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Copyright of Lifestyle Medicine (26883740) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice / Études Critiques sur le Genre, la Culture, et la Justice is the property of Mount Saint Vincent University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Objectives A physician's work environment varies greatly depending on their medical specialty. As such, it may dictate their stress levels, work‐life balance, satisfaction, and, ultimately, expected age of death. This paper aims to determine trends in Canadian physician deaths and determine the median age of death for different specialties. Methods We examined physician obituaries from the Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) published between 2000 and 2023, extracting age at death and medical specialty. Results The median age of death for doctors had a steady incline between 1999 and 2023 with a median age of 80 years. Careers in psychiatry (p = 0.020, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.00, 4.00]) and emergency medicine (p = 0.025, 95% CI [7.00, 26.00]) were associated with decreased average ages of death, while careers in surgery (p < 0.001, 95% CI [−4.00, −2.00]), internal medicine (p = 0.038, 95% CI [−3.00, −1.00]), and public health (p = 0.016. 95% CI [−9.00, −2.00]) correlated with older ages of death. Of the statistically significant specialties, emergency medicine physicians had the lowest median age at death (59 years) while surgery and public health had the highest (81.5 and 83.5, respectively). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the median age of death differs across different medical specialties. Moving forward, the CMAJ should report physician obituaries consistently in a standardized format as it holds the most extensive obituary dataset despite missing significant data between 2008 and 2022.

Canadian healthcare systems are facing unprecedented challenges in recruiting and retaining workers. Literature on healthcare burnout and professional exit suggest multiple intersecting causes. Understaffing, residual trauma, compassion fatigue, demanding hours, rigid hierarchies, and moral distress, interlock and compound to create and sustain the current burnout crisis. In the face of this frightening reality, healthcare institutions and governments are investing billions in wellness programs, aimed at attracting new workers and incentivizing staff retention. Amid this rapidly evolving landscape, our workshop asked: Does clinical ethics have a role in addressing the ongoing burnout crisis? If, as the research suggests, moral distress and moral injury are key drivers of the burnout problem, should bioethics be part of the “wellness” solution?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Student Affairs in Africa is the property of Journal of Student Affairs in Africa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal is the property of Pappin Communications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It was not until the end of the twentieth century that research has begun to focus on the school effect (Grisay, 1990) and, more specifically, the headmaster effect (Gather Thurler, 1998). Headmaster are now being asked to deliver results, which amounts to a radical transformation of their previously control-oriented role. Their actions must be aligned with this mission: to get staff and students to do what they need to do to achieve the goals set by the government. They have to get used to it and endure what it does to himself. Our researches show that in fact he is led to do, therefore to act, with many constraints and to spare himself to serve and survive. What resources must be identified to exercise this new form given to the profession without yielding to the mirage of an idealized management? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La prévention de l'épuisement professionnel est un enjeu majeur pour les entreprises. Toutefois, elles n'ont pas toujours la possibilité d'avoir accès à des outils adaptés pour la mise en place de politique de prévention. Elle s'inscrit dans le projet de créer et de diffuser un questionnaire, adapté aux besoins des salariés, permettant de mesurer l'épuisement professionnel. L'étude a été diffusée en ligne auprès de salariés francophones (N = 680). Les résultats des analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires indiquent deux dimensions (épuisement et tensions interpersonnelles) ayant une cohérence interne élevée. Cette structure factorielle est confirmée auprès des hommes et des femmes ainsi que des travailleurs français et belges par l'intermédiaire d'analyses de l'invariance de la mesure. La validité de critère est vérifiée au regard des relations entretenues entre les scores aux dimensions de l'IFEP et ceux obtenus au MBI-GS, à la mesure de la volonté de quitter l'entreprise, à l'échelle d'évaluation de la santé subjective ainsi que le nombre de jours de congé maladie. L'ensemble des résultats aux analyses réalisées dans cette étude montre des qualités psychométriques satisfaisantes de l'inventaire français de l'épuisement professionnel (IFEP), une nouvelle mesure de l'épuisement professionnel utilisable dans de nombreux contextes de travail francophones. The prevention of burnout is a major issue for companies. However, they do not always have access to tools adapted to the implementation of prevention policies. This study is part of a project to create a questionnaire adapted to employees' needs in the field of burnout measurement. The survey was distributed online to French-speakers workers (N = 680). