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In this article, a stochastic differential equation model is proposed to investigate how the environmental noise affects the transmission dynamics of the interaction between crime, criminality and victimization with the influence of case reporting through the short message service (SMS). We prove that there is a unique global positive solution of the stochastic system with any positive initial value which is fundamental in the dynamics of population modeling. Moreover, we get sufficient criteria for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of positive solutions to the system by establishing a series of suitable Lyapunov functions. In a biological viewpoint, the existence of a stationary distribution indicates that both criminal and victim will be persistent and coexistent in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze a stochastic multigroup DS-DI-A model for the transmission of HIV. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of positive solutions to the system by constructing a series of suitable Lyapunov functions. Moreover, we make up adequate conditions for complete eradication and wiping out of the diseases. In a biological viewpoint, the existence of a stationary distribution shows that the diseases will be prevalent and persistent in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the salient features of a stochastic multigroup SEI epidemic model. We obtain sufficient criteria for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of positive solutions to the system by establishing a series of suitable Lyapunov functions. In a biological viewpoint, the existence of a stationary distribution indicates that the diseases will be prevalent and persistent in the long term. In addition, we make up adequate conditions for complete eradication and wiping out of the diseases. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoplankton is an important indicator organism to evaluate the quality of water environment, which may reflect the nutritional level of the sea area. Conversely, environmental conditions can directly affect the community structure of phytoplankton. A stochastic phytoplankton–zooplankton model considering non-degenerate and degenerate diffusions is formulated in this paper. What’s more, in both systems, we obtain sufficient conditions of extinction and ergodicity. Our results demonstrate that the weaker white noise can ensure the permanence of zooplankton and the stronger white noise can lead to the disappearance of zooplankton. Moreover, the threshold value of extinction and persistence can serve as a theoretical basis for controlling phytoplankton and zooplankton. Numerical examples are performed on the analysis results of the two cases to confirm our theoretical results. In addition, we also provide a real-life case study, the validity of the model is verified based on experimental data, and it is shown that fluctuation of external environment and the consumption of phytoplankton by zooplankton will affect the growth and number of phytoplankton. Effectively controlling the quantity of phytoplankton can delay the occurrence of water bloom or red tide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with a stochastic multigroup S-DI-A model for the transmission of HIV with general incidence rate. We obtain sufficient criteria for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model by constructing a proper stochastic Lyapunov function. The stationary distribution implies that the diseases will be persistent in the long term. Some numerical simulations are introduced to illustrate our theoretical result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the effect of stochasticity including white noise and colored noise, this paper aims to study a hybrid stochastic cholera epidemic model with waning vaccine‐induced immunity and nonlinear telegraph perturbations. First, we derive a critical value ℛ0C related to the basic reproduction number ℛ0 of the deterministic model. The key aim of this paper is to generalize the θ‐stochastic criterion method proposed by the recent work (Han et al. in Chaos Solit Fract 140:110238, 2020) to eliminate nonlinear telegraph perturbations. Next, via constructing several θ‐stochastic Lyapunov functions and using the generalized method, we further prove that the stochastic model have a unique ergodic stationary distribution under ℛ0C>1. Results show that the prevention and control of cholera epidemic depend on low transmission rate and small telegraph perturbations. Finally, the corresponding numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our analytical results and a practical application on the Somalia cholera outbreak is shown at the end of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a stochastic predator‐prey model in chemostat which is driven by Markov regime switching. For the asymptotic behaviors of this stochastic system, we establish the sufficient conditions for the existence of the stationary distribution. Then, we investigate, respectively, the extinction of the prey and predator populations. We explore the new critical numbers between survival and extinction for species of the dual‐threshold chemostat model. Numerical simulations are accomplished to confirm our analytical conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we focus on a stochastic predator-prey model with stage structure for prey. Firstly, by using the stochastic Lyapunov function method, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model. Then we establish sufficient conditions for extinction of the predator population in two cases. Some examples and numerical simulations are carried out to validate our analytical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate a stochastic one-prey two-predator model with Holling type II functional response. We first establish sufficient conditions for persistence and extinction of prey and predator populations, then by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function, we establish sharp sufficient criteria for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model. The results show that the smaller white noise can ensure the persistence of prey and predator populations while the larger white noise can lead to the extinction of prey and predator populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A