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Lead-exposure is known to disrupt the redox balance of tissues leading to oxidative stress. Due to the fact that a mucolytic drug, erdosteine, exerts also antioxidant properties, we decided to perform a pilot study on rats to evaluate its therapeutic potency in lead poisoning. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into the following seven groups having 10 animals in each. Group I served as the control group. During 8-week period, rats in groups II–IV, except standard alimentation, received: erdosteine in a dose 350 mg/kg (collateral control group), 1200 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water and placebo, as well as the same doses of lead and erdosteine, respectively. Rats in group V–VII received 1200 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for the initial 6-week period and then administered: placebo, erdosteine and EDTA for 2 weeks, respectively. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly higher in groups III and V compared to the control group. The activities of catalase (CAT) were significantly higher in groups IV, V, and VI compared to the control group. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly lower in group II and significantly higher in groups VI and VII compared to the control group, while the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly lower in group III and significantly higher in group VI. Erdosteine has an effect of protection against lead-induced oxidative stress which is not worse than that of EDTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]