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated two dimensions (exhaustion and interpersonal stress) with high internal consistency. This factorial structure was confirmed for men and women as well as for French and Belgian workers by means of measurement invariance analyses. Criterion validity was verified regarding the relationships between the scores on the IFEP dimensions and those obtained with the MBI-GS, the measure of the intent to quit, the subjective health scale and the number of days of sick. The overall results of the analyses performed in this study show satisfactory psychometric qualities of the French Burnout Inventory (IFEP), a new measure of burnout that can be used in many French-speakers work contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontline workers have been distinctively impacted by the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Teachers, as frontline employees in the educational system, had to contend with unprecedented changes to their work role, as well as new job demands coupled with insufficient resources and the effects of the pandemic on their personal lives. While some teachers struggled to cope and reported intense levels of fear of COVID-19 and burnout, others were able to adapt and experienced a sense of growth and accomplishment. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the role of resilience in the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and burnout among South African schoolteachers using a survey design. Schoolteachers in South Africa (n = 355) were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-10. The results showed a positive relationship between fear of COVID-19 and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Moreover, structural equation modeling confirmed a health-sustaining role for resilience as it had a significant direct effect on burnout. Resilience also partially mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on depersonalization as well as emotional exhaustion, and fully mediated the impact of fear of COVID-19 on personal accomplishment. Our findings underscore that promoting individual- and institutional-level strategies to support teachers is necessary to build resilience, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The objective of our study was to understand how Canadian rural family physicians (RFPs) define and use resilience strategies to maintain their roles as generalists and resist burnout, while also understanding how organisational supports and systems may play a role. Methods: This was a qualitative study of RFPs with at least 1 year of experience working in rural Canada. Data were collected via semi structured, in depth interviews using a grounded theory approach. The participant recruitment process involved purposive and theoretical sampling, and was stopped when theoretical saturation was reached. Results: RFPs identified the following five themes related to resilience: (1) powerlessness, (2) strained work/life balance, (3) colleagues as supportive or straining, (4) living under the microscope and (5) compassion fatigue or empathy. Strategies to enhance resilience were identified at personal, community and organisational levels by participants. Conclusion: Enhancing RFPs' awareness of the specific individual and organisational strategies, as well as system oriented solutions to maintain resilience, is of benefit to RFPs and rural and remote communities across Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les cliniciens sont de plus en plus souvent sollicités pour des problèmes de souffrance au travail. Plusieurs modèles existent pour décrire les rapports du sujet avec son travail. La plupart abordent la question sous l'angle de la réaction du sujet par rapport à son environnement professionnel et à ses contraintes. En partant de la notion du Sentiment d'Efficacité Personnelle décrit par Albert Bandura, vu comme principale source de motivation et de persévérance, nous proposons une modélisation sur 4 axes, chacun représentant une dimension de la perception cognitive qu'a le sujet de son rapport à l'activité professionnelle : Le Sentiment d'Efficacité, en lien avec les Attentes perçues, l'Investissement pour le travail, et les perceptions de Récompense (ou de Renforcement). Ce modèle peut être présenté sous la forme d'un schéma, les 4 dimensions représentant les 4 sommets d'un parallélépipède, formant l'acronyme AIRE (Attente–Investissement–Renforcement–Efficacité). Plus le rapport au travail est équilibré, plus la figure est régulière, avec une forme de rectangle. Les différents types de souffrance peuvent se traduire avec des distorsions différentes de ce rectangle de base. L'intérêt est de proposer au sujet une modélisation à même de traduire ses difficultés et de mettre en œuvre, dans un rapport collaboratif des axes de changement afin de revenir, autant que possible, à un état d'équilibre. Mental-health professionals are increasingly solicited for work-related suffering problems. If considered alone, the difficulty of the tasks in the workplace cannot explain the phenomena of exhaustion and suffering, and the increase in the impact of these troubles requires the use of functional and descriptive models. Various ones have been suggested and are utilized: Seyle's general adaptation syndrome model; Lazarus and Folkman's stress adaptation model, which focuses on the transactions between the subject and their environment and the strategies (coping) used to adapt; Karasek's model, confronting the pressure of demands with the self-sufficiency abilities and the social support; Siegrist's model, assessing the scale between the efforts demanded to the subject and all the reinforcements drawn from work; Finally, Demerouti's model, for whom there are two essential dimensions: the demands, and the resources, source of engagement and achievement. Starting from Albert Bandura's works, we suggest describing the relationship to work through the feeling of the self-efficacy perceived (or not) by a subject in their professional activity. The feeling of efficacy is a subjective perception, linked to one particular activity (for example, a sport), different from self-esteem or self-confidence, and supposedly constitutes the main source of motivation and dedication for this activity. It interacts with the expectations from the environment perceived by the subject for the given activity. The interaction between a strong feeling of efficacy and perceptions of high expectations supposedly leads to a proper commitment and a feeling of satisfaction. Hence a fulfilling relationship to work is seemingly based on an adequate feeling of efficacy and suitable for the professional activity, interacting accordingly with actual but not excessively high expectations. To complete the description of the relationship to work, we suggest adding two parameters: the commitment of the subject in