one predator and two independent preys system with stochastic perturbations is considered. First, we show that there is a positive solution of this system. Then, we investigate the long time behavior of this system. Sufficient criteria for extinction and persistence in time average are established. Moreover, it is also shown that this system has a stationary distribution and it is ergodicity. Finally, examples and simulations are carried on to verify these results. Highlights • A stochastic one predator and two independent preys system is considered. • It is difficult for the model ignoring the effect of predator's intraspecific competition. • We establish sufficient and nearly necessary criteria for extinction and persistence. • We also show that this system has a stationary distribution and it is ergodicity. • We give some simulations to verify our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we study a regime-switching predator–prey model with anti-predator behaviour and higher-order perturbations. We obtain the ergodic property by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function with regime-switching, which provides us a biological perspective of cycling phenomena of a population system, and can better describe the stochastic persistence of a population system in practice. We find that these restrictive assumptions on the functional response are relative weak and valid for many types of response functions. Highlights • A regime-switching predator–prey model with anti-predator behaviour is studied. • We obtain the ergodic property by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function. • The existence of a stationary distribution implies stochastic weak stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop and study a stochastic predator-prey model with stage structure for predator and Holling type II functional response. First of all, by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model. Then, we obtain sufficient conditions for extinction of the predator populations in two cases, that is, the first case is that the prey population survival and the predator populations extinction; the second case is that all the prey and predator populations extinction. The existence of a stationary distribution implies stochastic weak stability. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of the chemostat involving stochastic perturbation is considered. Instead of assuming the familiar Monod kinetics for nutrient uptake, a general class of functions is used which includes both monotone and non-monotone uptake functions. Using the stochastic Lyapunov analysis method, under restrictions on the intensity of the noise, we show the existence of a stationary distribution and the ergodicity of the stochastic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze a stochastic SIR model with nonlinear perturbation. By the Lyapunov function method, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution of the model. Moreover, sufficient conditions for extinction of the disease are also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stochastic autonomous and periodic predator–prey systems with Holling and Leslie type functional response are investigated. For the autonomous system, we prove that there exists a unique stationary distribution, which is ergodic by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function under relatively small white noise. The result shows that, stationary distribution doesn’t rely on the existence and the stability of the positive equilibrium in the undisturbed system. Furthermore, for the corresponding non-autonomous system, we show that there exists a positive periodic Markov process under relatively weaker condition. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the cannibalism behavior of many groups of animals in nature, a two-stage model of social insects with egg cannibalism and nonlinear perturbations is constructed and investigated in this paper. First, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution ψ (⋅) of the stochastic model. In a biological implication, the existence of the distribution ψ (⋅) implies the long-term persistence of social insects. Moreover, sufficient conditions for exponential extinction of social insects are obtained. Finally, our theoretical results are further discussed by several numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A stochastic SEIRS rabies epidemic models with two patches is studied. • We prove the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution for the stochastic model. • Sufficient conditions for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution. • For no dog travel model, we obtain the exact expression of probability density function around. • Numerical results are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results. In this paper, we propose a stochastic SEIRS rabies epidemic models with two patches to investigate the spatial spread of rabies under the influence of environmental noise. Adopting a new technique to construct the stochastic Lyapunov functions, we obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution. In addition, if the movement of dogs is forbidden, we obtain the exact expression of probability density function around a quasi-equilibrium point. Finally, numerical simulations are employed to verify our analytical results and reveal the impact of stochastic perturbations on rabies transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stochastic chemostat model in random environments that is driven by Brownian motions and subjected to Markov regime switching is considered. The new break-even concentration, i.e., critical value between persistence in mean and extinction is explored for the microorganism species. Moreover, sufficient conditions for ergodicity and positive recurrence is established by using stochastic Lyapunov analysis. Numerical simulations are accomplished to verify the analytical results. • We develop a stochastic chemostat model with Monod growth function under regime switching. • The precise threshold for persistence in mean and extinction has been established. • We proof that the stochastic chemostat model has ergodic property and the system is positive recurrent. • Both the white and colored noise have major impacts on microorganism species' persistence and extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce stochasticity into an SIR epidemic model with vaccination. The stochasticity in the model is a standard technique in stochastic population modeling. When the perturbations are small, by the method of stochastic Lyapunov functions, we carry out a detailed analysis on the dynamical behavior of the stochastic model regarding of the basic reproduction number . If , the solution of the model is oscillating around a steady state, which is the disease-free equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic model. If , there is a stationary distribution and the solution has the ergodic property, which means that the disease will prevail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will introduce a low concentration trimolecular stochastic chemical reaction model. We will prove that the solution of the system is positive and global. And then we draw a conclusion that there is a stationary distribution for the stochastic system and it has ergodicity under appropriate conditions. Finally, we test our theory conclusion by simulations. It is interesting that no matter what states the unique equilibrium of ordinary differential equation model appears, and regardless of whether the limit cycle exists, our stochastic model is always ergodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we formulate a predator–prey model with disease in the prey by stochastic perturbation. Using Lyapunov analysis methods we discuss the asymptotic behavior of this solution. Furthermore, we investigate whether that there exists a stationary distribution for this system and if it has the ergodic property. Finally we make simulations to illustrate our analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper discusses a randomized n-species Lotka–Volterra competition system. We show that this system is stable in time average under certain conditions. Furthermore, there is a stationary distribution of this system, if extra conditions are satisfied. Also we give the extinction condition of this system. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to support our results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce stochasticity into a multigroup SIR (susceptible, infective, and recovered) model. The stochasticity in the model is introduced by parameter perturbation, which is a standard technique in stochastic population modeling. In the deterministic models, the basic reproduction number is a threshold which completely determines the persistence or extinction of the disease. We carry out a detailed analysis on the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic model, also regarding of the value of . If , the solution of the model is oscillating around a steady state, which is the disease-free equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic model, whereas, if , there is a stationary distribution, which means that the disease will prevail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss a stochastic density dependent predator–prey system with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response. First, we show that this system has a unique positive solution as this is essential in any population dynamics model. Then, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of this system. When the white noise is small, the stochastic system imitates the corresponding deterministic system. Either there is a stationary distribution, or the predator population will die out. While if the white noise is large, besides the extinction of the predator population, both species in the system may also die out, which does not happen in the deterministic system. Finally, simulations are carried out to conform to our results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we show there is a stationary distribution of a predator–prey model with modified Leslie–Gower and Holling-type II schemes with stochastic perturbation and it has ergodic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we construct and analyze a stochastic predator–prey system where apart from direct predation the prey population is affected by the fear induced from predators. We obtain sufficient criteria for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of positive solutions to the system by establishing a series of suitable Lyapunov functions. In a biological interpretation, the existence of a stationary distribution indicates that both the prey and predator species will be persistent and coexistent in the long term. • A stochastic predator–prey system with fear effect is proposed and studied. • Criteria for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution are obtained. • A stationary distribution shows that both the prey and predator species will persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a three-dimensional stochastic vegetation–water model in arid ecosystems, where the soil water and the surface water are considered. First, for the deterministic model, the possible equilibria and the related local asymptotic stability are studied. Then, for the stochastic model, by constructing some suitable stochastic Lyapunov functions, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution ϖ (·) . In a biological interpretation, the existence of the distribution ϖ (·) implies the long-term persistence of vegetation under certain conditions. Taking the stochasticity into account, a quasi-positive equilibrium D ¯ ∗ related to the vegetation-positive equilibrium of the deterministic model is defined. By solving the relevant Fokker–Planck equation, we obtain the approximate expression of the distribution ϖ (·) around the equilibrium D ¯ ∗ . In addition, we obtain sufficient condition R 0 E < 1 for vegetation extinction. For practical application, we further estimate the probability of vegetation extinction at a given time. Finally, based on some actual vegetation data from Wuwei in China and Sahel, some numerical simulations are provided to verify our theoretical results and study the impact of stochastic noise on vegetation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with logistic growth and general nonlinear incidence rate. