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Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether continual electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) measurements at home can capture the fluctuations in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores between visits. Methods: We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare the scores obtained by standard practice (paper-based measurements in the hospital) to scores by continuous measurement of ePRO at home. Metastatic cancer patients were randomly assigned to either the paper-based (n = 50) or the ePRO group (n = 52). EQ-5D-5L and EORTC QLQ C-30 scores were obtained on 3 different chemotherapy days in the paper-based group. Meanwhile, scores were obtained on the chemotherapy day and on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 in the ePRO group during 2 cycles. The first hypothesis of our study was that both scores at the same time points would be equivalent despite different measurement frequency, place, or mode of measurement. The second hypothesis was that PRO score–adjusted time would be different between the groups. For equivalence, the endpoint was the mean EQ-5D-5L index value on the chemotherapy day before the outpatient treatment. Only if equivalence was shown, quality-adjusted life-days (QALDs) were considered using all the data. Results: The adjusted mean difference in the EQ-5D-5L index was determined to be −0.013 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.049 to 0.022); the 95% CI did not exceed the equivalence margin. Similarly, the mean difference in global health status (2.28 [95% CI: −2.55 to 7.11]) also showed equivalence. However, the QALD by EQ-5D-5L was significantly lower in the ePRO group by 1.36 per 30 d (95% CI: −2.22 to −0.51; P = 0.0021). Conclusions: Continual measurements of the HRQOL at home by ePRO may yield more detailed profiles of the HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to establish the Japanese population norms of the EQ-5D-5L and Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) and estimate the disutility associated with diseases and symptoms.Methods: We performed a door-to-door survey of the general population by random sampling. The planned sample size was 10 000 residents (age ≥16 years) of 334 districts in Japan. In addition to the EQ-5D-5L and HUI3 questionnaires, questions regarding demographic factors and self-reported main diseases and symptoms were asked. The EQ-5D-5L and HUI3 responses were converted to index values on the basis of Japanese value sets. Summary values by age and sex were calculated to obtain Japanese normative values. A multiple linear model was used to examine relationships between these values and diseases and symptoms.Results: We collected 10 183 responses from 334 districts. The mean EQ-5D-5L index values were 0.821 (male) and 0.774 (female) in the age group of 80 to 89 years, which were lower compared with 0.978 (male) and 0.967 (female) in the age group of 16 to 19 years. Similar trends were observed for the HUI3 values. Age, sex, household income, and education level had a significant influence on the values of both instruments. When measured with the EQ-5D-5L, Parkinson disease, dementia, and stroke were associated with the largest disutility (>0.2), and the disutility for depression was approximately 0.18. In contrast, the HUI3 disutility values for Parkinson disease and dementia were approximately 0.4.Conclusions: This study established the Japanese population norms of the EQ-5D-5L and HUI3, which can be used in healthcare decision making and contribute to a more reliable analysis of economic evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The goal of the present study was to determine factors related to a ceiling effect (CE) on the EQ-5D-5L among Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PC).Methods: An existent cross-sectional observational study dataset was used. Patients were ≥ 20 years of age and diagnosed with PC. For CE determinants on the EQ-5D-5L, we excluded possible "full-health" patients flagged by the EQ-VAS (score = 100) and/or FACT-P (score = 156) instruments. We then divided them into binary variables: A CE group (EQ-5D-5L score = 1) and others (< 1). The associations between CE, sociodemographic and medical characteristics, and FACT-P subscale scores were examined using a multivariate LASSO selection followed by a binomial logistic regression analysis performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 362 patients were analyzed. The LASSO selection variables, including all obtained variables, were as follows: age, palliative treatment, FACT-P physical well-being, and PC subscale score. Statistically significant variables predicting CE were palliative treatment (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.09-0.60), physical well-being (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.34-1.76), and PC subscale (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.14).Conclusions: This study revealed that palliative treatment and two FACT-P physical well-being and PC subscale scores were positively related to CE on the EQ-5D-5L. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine predictors of CE on the EQ-5D-5L. The present results may be helpful for facilitating the consideration of "bolt-on" studies from the standpoint of PC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The valuation study of the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) involved composite time trade-off (cTTO) and a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The DCE scores must be anchored to the quality-of-life scale from 0 (death) to 1 (full health). Nevertheless, the characteristics of the statistical methods used for converting the EQ-5D-5L DCE results by using TTO information are not yet clearly known.Objectives: To present the Japanese DCE value set of the EQ-5D-5L and compare three methods for converting latent DCE values.Methods: The survey sampled the general population at five locations in Japan. 1098 respondents were stratified by age and sex. To obtain and compare the value sets of the EQ-5D-5L, the cTTO and DCE data were analyzed by a linear mixed model and conditional logit, respectively. The DCE scores were converted to the quality-of-life scale by anchoring to the worst state using cTTO, mapping DCE onto cTTO, and a hybrid model.Results: The data from 1026 respondents were analyzed. All the coefficients in the cTTO and DCE value sets were consistent throughout all the analyses. Compared with the cTTO algorithm, the mapping and hybrid methods yielded very similar scoring coefficients. The hybrid model results, however, produced a lower root mean square error and fewer health states with errors exceeding 0.05 than did the other models. The DCE anchored to the worst state overestimated the cTTO scores of almost all the health states.Conclusions: Japanese value sets based on DCE were demonstrated. On comparing the observed cTTO scores, we found that the hybrid model was slightly superior to the simpler methods, including the TTO model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]