the professional activity and the reinforcements received through this activity. It really is a matter of cognitive notions, corresponding to the subject's vision and perception in each area. This description is schematized by four parameters as follows Expectations – Commitment – Reinforcements – Efficiency, represented by a quadrilateral, with these 4 parameters as vertexes. The relationship to work is represented by each one of the sides: The EC segment Expectations – Commitment refers to the subject's desire and initial willpower for his work; The CR segment Commitment – expected Reinforcements represents the persistence and motivational aspect: rewards are implicitly expected depending on the provided commitment. The segment RE perceived Reinforcements–feeling of Efficiency represents the most intimate aspect experienced by the subject in their work time and one's attachment to a professional environment. The EE segment (Expectations–feeling of Efficiency) refers to the way the subject approaches the task to do. In a balanced relationship to work, the quadrilateral is regular, rectangular or square, with an "average" surface area. On the contrary, imbalances are represented by an irregular quadrilateral, and/or a too small or big surface area. Some of the typical clinical pictures (Burn-Out, Bore-Out, impostor syndrome, etc.) will lead to easily identifiable cases: thus the Burn-Out is characterized by expectations perceived as high, an initially conserved commitment which then collapses (linked to cynicism), reinforcements perceived as insufficient and a low feeling of efficiency. During a consultation with a patient, it is particularly useful for them to establish their own representation of their relationship to work and to share it with the therapist. If suffering is experienced, the goal is to get balance back, firstly by talking about the rationality of their perception of in each of these dimensions, on a standard model of cognitive therapy, then in a more behavioral approach, by leading to the required practical modifications, when it is possible, in each dimension. The perception of one's relationship to work is indeed targeted, aiming at a short therapy, and not a global psycho-therapeutic effort on personality aspects. In this experience, this model facilitates the usual collaborative link in behavioral therapy, and the implementation of changes. In order to try out the validity of this model, it would be interesting to evaluate the reproducibility of its usage among several therapists, and to suggest a structured treatment program by assessing the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pre-graduate medical students are particularly at risk for psychosocial risks and burnout. Awareness of these risks is a necessary step in order to benefit from preventive measures. Objectives: To explore medical students’ perceptions and representations of the psychosocial risks to which they are exposed; to identify didactic and pedagogical issues. Methods: Qualitative study conducted at the University of Toulouse (France) by means of semi-directed interviews with medical students, until the data were saturated. Data analysis was carried out using the grounded theory method, with triangulation of the researchers. Results: Thirteen interviews were conducted. Psychosocial risks were found through the expression of difficulties experienced, but the notion of risk was not very closely linked to it. The feeling of non-legitimacy, the weight of the hierarchy, the dogma of the infallible doctor, the taboo of the difficulties including the neutralization of the emotions formed a psychic enclosure (huis clos) constraining the reflection towards the analysis of the risks. This mental enclosure could stem from the hidden curriculum in medical studies. Revealing the hidden curriculum, in interaction with the development of reflexivity and the teaching of humanities and ethics, could promote the analysis of the risks and also participate in the development of students’ professionalism. The integration of these notions into the academic programs and into hospital clinical clerkships could be encouraged. Conclusion: Steering students and their trainers to recognize and legitimize the difficulties present in medical studies is part of an approach that promotes well-being and strengthens students’ clinical and human skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner si l'épuisement professionnel chez les soignants travaillant en Ehpad entraîne une perception accrue de l'agressivité des résidents et une faible satisfaction dans la relation partagée entre le soignant et le résident. Les données ont été collectées dans un échantillon de 52 infirmiers et aides-soignants travaillant en Ehpad. Ainsi, nous avons comparé la perception de l'agressivité et la satisfaction relationnelle éprouvée par 26 soignants présentant un épuisement professionnel par rapport à 26 soignants n'en présentant pas. Les résultats montrent que les soignants présentant de l'épuisement professionnel avaient une perception plus accrue de l'agressivité des résidents. Cette perception de l'agressivité engendrait une insatisfaction dans la relation partagée avec le résident. L'épuisement professionnel est donc associé à une perception plus élevée de l'agressivité et à une insatisfaction relationnelle avec le résident. This study is aimed to explore whether professional exhaustion among caregivers working in nursing homes causes an increased perception of resident aggressiveness and a lower satisfaction in the relationship between the caregiver and the resident. The data were collected from a sample of 52 nurses and caregivers working in retirement homes. We compared the perception of aggressiveness and relational satisfaction in 26 caregivers to 26 without a professional exhaustion condition, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory , Yudofsky's Manifest Aggression Scale , and Wilguski's Caregiver Satisfaction Scale. The results show that caregivers with professional exhaustion have a much greater perception of resident aggressiessiveness. This perception of aggressiessiveness generates a relational dissatisfaction with the resident. Professional exhaustion is therefore associated with higher