANTICS , *ATTENTION , *MEANING (Philosophy) - Abstract
Abstract: High and low tones on Swedish word stems are associated with different classes of suffixes. We tested the electrophysiological effects of high and low stem tones as well as tonally cued and uncued suffixes. Two different tasks were used involving either choosing the suffix-dependent meaning of the words, or pressing a button when the word ended. To determine whether effects were in fact due to association of tones with lexical material, delexicalized stimuli were also used. High tones in lexical items produced an increase in the P2 component in both tasks, interpreted as showing passive anticipatory attention allocated to the associated upcoming suffix. This effect was absent for delexicalized forms, where instead an N1 increase was found for high tones, indicating that the high pitch was unexpected in the absence of lexical material, and did not lead to anticipatory attention. A P600 effect was found for uncued high-associated suffixes in the semantic task, which was also where the largest increase was found in reaction times. This suggests that the tonal cues were most important when participants were required to process the meaning of the words. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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10. Left-edge boundary tone and main clause verb effects on syntactic processing in embedded clauses – An ERP study
- Author
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Roll, Mikael, Horne, Merle, and Lindgren, Magnus
- Subjects
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CLAUSES (Grammar) , *PRAGMATICS , *SWEDISH language , *SYNTAX (Grammar) , *VERBALS (Grammar) , *PROSODIC analysis (Linguistics) , *VERSIFICATION , *GRAMMAR - Abstract
Abstract: We examined the effects of main clause verb pragmatics and left-edge boundary tones on syntactic processing in Swedish embedded clauses, using listener judgments and Event-Related Potentials. When the syntactic structure did not match the expectation based on the occurrence of a left-edge boundary tone, the acceptance rate decreased significantly, and a biphasic positive effect with an early peak (P345) and a late peak (P600) showed increased processing load. A larger continuous positive effect (P600) was obtained by changing an assertive main clause verb to a nonassertive verb, thereby modifying the lexical pragmatic context of the embedded clause. Increased positivity was also seen at the left-edge boundary tone when it mismatched a preceding nonassertive verb. We conclude that left-edge boundary tones are used in addition to verb pragmatics to guide the syntactic processing of embedded clauses in Swedish, and that pragmatic and prosodic information is integrated immediately. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Phonetic and phonological cues to prediction: Neurophysiology of Danish stød.
- Author
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Hjortdal, Anna, Frid, Johan, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
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INTONATION (Phonetics) , *SPEECH , *NEUROPHYSIOLOGY , *SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) , *NOUNS - Abstract
• Danish stød, a creaky voice feature, and non-stød can be used predictively. • Suffixes invalidly cued by stød/non-stød on word stems led to N400 and P600 effects. • Phonological cues associated with stød and non-stød override phonetic cues. • Word beginnings with stød have fewer continuations than those with non-stød. • The more predictively useful cue, stød, yielded more negative ERP amplitude (PrAN) A corpus study and a combined behavioural and neurophysiological study tested how phonetic and phonological features of the Danish creaky voice feature 'stød' influence predictive processing. Being associated with certain word endings, stød and its modal voice counterpart non-stød can cue upcoming speech. Stød has two phases. The first shows phonetic differences in pitch while the second, characterised by creaky voice, has been interpreted as the phonological stød proper. Participants listened to nouns cross-spliced between the two stød phases and between stem and a following singular or plural suffix. Suffixes invalidly cued by phonological stød or non-stød showed longer response times and N400 and P600 effects, the former suggesting that stød/non-stød are becoming grammaticalized as singular and plural morphemes. Even subtle phonetic differences preceding stød proper increased response times, but N400 and P600 amplitudes were not significantly increased. Results suggest predictive use of both phonetic and phonological features, but that phonological stød cues override phonetic cues. The corpus study indicated that word beginnings with stød are less frequent and have fewer possible continuations than non-stød. Stød yielded increased negativity 280–430 ms after stød proper onset, which might be interpreted as a pre-activation negativity for the more predictively useful cue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Rapid syntactic pre-activation in Broca’s area: Concurrent electrophysiological and haemodynamic recordings.
- Author
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Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, Mannfolk, Peter, Van Westen, Danielle, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
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BROCA'S area , *SUPRASYLVIAN gyrus , *WORD order (Grammar) , *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Listeners are constantly trying to predict what the speaker will say next. We concurrently measured the electrophysiological and haemodynamic correlates of syntactic pre-activation, investigating when and where the brain processes speech melody cues to upcoming word order structure. Pre-activation of syntactic structure was reflected in a left-lateralised pre-activation negativity (PrAN), which was subserved by Broca’s area in the left inferior frontal gyrus, as well as the contiguous left anterior insula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Neural processing of morphosyntactic tonal cues in second-language learners.