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the stochastic model by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function, which provides us a good description of persistence. We find that the hypothetical conditions on the nonlinear function are relative weak and valid for many forms of incidence rate. • A stochastic SIRS model with logistic growth and general nonlinear incidence rate is studied. • We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution. • The conditions on the nonlinear function are relative weak and valid for many forms of incidence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a stochastic cholera model with imperfect vaccination is proposed and investigated. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function. Our result may provide some new insights for elimination of cholera. Some numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate our main result. • A stochastic cholera model with imperfect vaccination is proposed and investigated. • We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution. • Our result may provide some new insights for elimination of cholera. • Some numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate our main result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A stochastic cholera model between communities linked by migration is studied. • We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution. • Our result shows that the migration and the small white noise are not beneficial for eliminating cholera. • Some examples together with numerical simulations are introduced to support the theoretical result. In this paper, we develop and study a stochastic cholera model between communities linked by migration. Firstly, we show that there exists a unique global positive solution of the considered system with any positive initial value. Then by using the stochastic Lyapunov analysis method, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model. Our result shows that the migration and the small white noise are not beneficial for eliminating cholera. Finally, some examples together with numerical simulations are introduced to support the theoretical result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the dynamic behavior of the stochastic Belousov-Zhabotinskii chemical reaction model. First, the existence and uniqueness of the stochastic model's positive solution is proved. Then we show the stochastic Belousov-Zhabotinskii system has ergodicity and a stationary distribution. Finally, we present some simulations to illustrate our theoretical results. We note that the unique equilibrium of the original ordinary differential equation model is globally asymptotically stable under appropriate conditions of the parameter value f, while the stochastic model is ergodic regardless of the value of f. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a stochastic staged progression HIV model with imperfect vaccination. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model by using the stochastic Lyapunov analysis method. • A stochastic staged progression HIV model with imperfect vaccination is studied. • We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution. • The existence of a stationary distribution implies the stochastic weak stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of viral infection of monocytes population by dengue virus with immune response which is perturbed by both white and telegraph noises. By constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function with regime switching, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model. The existence of a stationary distribution implies stochastic weak stability. • A stochastic dengue infection model with immune response and regime switching is studied. • We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution. • The existence of a stationary distribution implies stochastic weak stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stochastic predator–prey systems with different functional responses have been studied. But the dynamics of a Michaelis–Menten-type ratio-dependent predator–prey system with stochastic perturbation is not investigated systematically. In this paper, we give the asymptotic behavior of this system. Sufficient criteria for the existence of a stationary distribution and ergodicity are obtained, which means the species are permanent. Besides, we show the situations in which the species are non-persistence. Finally, examples and simulations are carried on to verify these results. • This paper discusses the rich dynamics of a stochastic ratio-dependent predator–prey model. • Criteria for the existence of a stationary distribution are given through constructing suitable Lyapunov functions. • Sufficient conditions for the non-persistence of the species are obtained. • Our conditions and results are consistent in its corresponding deterministic model. • White noise can make conditions in our results be satisfied, and large white noise can lead the extinction of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics behavior of DS‐I‐A epidemic model with multiple stochastic perturbations. Sufficient conditions for extinction of disease are established. Especially, we conclude that there is a stationary distribution for the stochastic system and it has ergodicity under appropriate conditions. At last, some examples and simulations are provided to illustrate our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the DS-I-A model with periodic parameter function and Markovian switching. First, we will prove that the solution of the system is positive and global. Furthermore, we draw a conclusion that there exists nontrivial positive periodic solution for the stochastic system and we establish sufficient conditions for extinction of system. Moreover, we construct stochastic Lyapunov functions with regime switching to obtain the existence of ergodic stationary distribution of the solution to DS-I-A model perturbed by white and telephone noises and we also establish sufficient conditions for extinction of system with regime switching. Finally, we test our theory conclusion by simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce stochasticity into a multigroup SIS model. We present the sufficient condition for the exponential extinction of the disease and prove that the noises significantly raise the threshold of a deterministic system. In the case of persistence, we prove that there exists an invariant distribution which is ergodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]