perception of aggressiveness and relational dissatisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le burn-out (BO) est un état chronique causé par un niveau de stress élevé. L'anesthésie réanimation est une discipline médicale stressante qui expose à l'épuisement professionnel. Déterminer la prévalence du BO chez une population de techniciens supérieurs d'anesthésie réanimation (TSAR) et identifier les différents facteurs qui y sont associés. Étude transversale descriptive menée sur les trois derniers mois de l'année 2015, auprès des TSAR exerçant au Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Farhat Hached de Sousse. La collecte des données socio-professionnelles s'est basée sur un auto-questionnaire anonyme. L'évaluation du stress était faite par des instruments de mesures validés, à savoir les questionnaires de Siegrist et de Karasek et l'évaluation du BO par le Maslach Burnout Inventory. Notre étude a concerné 46 TSAR, dont 41 % étaient en état de job-strain. Par ailleurs, 23,9 % des TSAR présentaient un déséquilibre effort/récompense. La prévalence du BO dans sa forme sévère et complète était de l'ordre de 8,7 % et dans sa forme incomplète de l'ordre de 39,1 %. Les TSAR du bloc opératoire de gynéco-obstétrique étaient les plus concernés par le BO. En étude univariée, aucun facteur personnel ni professionnel n'était significativement associé à la survenue du BO. Nos résultats rejoignent ceux des études antérieures confirmant le taux de prévalence non négligeable du BO auprès de TSAR. Par conséquent, il s'avère important de prendre en considération les facteurs qui y sont associés vu leur retentissement sur le bien-être des anesthésistes et sur la qualité des soins fournis pour les patients. Burnout syndrome (BO) is a major psychosocial problem caused by chronic stress in the work environment. It is reaching epidemic levels in the medical population. Anesthesiology is among the most stressful medical disciplines which expose to BO. In fact, anesthesia technicians face frequent clinically challenging scenarios, which are an inevitable source of stress. To identify the prevalence of BO among anesthesia technicians, and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study conducted for a period of 3 months in 2015 among anesthesia technicians in Farhat Hached Teaching Hospital in the central region of Tunisia. The survey covered all anesthetists in the operating room of gynecologist-obstetrics, visceral surgery, otolaryngology and ophthalmology. Data collection was based on a self-administered questionnaire with validated tools assessing burn-out (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and stress (Siegrist and Karasek). The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 software. A descriptive analysis was performed, also univariate analysis was performed calculating p values and OR. The significance level was set at 5%. Among 53 anesthesia technicians from 4 operating rooms, 46 anesthetists completed the survey indicating a response rate of 88%. According to the "Job Content Inventory", 41% of technicians were in job-strain. Overall, 52.2% anesthetists indicated high levels of emotional exhaustion, 34.8% indicated high levels of depersonalization, and 43.5% showed low personal accomplishment. According to the Siegrist model, 23.9% of cases had an effort/reward imbalance. The results show that 8.7% of participants suffered from high levels of overall BO, while 39.1% experienced medium levels. A rate of 39.1%, 65.2%, and 56.5% of respondents scored in "high" or "moderate" risk of burn out (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment, respectively). The technicians of the operating room of gyneco-obstetrics were most at risk of BO. There was no significant relationship between BO and socio-demographic evaluated characteristics (age, gender, marital status, having children, poor relationship with family members and marital conflicts). Also, none of the occupational evaluated characteristics (work station, more than 20 years of seniority at work, break time at work, the last rest of 2 consecutive days dates back to more than 15 days, number of free weekends in the last 3 months, lack of rest compensator guard post, low social support and high degree of effort and overinvestment) were significantly associated with BO. Our results are in accordance with those of previous studies confirming the high prevalence rate of BO among anesthesia technicians. No significant association, between BO and socio-demographic or occupational characteristics, was found in the present study. In spite of our results, some associated factors to BO should be taken into consideration because of their impact on the well-being of anesthesiologists and the quality of care provided to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude avait pour but de comprendre le rôle indirect du soutien social des collègues et du soutien de la hiérarchie entre le harcèlement moral, les trois formes de justice organisationnelle (procédurale, interpersonnelle et informationnelle), l'engagement affectif et la résultante en termes d'épuisement émotionnel. Les données issues d'un questionnaire soumis à 92 sujets ont fait l'objet de corrélations, de régressions linéaires et d'analyses de médiations. Les régressions montrent que le harcèlement moral, les justices procédurale, interpersonnelle et informationnelle ainsi que l'engagement affectif expliquent l'épuisement émotionnel. Les analyses de médiations montrent que le soutien social des collègues exerce un effet indirect entre les justices interpersonnelle, informationnelle, procédurale et l'épuisement émotionnel. Enfin, le soutien social de la hiérarchie exerce un effet indirect entre la justice informationnelle, la justice procédurale et l'épuisement émotionnel. The purpose of this study was to understand the indirect role of hierarchical and colleagues social support between bullying and the three forms of organizational (procedural, interpersonal, and informational) justice in one hand, the emotional commitment and outcome in terms of emotional exhaustion on the other hand. The data collected from survey submitted to 92 subjects were subjected to correlation, linear regressions and mediation analyzes. The regressions