- Author
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Gosselke Berthelsen, Sabine, Horne, Merle, Brännström, K. Jonas, Shtyrov, Yury, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
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MORPHOSYNTAX , *SECOND language acquisition , *SUFFIXES & prefixes (Grammar) , *NATIVE language , *SWEDISH language , *STRESS (Linguistics) , *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) - Abstract
The morphosyntactic nature of word accents in Swedish makes them a perfect candidate for the study of predictive processing in language. The association of word stem accents with upcoming suffixes allows native listeners to pre-activate a word's potential ending and thereby facilitate speech processing. Unlike native speakers, second language learners are known to be less able to use prediction in their L2s. This is presumably due in particular to competing information from the learners' L1 and a poorer exposure to the relevant L2 information. Swedish word accents, however, are abundant in the input and rare cross-linguistically, making them ideal for studying the implicit acquisition of linguistic prediction in beginner L2 learners. We therefore recorded learners' electrophysiological brain responses to Swedish word accents and compared them to those of native speakers. In the native speaker group, a pronounced suffix-related PrAN (pre-activation negativity), N400 and a P600-like late positivity indicate predictive processing. The learners, however, only produced a late (400–600 ms) centrally distributed negativity for word accent processing, remarkably similar to the deflection for pure pitch height differences found in the same subject group. Crucially, correlation analysis indicated that this negativity increased (at right-lateral electrode sites) for learners with increased level of Swedish proficiency. We conclude that, to allow L2 tone-suffix association and to enable its predictive capacity, the acquisition of Swedish word accents and their predictive properties might first involve dissociation of word tones from the default L1 tonal patterns as well as sensitisation to pitch height differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Tone-grammar association within words: Concurrent ERP and fMRI show rapid neural pre-activation and involvement of left inferior frontal gyrus in pseudoword processing.
- Author
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Söderström, Pelle, Horne, Merle, Mannfolk, Peter, van Westen, Danielle, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
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EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *WORD recognition , *TONE (Phonetics) , *FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging , *AUDITORY cortex physiology , *NEURAL physiology , *PARIETAL lobe , *BRAIN mapping , *FRONTAL lobe , *LINGUISTICS , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *SPEECH perception , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Using a concurrent ERP/fMRI paradigm, we investigated how listeners take advantage of morphologically relevant tonal information at the beginning of words to predict and pre-activate likely word endings. More predictive, low tone word stems gave rise to a 'pre-activation negativity' (PrAN) in the ERPs, a brain potential which has previously been found to increase along with the degree of predictive certainty as regards how a word is going to end. It is suggested that more predictive, low tone stems lead to rapid access to word endings with processing subserved by the left primary auditory cortex as well as the supramarginal gyrus, while high tone stems - which are less predictive - decrease predictive certainty, leading to increased competition between activated word endings, which needs to be resolved by the left inferior frontal gyrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Different neural mechanisms for rapid acquisition of words with grammatical tone in learners from tonal and non-tonal backgrounds: ERP evidence.
- Author
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Gosselke Berthelsen, Sabine, Horne, Merle, Shtyrov, Yury, and Roll, Mikael
- Subjects
- *
SECOND language acquisition , *ABSOLUTE pitch , *NATIVE language , *GRAMMATICAL gender , *SEMANTICS , *TONE (Phonetics) - Abstract
• Event-related potentials suggest acquisition of grammatical tone within 20 min. • Transfer plays a role in how morphosyntactic tone is processed initially. • Tonal learners draw on native tone-morphosyntax network: early automatic processing. • Non-tonal learners are not initially able to elicit early processing components. • Non-tonal learners require consolidation period for mid-latency processing to occur. Initial second language acquisition proceeds surprisingly quickly. Foreign words can sometimes be used within minutes after the first exposure. Yet, it is unclear whether such rapid learning also takes place for more complex, multi-layered properties like words with complex morphosyntax and/or tonal features, and whether it is influenced by transfer from the learners' native language. To address these questions, we recorded tonal and non-tonal learners' brain responses while they acquired novel tonal words with grammatical gender and number on two consecutive days. Comparing the novel words to repeated but non-taught pseudoword controls, we found that tonal learners demonstrated a full range of early and late event-related potentials in novel tonal word processing: an early word recognition component (~50 ms), an early left anterior negativity (ELAN), a left anterior negativity (LAN), and a P600. Non-tonal learners exhibited mainly late processing when accessing the meaning of the tonal words: a P600, as well as a LAN after an overnight consolidation. Yet, this group displayed correlations between pitch perception abilities and ELAN, and between acquisition accuracy and LAN, suggesting that certain features may lead to facilitated processing of tonal words in non-tonal learners. Furthermore, the two groups displayed indistinguishable performance at the behavioural level, clearly suggesting that the same learning outcome may be achieved through at least partially different neural mechanisms. Overall, the results suggest that it is possible to rapidly acquire words with grammatical tone and that transfer plays an important role even in very early second language acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Microstructures of Learning : Novel methods and approaches for assessing structural and functional changes underlying knowledge acquisition in the brain
- Author
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Horne, Merle, Lindgren, Magnus, Nilsson, Markus, Roll, Mikael, Shtyrov, Yury, Ståhlberg, Freddy, and Topgaard, Daniel
- Subjects
fast mapping ,brain ,graph theory ,tractometry ,water ,microstructure ,tractography ,axons ,anisotropy ,Hippocampus ,diffusion MRI ,dorsal and ventral pathways ,dyslexia ,EEG ,biological tissue ,word learning ,audio-motor integration ,language ,language acquisition ,myelin ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,cortex ,translational motion ,Magnetic resonance ,plasticity ,connectivity ,networks ,white matter ,ERP ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging - Abstract
The interdisciplinary symposium ”Microstructures of Learning: Novel methods and approaches for assessing structural and functional changes underlying knowledge acquisition in the brain” took place on May 23, 2014 in Lund, Sweden. The cross-disciplinary meeting brought together researchers from linguistics, psychology, physics, chemistry, and neuroscience in order to discuss how knowledge, in particular, knowledge associated with learning a new language, is acquired and represented in the brain on a microstructural level. Novel non-invasive brain imaging methods for investigating language acquisition processes constituted a further theme of the symposium. For more information, please see: http://fron.tiers.in/go/y2efBK
- Published
- 2015
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