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The position is substantiated according to which the preservation of the rite as an object of ethnocultural heritage in modern conditions is possible through bringing it into a museum state. It is argued that this process should be based on the fixation of the rite during the period of its existence in the natural socio-cultural environment, the results of which were reflected in the field diaries of ethnographers stored in museum archives. The authors point to the main difference between the “inheri tor of tradition” and the “bearer of tradition”, which is the fragmentation and discreteness of the information available to the latter, which is insufficient to recreate the complex image of the traditional rite. The potential of the proposed methodology for interpreting and reconstructing traditional rituals is revealed on the example of the Shor rite ‘Shachig’. The authors analyze modern national-social variations in the interpretation of ethnographic information about the rite of the first third of the XX century. It is shown that the superficial processing of the information contained in the sources and the incorrect decoding of the codes leads to the transformation of the descriptions of all elements and the material component of the rite. As a scientifically grounded alternative, reconstruction and interpretation of this rite from the standpoint of a semiotic approach is proposed, based on a comprehensive analysis of all its elements (actional, verbal, objective) and considering temporal and local characteristics.

The paper analyses the theoretical basis of the museum and fund activities: such as hoarding, documentation and communication. The hoarding theory, based on hermeneutical and axiological approaches, justifies the problem of determining the value of a museum object. The author states the process of identifying the objects of museum significance in the environment of existence, their attribution and interpretation within the framework of the documentation theory based on hermeneutical and semiotic approaches. The communication theory serves as the basis for studying the process of interaction between a museum object and its researcher (interpreter). In addition the author underlines that focusing on these theoretical foundations allows the researcher to avoid errors in the acquisition and attribution of museum objects., В статье анализируются теоретические основы музейно-фондовой деятельности: тезаврирование, документирование и внутримузейная коммуникация. Исходя из теории тезаврирования, базирующейся на герменевтическом и аксиологическом подходах, определяется ценность музейного объекта. С помощью теории документирования, использующей герменевтический и семиотический подходы, выявляются объекты музейного значения в среде бытования, производится их атрибуция и интерпретация. Теория коммуникации является основой изучения процесса взаимодействия музейного объекта и его исследователя (интерпретатора). Ориентация на данные теоретические основы позволяет избежать ошибок при комплектовании и атрибуции музейных объектов.