show that psychological bullying added to procedural, interpersonal and informational justice, as well as emotional engagement explains emotional exhaustion. Mediation analyzes also reveal that social support for colleagues has an indirect effect between interpersonal, informational, procedural and emotional exhaustion. Finally, the hierarchy social support has an indirect effect between the informational justice, procedural justice and emotional exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'épuisement académique est un problème majeur de santé publique, a fortiori chez les étudiants en thèse qui font figure de population particulièrement vulnérable au syndrome. Si un repérage précoce du burnout préviendrait ses effets sur la santé mentale et la performance académique, la validation d'un tel instrument en langue française adapté aux particularités des doctorants restait encore à établir. La présente étude propose la validation d'une échelle d'épuisement académique doctorant (la MBI-SS-D) adaptée de la version française de la Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI-SS). Pas moins de 1150 doctorants issus de plus d'une dizaine de cursus en France ont répondu au questionnaire en ligne. Ils étaient encore 862 au retest six mois plus tard. Les analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires aux deux temps ont invariablement permis de retrouver la structure tridimensionnelle du burnout (épuisement émotionnel, cynisme, auto-efficacité académique). Les indices alpha et oméga proches de.80 et les coefficients split-half entre.70 et.89 renforçaient cette observation. Par ailleurs, les tests d'invariance métrique et structurale prouvaient la grande stabilité test-retest du MBI-SS-D jusqu'au critère le plus strict. Concernant la validité divergente, la mesure du burnout était liée négativement avec aussi bien l'optimisme (rs = −.41 ; p <.001) que la résilience (rs = −.32 ; p <.001). Le MBI-SS-D démontre de réelles qualités psychométriques. Il constitue à l'heure actuelle le seul outil en langue française permettant une mesure valide de l'épuisement académique à des fins de recherche ou de pratique clinique chez les doctorants. Academic burnout is a major public health issue, especially among PhD students who are particularly vulnerable to the syndrome. Although early identification of burnout would prevent its effects on mental health and academic performance, the validation of such instrument in French adapted to the specificities of PhD students still had to be established. Materiel and methods This study proposes the validation of a PhD student academic burnout scale (MBI-SS-D) adapted from the French version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). No less than 1150 PhD students from more than ten courses in France answered the online questionnaire. There were still 862 of them at the retest 6 months later. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses at both times irremediably confirmed the three-dimensional structure of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, academic self-efficacy). The alpha and omega indices close to.80 and the split-half coefficients between.70 and.89 reinforced this observation. In addition, the metric and structural invariance tests proved the high test-retest stability of MBI-SS-D up to the most stringent criterion. Regarding divergent validity, the burnout measure was negatively related to both optimism (Rs = −.41; P <.001) and resilience (Rs = −.32; P <.001). The MBI-SS-D shows real psychometric qualities. It is currently the only French-language tool that provides a valid measure of academic burnout for research or clinical practice purposes among PhD students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematically ascertained data on job stress and burnout and their antecedents and mediators in health professionals from low- and middle-income countries are scant. This cross sectional survey, conducted from July 2007 to August 2008, of consenting medical and surgical faculty of a large, charitable, teaching hospital aimed to evaluate: 1) the prevalence and sources of job stress and job satisfaction, and the ways used to cope with stress; 2) the prevalence of burnout and mental distress; and 3) the influence of age, gender, empathy and religious or spiritual beliefs on job stress, satisfaction, mental health and burnout. Of 345 respondents, high job stress on the Physician Stress and Satisfaction questionnaire were reported by 23%. However, 98% of faculty reported high levels of job satisfaction with deriving intellectual stimulation from teaching and a high level of responsibility identified as important contributory sources. Significantly more respondents aged < 45 years compared to older faculty achieved moderate or high scores on Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. General Health Questionnaire-12 scores suggested psychiatric morbidity in 21%, particularly in younger faculty. High job stress was associated with high scores for Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization. High scores on the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy correlated with high scores of Emotional Exhaustion. Religious or spiritual beliefs strongly influencing attitudes to work were significantly associated with high levels of Personal Accomplishment. This study provides data that will inform the design and implementation of interventions to reduce job stress and burnout and improve retention of faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research & Practice is the property of Canadian Association of Midwives and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trabalho EnCena is the property of Trabalho EnCena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: Les soignants en établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (Ehpad) sont sujets à développer un burn-out mais peu d'études s'y sont intéressées. Les objectifs de cette étude visaient à : 1) évaluer le stress professionnel et le soutien social perçus, les stratégies de coping utilisées et le niveau de burn-out des soignants en Ehpad, notamment des infirmières, aides-soignantes et aides-médico-psychologiques ; 2) relever les différences de stratégies de coping selon le niveau de burn-out ; 3) analyser les liens entre ces variables. Vingt-et-un soignants ont participé à la recherche et ont complété différents questionnaires permettant de mesurer le niveau de burn-out, le stress perçu, le soutien social perçu et les stratégies de coping. Les résultats montrent un niveau faible de burn-out et de stress perçu, un soutien social perçu comme satisfaisant et l'utilisation de stratégies fonctionnelles, notamment pour les soignants ayant un faible niveau de burn-out contrairement à ceux ayant un niveau modéré ou élevé, qui utilisent davantage de stratégies dysfonctionnelles. Des liens significatifs entre le stress professionnel perçu et l'épuisement émotionnel d'une part, et l'accomplissement personnel, d'autre part, le soutien social perçu et l'épuisement émotionnel et enfin le stress professionnel perçu et le soutien social perçu ont également été observés. Caregivers in dependent elderly people facilities may develop a burn-out, but few studies have been conducted on the subject. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feelings of professional stress and social support, coping strategies and caregivers' burn-out including nurses, caregivers and medical psychologists, to identify the different coping strategies according to the burn-out level, and to analyze the links between burn-out, perceived work stress and perceived social support. Seven facilities were contacted, but only three sent back valid response questionnaires. Twenty-one caregivers completed the questionnaires (socio-demographic data, MBI, Brief Cope, SSQ6, JSS). Results showed a low level of burn-out and perceived stress and a satisfactory perceived social support. Functional coping strategies were used, especially by caregivers with lower burn-out level (positive reinterpretation) unlike caregivers with moderate or high burn-out level that used more dysfunctional strategies (substance abuse). Significant links were found between perceived work stress and emotional exhaustion, and between personal accomplishment, perceived social support and emotional exhaustion, and between perceived work stress and perceived social support. These results show the relevance of creating working groups for caregivers in stress situations. The groups help to develop or maintain functional coping strategies and provide adequate social support for the healthcare team. Taking into account burn-out improves caregivers' job satisfaction and care quality for the residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La profession médicale est un métier stressant, pouvant engendrer un syndrome d'épuisement professionnel ou burnout syndrom (BOS). Le but de cette étude était de déterminer les degrés du BOS (faible, moyen, élevé) de par ses dimensions et les facteurs liés à l'activité professionnelle du médecin qui lui étaient corrélés. Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, en 2012, par auto-questionnaire, auprès des médecins du Centre Hospitalier de Soavinandriana et du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona. Des tests de corrélation et de régression linéaire ont été effectués (SigmaStat3.5). Le taux de réponse à l'enquête a été de 47,1% sur 138 médecins hospitaliers. Le nombre de dossiers retenus était de 48. La population de l'étude était à prédominance masculine (sex ratio: 1,8) avec un âge médian de 37 [25-59] ans. Les internes de spécialité et les médecins assistants représentaient 56,3% de la population. Selon l'ancienneté 16,7% étaient dans le métier depuis moins d'un an. Le burnout syndrom a été observé dans 51,2 % des cas avec un degré élevé pour 4,2% des médecins. Le titre avait une corrélation significative avec le syndrome d'épuisement professionnel et son degré (p=0,0142 et p=0,0362), notamment l'épuisement émotionnel (p=0,0414). L'apparition du BOS n'était ni corrélé avec l'ancienneté du médecin ni avec le secteur d'activité. Le BOS existe en milieu hospitalier, surtout lié au titre du médecin. Il est essentiel de le diagnostiquer au plus tôt pour en éviter ses conséquences délétères.

The aim of the study was to analyze how occupational commitment and perceived job opportunities (organizational factors), career adaptability and Coping (individual factors) contribute to the prediction of burnout. This quantitative study had a sample of 246 nurses from three hospitals in the south region of Brazil. Data were submitted to stepwise backward multiple regressions using the software SPSS 22. Predictive analysis of all the independent variables with respect to the characterization burnout revealed an Raj (predictive factor) of 49.5%. The results confirm that the organizational factors trigger burnout. However, it is possible to also see the importance of individual factors that trigger burnout syndrome. There is a need to build an environment that minimizes the predictive variables of burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La période étudiante constitue une étape importante parmi les différents événements dans la vie de l'individu. Les étudiants sont soumis à de fortes pressions de réussite ce qui ne va pas sans poser de difficultés et peut conduire à un syndrome d'épuisement. Objectif Cette recherche se donne pour objectif d'étudier la santé mentale des étudiants en termes de burn-out académique. Méthode Trois cent dix-neuf étudiants ont répondu à l'échelle Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) validée dans sa version française. Résultats En accord avec la littérature, environ 50 % des étudiants ont une tendance à présenter de l'épuisement académique. Conclusion Cette étude préliminaire mériterait d'être répliquée plus largement et sur des échantillons plus spécifiques d'étudiants. Abstract Student period is an important step among the various life events of the individual. Indeed, students are subjected to high pressures of success who do not go without its difficulties and may conduct to burnout syndrome. Objective The aim of this research is to study the mental health of students in terms of academic burnout. Demographic characteristics of students reporting burnout levels and variables that differentiate students' burn-out levels are assessed. Method Three hundred and nineteen students answered at the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) validated in its French version. Results According with the literature, about 50% students tend to exhibit academic exhaustion. Conclusion This preliminary study deserved to be replicated more widely and on more specific samples of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Relativement peu connue en psychiatrie, la médecine thermale psychiatrique est une approche originale qui commence à faire l'objet d'évaluations rigoureuses. Depuis les années 2000, elle a fait l'objet d'études qui en ont mieux montré les contours et les potentiels domaines d'application. Située à l'interface de la médecine générale et de la psychiatrie, entre la médecine ambulatoire et la médecine hospitalière, la médecine thermale s'adresse essentiellement aux troubles anxieux, aux troubles réactionnels, adaptatifs, et à des situations cliniques telles que le sevrage de benzodiazépines ou la psychoéducation. À base de balnéothérapie, celle-ci est basée sur la qualité de la relation entre le médecin et le patient, sur la mise en place d'un environnement médicalisé, structurant, anxiolytique et a développé des modèles de prise en charge psychoéducatifs inspirés des thérapies cognitives et comportementales. En 2010, la preuve de l'efficacité de la crénothérapie a été apportée dans la prise en charge des troubles anxieux généralisés sur une durée de deux mois. En 2016, une autre étude a permis de démontrer l'intérêt de la balnéothérapie en cure thermale pour réaliser le sevrage de benzodiazépines chez les patients anxieux, consommateurs chroniques et motivés pour l'arrêt. Parallèlement, la balnéothérapie a été évaluée dans les troubles affectifs de pathologies douloureuses chroniques, en particulier de la fibromyalgie. Une autre étude a démontré son intérêt dans la prise en charge du burn-out. Nous résumons ici les résultats de ces principaux travaux. Abstract Objectives Relatively little known in psychiatry, spa psychiatric medicine is an original approach, which has started to form the subject of thorough assessments. It concerns 3 week spa therapy stays in practice, the patient being totally free and self-sufficient, though having to go to 3 to 4 prescribed daily bathing sessions and to the medical and psychotherapy follow-up provided within the scope of their medical care. Since the beginning of the years 2000, Spa Medicine has been subject to studies that have better shown the outline and its potential application areas. We present you here, through a review of the literature from these past 30 years, the main elements of scientific proof of its therapeutic activity and as a result, its best documented indications in psychiatry. Therefore, the article is stated by chapter, indication by indication. Results The area which brings the best level of proof relates to generalised anxiety disorder. One study called STOP-TAG (Dubois O, Salomon R, Germain C, et al. 2010) (Salamon R, Germain C, Olié JP, Dubois O, 2008) supervised by 2 Inserm units: ISPED in Bordeaux II and Sainte-Anne, brought the proof of a superior efficacy of the therapy compared to Paroxetine over a period of 8 weeks (5 weeks after the end of the course of treatment). This result is supported by other less thorough works that all feed the first initial study. As a consequence, an Austrian study became interested in the effects of spa bathing observed over 3 weeks in burn-out situations. The results show the efficacy of this medical care at the end of the treatment and 3 months afterwards. Subsequently, the interest in a psycho-educative programme carried out in spa therapy for anxiety patients and chronic benzodiazepine consumers, was studied in addiction. The SPECTh study (De Maricourt P, Gorwood P, Hergueta T, Dubois O. et al. 2016) allowed to follow 70 patients, therapeutically stable and motivated in their stopping. Six months after their treatment, 41.42 % of these patients had ceased all consumption and 80 % had reduced by half, whereas 16 % were in a position of therapeutic failure. This area of addiction has not been subject to other studies particularly concerning excessive alcohol consumption or of ta (the indication of which seems by the way less obvious) or tobacco. If few studies have sought to evaluate the significance of Spa Medicine in depressive disorders, many works have brought out the doubtless indirect impact of this practice on reactional depressive states, especially painful chronic states and on a generalised anxiety state. Likewise, it is above all the spa rheumatologists' works that have brought solid proof of the efficacy of spa therapy and bathing in affective disorders (anxiety, depressive disorder) associated with painful chronic states (fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain, after breast cancer...). As far as the mechanism of action is concerned, numerous hypotheses exist. This is not the place to present them all. However, the result of an original and important pre-study is presented here that highlights the interest of an optimal "letting go" as statistical indicator of a clinical improvement of anxiety in the long run. If the notion of letting go remains to be defined scientifically, it comprises a notion of non-resistance, the giving up of the patient's will to want to control the events, which makes this therapy different from psychological approaches, that are more intellectual directing the patient towards a mastery effort and self and thought control. This specificity in the spa approach by "non-mastered giving up" of its defences and by returning to self, thanks to the taking up again of pleasant physical sensations, often forgotten, seems to be one of the forms of action, psychologically and fundamentally in spa therapy. Conclusion Situated at the interface of general medicine and psychiatry, and between ambulatory medicine and hospital medicine, spa medicine is therefore essentially intended for anxiety disorders, adapting reactional disorders and clinical situations such as severance from Benzodiazepines or psycho-education. Centred on the spa bathing practice, it is also based on the quality of the relation between doctor and patient, on the setting up of a structuring, anxiolytic medicalised environment. Furthermore, these past few years, examples of psycho-educative medical care inspired from cognitive and behavioural therapies have been developed at the heart of the " psy spa resorts". It is important to appreciate the effort carried out by these spa centres, far away from schools of medicine, that make the effort of bringing thorough scientific proof validating their interest in psychiatry, what is more in areas (anxiety, Benzodiazepine severance, chronic pain, burn-out...) where solutions and therapeutic alternatives are not exactly legion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Reanimation is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé L’espace public semble s’être saisi du burn-out comme d’une nouvelle cause sociale. Identifié à l’origine chez le personnel soignant, ce syndrome serait aujourd’hui le fléau des cadres des grandes entreprises, voire, au-dehors de la sphère professionnelle, des jeunes parents ou des étudiants. Le succès galopant de cette entité nosographique reste toutefois un sujet d’interrogations pour le clinicien. Surtout, car la médiatisation du phénomène s’attarde peu sur les questions de psychopathologie qu’il soulève. En effet, la visibilité du burn-out semble gagner du terrain au détriment d’un débat sur la sémiologie et l’étiologie du trouble, censées lui conférer une unité et une légitimité conceptuelle et clinique. Nous tenterons ici, en faisant un détour par des catégories nosographiques dont la fatigue pathologique constituait jadis le noyau, d’examiner la spécificité du burn-out comme entité psychopathologique, d’une part ; de comprendre dans quelle mesure celui-ci mérite véritablement d’être traité comme un mal d’époque, statut que nombre de commentateurs veulent manifestement lui conférer, d’autre part. Public space seems to have seized burnout as a new social cause. Originally identified in health care workers, this syndrome is now the scourge of big business executives, and even, outside the professional sphere, young parents or students. Nevertheless, the success of this nosological entity remains a subject of questions for the clinician. Especially since the media coverage of the phenomenon lingers on the issues, it raises on a psychopathologycal level. In fact, the visibility of burnout seems to gain ground at the expense of a debate on the semeiology and etiology of the disorder, supposedly the source of its conceptual and clinical legitimacy. Making a detour through nosographic categories whose pathological fatigue was once the core, the author shall first try to examine the specificity of burnout as a psychopathological entity. The author will then try to understand if it truly deserves to be treated as a symptom of modernity, a status that many commentators obviously want to impart on this trouble. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Résumé Objectif Évaluer l’ampleur du syndrome d’épuisement professionnel chez les internes et résidents dans les établissements sanitaires du gouvernorat de Sousse en Tunisie et repérer les éventuels facteurs favorisants. Méthodes Cette étude s’est basée sur un questionnaire accompagné de deux échelles spécifiques du burn-out (Maslach) et des troubles de sommeil (Epworth). Elle a concerné tous les internes et les résidents effectuant un stage dans les établissements sanitaires du gouvernorat de Sousse. Résultats Notre étude a concerné 342 internes et résidents avec un taux de réponse de 52,7 %. L’analyse de l’échelle de Maslach a révélé que 98 jeunes médecins étaient concernés par le burn-out . La prévalence de ce syndrome dans cette population était de 28,7 % (IC 95 % = [0–6, 6–24, 24–33]). La moitié de la population semblent avoir des troubles de sommeil et 29 % souffrent d’insomnie. Les principaux facteurs de risque du burn-out objectivés par les internes et les résidents sont la charge de travail élevée, les conditions de travail déplorables, l’insécurité, l’absence d’encadrement et de communication avec les supérieurs hiérarchiques, l’absence de repos compensateur en post-garde et le temps insuffisant consacré aux loisirs. Quant aux conséquences, notre étude suggère également que cet épuisement professionnel est à l’origine des erreurs médicales commises par notre population de jeunes médecins. Conclusion Le burn-out est bien une réalité dans nos hôpitaux, particulièrement chez les jeunes médecins, ayant des conséquences potentiellement nuisibles pour l’individu lui-même et pour le patient. Ainsi une prévention, basée sur une prise en charge tant personnelle que sur les conditions de travail, s’impose afin de garantir l’équilibre socioprofessionnel des jeunes médecins. Objective To assess the extent of the burn-out syndrome among interns and residents in health facilities of the governorate of Sousse of Tunisia and identify the contributing factors. Methods This study is based on a questionnaire accompanied by two specific scales of burn-out (Maslach) and sleep disorders (Epworth). It covered all the interns and residents doing an internship running in health facilities of the governorate of Sousse. Results Our study included 342 interns and residents with a 52.7% response rate. The analysis of the scale of Maslach revealed that 98 young doctors were concerned about burn-out. The prevalence of this syndrome in this population was 28.7% (95% CI [24.0 to 33.6]). Half of the population seems to have sleep disturbances and 29% suffer from insomnia. The main risk factors for burn-out objectified by interns and residents are high workload, poor working conditions, insecurity, lack of supervision and communication with hierarchical superiors, lack of rest compensator guard post and insufficient time devoted to leisure. As for the consequences, our study also suggests that this burn-out is causing medical errors committed by our population of young doctors. Conclusion Burn-out is a reality in our hospitals, particularly among young physicians, with potentially harmful consequences for the individual himself and for the patient. Prevention, based on both personal care, as working conditions, is needed to ensure the socio-professional balance of young doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sante Mentale au Quebec is the property of Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)